1,203
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW ARTICLE

Climate adaptation in South America with emphasis in coastal areas: the state-of-the-art and case studies from Venezuela and Uruguay

, , , &
Pages 364-382 | Received 08 Jan 2015, Accepted 29 Nov 2015, Published online: 22 Mar 2016

References

  • Adger, N. L., Arnell, N. W., & Tompkins, E. L. (2005). Successful adaptation to climate change across scales. Global Environmental Change, 15, 77–86. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.12.005
  • ADMICCO. (2011). Proyecto de Adaptación y Mitigación al Cambio Climático en Zonas Costeras (Chile, Ecuador, Perú). Boletín ADMICCO N°3. Asociación Civil LABOR, CooperAcción (Perú); CEDESUS (Chile); EcoCostas (Ecuador); IST (Portugal). Retrieved from http://admicco.labor.org.pe/
  • Alongi, D. M. (2008). Mangrove forests: Resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 76(1), 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.08.024
  • Alvarez-León, R. (2003). Los manglares de Colombia y la recuperación de sus áreas degradadas: revisión bibliográfica y nuevas experiencias. Madera y Bosques, 9(1), 3–25. doi: 10.21829/myb.2003.911286
  • Aragón-Durand, F. (2012). Regional workshop on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in urban settings: From theory to practice: Memories. Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Retrieved from http://www.cridlac.org/digitalizacion/pdf/eng/doc18882/doc18882contenido.pdf
  • Armijo, M. (2012). Planes Nacionales de Desarrollo en países de América Latina y el Caribe: análisis preliminar de sus propuestas para el desarrollo. Instituto Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Planificación Económica y Social (ILPES), Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), Santiago de Chile, p. 30. Retrieved from http://sispalc.cepal.org/Sispalv2/Documentos/Planes_Nacionales_Desarrollo.pdf
  • Ashok, K., Tam, C. Y., Lee, W. J. (2009). Enso Modoki impact on the Southern Hemisphere storm track activity during extended austral winter. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L12705. doi:10.1029/2009GL038847
  • Ashwill, M., Flora, A., & Flora, J. (2011). Building community resilience to climate change. Testing the adaptation coalition framework in Latin America. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/Resources/244362-1232059926563/5747581-1239131985528/Adaptation-Coalition-Framework-Latin-America_web.pdf
  • Ayers, J., & Forsyth, T. (2009). Community-based adaptation to climate change. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 51(4), 22–31. doi: 10.3200/ENV.51.4.22-31
  • Barbero, J. A., & Tornquist, R. R. (2012). Transporte y cambio climático: hacia un desarrollo sostenible y de bajo carbono. Revista Transporte y Territorio, 6, 8–26. Retrieved from http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rtt/article/view/273]
  • Bassett, E., & Shandas, V. (2010). Innovation and climate action planning. Perspectives from municipal plans. Journal of the American Planning Association, 76(4), 435–450. doi: 10.1080/01944363.2010.509703
  • Bierbaum, R., Smith, J. B., Lee, A., Blair, M., Carter, L., Chapin, S.III, … Verduzco, L. (2013). A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: More than before, but less than needed. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 18, 361–406. doi:10.1007/s11027-012-9423-1
  • Bravo, L., Hernández, R. J., Llatas, I., & Salcedo, A. (2010). Desarrollo de un sistema de alerta temprana comunitario en el Estado Vargas. Revista temas de coyuntura, 61. Retrieved from http://revistasenlinea.saber.ucab.edu.ve/temas/index.php/temasdecoyuntura/issue/view/102/showToc
  • Brondizio, E., Ostrom, E., & Young, O. (2009). Connectivity and the governance of multilevel social-ecological systems: The role of social capital. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34, 253–279. doi:10.1146/annurev.environ.020708.100707
  • Buechler, S. (2009). Gender, water, and climate change in Sonora, Mexico: Implications for policies and programmes on agricultural income generation. Gender & Development, 17(1), 51–66. SocINDEX with Full Text, EBSCOhost (3). doi:10.1080/13552070802696912
  • Buenfil, J. (2009). Adaptación a los de Impactos del Cambio Climático en los humedales Costeros del Golfo de México. Volumen II. INE-SEMARNAT. Retrieved from http://books.google.co.ve/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Arpffj30pfkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA385&dq=Buenfil+J+28200929+AdaptaciC3B3n+a+los+de+Impactos+del+Cambio+ClimC3A1tico+en+los+humedales+Costeros+del+Golfo+de+MC3A9xico.+Volumen+II.+INE-SEMARNAT&ots=I3BVEr5maB&sig=MHD9zB3gEUiDAZ434LmxpMXttbA#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • Burton, I. (2004). Climate change and the adaptation deficit. Occasional paper 3, Adaptation and Impacts Research Group, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada, p. 33. Retrieved from http://projects.upei.ca/climate/files/2012/10/Book-5_Paper-3.pdf
  • Calvo, J. D. (2013). Integración de la gestión de riesgo de desastres y la adaptación al cambio climático en la inversión pública: Centroamérica. Regional Policy Dialogue: Climate Change & Disaster Risk Management Network. Retrieved from http://www.iadb.org
  • Campos, M. Herrador, D., Manuel Valdés, C., & McCall, M. (2013). Experiencias locales de adaptación al cambio climático en dos comunidades rurales de México y El Salvador. Retrieved from http://www.boletinage.com/61/16-CAMPOS.pdf
  • CEPAL. (2012a). La sostenibilidad del desarrollo a 20 años de la Cumbre de la Tierra. Avances, brechas y lineamientos estratégicos para América Latina y el Caribe. Naciones Unidas. P. 273. Retrieved from http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/7/46097/2012-65-RIO+20-ESPANOL-WEB.pdf
  • CEPAL. (2012b). Efectos del cambio climático en las costas de América Latina y El Caribe. Impactos y exposición. Retrieved from http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/0/46750/2011-786-.460_Vulnerabilidad_y_exposicion_WEB.pdf
  • CEPAL. (2013). Panorama Social de América Latina, p. 45. Retrieved from http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/9/51769/panoramasocial2013docinf.pdf
  • Crabbe, M. J., Martínez, E., García, C., Chub, J., Castro, L., & Guy, J. (2010). Is capacity building important in policy development for sustainability? A case study using action plans for sustainable marine protected areas in Belize. Society and Natural Resources, 23, 181–190. doi:10.1080/08941920802409593.181
  • Cramer, K. L. (2013). History of human occupation and environmental change in western and central Caribbean Panama. Bulletin of Marine Science, 89(4), 995–982. doi: 10.5343/bms.2012.1028
  • Duke, N. C., Meynecke, J., Dittmann, S., Ellison, A. M., Anger, K., Berger, U., … Dahdouh-Guebas, F. (2007). A world without mangroves? Science, 317(5834), 41–42. doi:10.1126/science.317.5834.41b
  • Dumas, J., & Kakabadse, Y. (2008). Cambio climático y pobreza en América Latina y el Caribe. Consulta Regional. Quito: FuturoLatinoamericano. Report to the International Development Research Center of Canada, 2008. ISBN: 978-9978-9960-3-4
  • EACC. (2012). The costs to developing countries of adapting to climate change new methods and estimates. The global report of the economics of adaptation to climate change study. Consultation Draft, p. 102. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/ 2010/01/12563514/ costs-developing-countriesadapting-climate-change-new-methods-estimatesglobal-report-economics-adaptation-climate-changestudy
  • ECLAC. (2011). Effects of climate change on the coast of Latin America and the Caribbean: Dynamics, trends and climate variability LC/W.447. United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Santiago de Chile, Chile. P. 263. Retrieved from http://www.cepal.org/portofspain/…/xml/8/…/lcarl362.pdf
  • ENCC. (2012). Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático del Ecuador: ENCC 2012–2025. Ministerio del Ambiente. Gobierno Nacional de la República del Ecuador, p. 142. Retrieved from http://www.redisas.org/pdfs/ENCC.pdf
  • Eriksen, S., & Brown, K. (2011). Sustainable adaptation to climate change. Climate and Development, 3(1), 3–6. doi:10.3763/cdev.2010.0064
  • Ferrara, G., Martelo, M. T., Lairet, R., Villamizar, A., & Sánchez, J. C. (2012). Una propuesta de sensibilización y capacitación de comunidades para la adaptación al cambio climático: caso parroquia San Pedro, Caracas. ABES. Retrieved from http://www.acfiman.org/cambioclimatico/descargas/documentos/memorias_primer_simposio_nacional_sobre_cambio_climatico.pdf
  • Field, C., Barros, V., Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Dokken, D. J., Ebi, K. L., … Midgley, P. (2012). Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation (A special report of working groups I and II of the intergovernmental panel on climate change) p. 582. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-1-107-02506-6. Retrieved from https://www.ipccwg1.unibe.ch/srex/downloads/SREX-All_FINAL.pdf
  • FII. (2006). Estudio de prospección tecnológica sobre cambio climático. Fundación Instituto de Ingeniería (FII). Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. Venezuela. Retrieved from http://saber.ucv.ve/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4664/1/T026800008121-0-Tesis_Freddy_Blanco-2013-000.pdf
  • Francini-Filho, R. B., Moura, R. L., Thompson, F. L., Reis, R. M., Kaufman, L., Kikuchi, R. K. P., & Leão, Z. M. (2008). Diseases leading to accelerated decline of reef corals in the largest South Atlantic reef complex (Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(5), 1008–1014. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.02.013
  • Frank, E., Eakin, H., & Lopez-Carr, D. (2011). Social identity, perception and motivation in adaptation to climate risk in the coffee sector of Chiapas, Mexico. Global Environmental Change, 21(1), 66–76. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.11.001
  • Frickel, S. (2010). Global environmental and human development. Review Essays, 39, 131–135.
  • German Watch. (2012). Global climate risk index (CRI) 2012: Who suffers most from extreme weather events? Weather-related loss events in 2010 and 1991 to 2010. Sven harmeling. briefing paper. p. 27. German Watch. Retrieved from http://www.germanwatch.org/klima/cri.pdf
  • Gómez-Erache, M. G., Conde, D., & Villarmarzo, R. (2010). The sustainability of integrated management in the coastal zone of Uruguay: Connecting knowledge to action. Montevideo: EcoPlata. Retrieved from http://www.ecoplata.org/documentos/
  • González, S. (2013). La Dimensión Humana del Cambio Climático. In: Primer simposio nacional sobre cambio climático: perspectivas para Venezuela. 28–29 de Noviembre 2013. Retrieved from http://www.acfiman.org/cambioclimatico/descargas/documentos/memorias_primer_simposio_nacional_sobre_cambio_climatico.pdf
  • Guarderas, A. P., Hacker, S. D., & Lubchenco, J. (2008). Current status of marine protected areas in Latin America and the Caribbean. Conservation Biology, 22(6), 1630–1640. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01023.x
  • Guenni, L., Nobre, C., Marengo, J., Huerta, G., & Sansó, B. (2013). Oceanic influence on extreme rainfall trends in the north central coast of Venezuela: Present and future climate assessment. CompAMA, 1(2), 7–45.
  • Halpern, B. S., Longo, C., Hardy, D., McLeod, K. L., Samhouri, J. F., Katona, S. K., … Zeller, D. (2012). An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean. Nature, 488(7413), 615–620. doi:10.1038/nature11397
  • Halpern, B. S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K. A., Kappel, C. V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., … Watson, R. (2008). A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, 319(5865), 948–952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345
  • Halsnæs, K., & Trærup, S. (2009). Development and climate change: A mainstreaming approach for assessing economic, social, and environmental impacts of adaptation measures. Environmental Management, 43(5), 765–778. doi:10.1007/s00267-009-9273-0
  • Hastings, J. G. (2011). International environmental NGOs and conservation science and policy: A case from Brazil. Coastal Management, 39(3), 317–335. doi: 10.1080/08920753.2011.566125
  • Herweijer, C., Ranger, N., & Ward, R. E. (2009). Adaptation to climate change: Threats and opportunities for the insurance industry. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice, 34(3), 360–380. doi:10.1057/gpp.2009.13
  • Hickey, C., & Weis, T. (2012). The challenge of climate change adaptation in Guyana. Climate and Development, 4(1), 66–74. doi:10.1080/17565529.2012.661036
  • Hoegh-Guldberg, O., & Bruno, J. F. (2010). The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems. Science, 328(5985), 1523–1528. doi:10.1126/science.1189930
  • IMF. (2014). World economic outlook database-April 2014. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from http://www.imf.org/…/pubs/…/weo/2014/…/weodata/index
  • Invemar, Grupo Laera, GCAP y CDKN (Eds.). (2014). Adaptación al cambio climático en ciudades costeras de Colombia. Guía para la formulación de planes de adaptación. Seriede Publicaciones Generales del Invemar No. 65. Santa Marta. p. 40. ISBN 978-958-8448-65-7. Retrieved from http://www.oceandocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/6611/Guia_planes_Adaptacion_CiudadesCosteras.pdf
  • IPCC. (2007). Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. In M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, & C. E. Hanson (Eds.), Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (p. 976). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_wg2_report_impacts_adaptation_and_vulnerability.htm
  • IPCC. (2013). Summary for policymakers. In T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G. K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, … P. M. Midgley (Eds.), Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (p. 29). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://www.climatechange2013.org/…/WG1AR5_SPM_FI
  • Izaguirre, C. F., Méndez, A., Espejo, I., Losada, J., & Reguero, B. G. (2013). Extreme wave climate changes in Central-South America. Climatic Change, 119(2), 277–290. doi:10.1007/s10584-013-072-9
  • Keller, M., Echeverría, D., & Parry, J. (2011). Review of current and planned adaptation action: Central America and Mexico. Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico and Panama. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Adaptation Partnership, 143. Retrieved from http://www.adaptationpartnership.org/
  • Kiem, A. S., Verdon-Kidd, D. C., Boulter, S. L., & Palutikof, J. P. (2010). Learning from experience: Historical case studies and climate change adaptation, National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast, p. 33. ISBN: 978-1-921609-26-8. Retrieved from http://www.nccarf.edu.au/content/learning-experience-historicalcase-studies-and-climate-change-adaptation
  • Klein, R. J. T., Eriksen, S., Næss, L. O., Hammill, A., Robledo, C., & O'Brien, K. (2007). Portfolio screening to support the mainstreaming of adaptation to climate change into development. Climatic Change, 84(1), 23–44. doi:10.1007/s10584-007-9268-x
  • Lacambra, C., & Zahedi, K. (2011). Climate change, natural hazards and coastal ecosystems in Latin-America: A framework for analysis. In H. G. Brauch, A. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Kameri-Mbote, B. Chourou … J. Birkmann (Eds.), Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security (pp. 585–601). Volume 5, Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace. Berlin Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/4312958/_Introduction_Coping_with_Global_Environmental_Change_in_the_Anthropocene_of_the_Book_Coping_with_Global_Environmental_Change
  • Lampis, A. (2010). Challenges to adaptation for risk-prone coastal livelihoods in Tumaco, Pacific Coast (Colombia). In Integrative perspectives on urbanization and climate change. UGEC Viewpoints No. 3. Urbanization and Global Environmental Change (UGEC), 18–22. Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/site/lampisndr/publications
  • Leal Filho, W. (2013). Understanding the links between climate change and disaster management in pacific island countries. In W. Leal Filho (Ed.), Climate change and disaster risk management (p. 692). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-31110-9. Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/economics/environmental/book/978-3-642-31109-3
  • Leal Filho, W., Alves, F., Caeiro, S., & Azeiteiro, U. S. (Eds.). (2014). International perspectives on climate change: Latin America and beyond. Springer-Verlag. March 2014. ISBN 978-3-319-04489-7. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-04489-7
  • Leal Filho, W., & Mannke, F. (2014). Managing the impacts of climate change in Latin America: The need for technology transfer. In W. Leal Filho, F. Alves, S. Caeiro, & U. S. Azeiteiro (Eds.), International perspectives on climate change: Latin America and beyond ( Chapter 7, pp. 95–106). Springer-Verlag. March 2014. ISBN 978-3-319-04489-7. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-04489-7
  • Leary, N., Adejuwon, J., Barros, V., Batimaa, P., Biagini, B., Burton, I., … Wehbe, M. (2008). A stitch in time: General lessons from specific cases. In N. Leary, J. Adejuwon, V. Barros, I. Burton, & R. Lasco (Eds.), Climate change and adaptation (Vol. 1, pp. 1–27). London: Earthscan. ISBN 9781844074709.5
  • Lesnikowski, A. C., Ford, J. D., Berrang-Ford, L., Barrera, M., & Heymann, J. (2013). How are we adapting to climate change? A global assessment “Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change”. doi:10.1007/s11027-013-9491-x
  • López Rodríguez, A., Sierra-Correa, P. C., & Lozano-Rivera, P. (2013). Criteria for incorporating the guidelines of the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in territorial land use planning: Study case for the Colombian pacific coastal area. International Journal of Marine Science, 3(29), 225–237. doi:10.5376/ijms.2013.03.0029
  • Losada, I. J., Reguero, B. G., Méndez, F. J., Castanedo, S., Abascal, A. J., & Mínguez, R. (2013). Long-term changes in sea-level components in Latin America and the Caribbean. Global and Planetary Change, 104, 34–50. doi:10.1007/s10236-005-0008-3
  • Magrin, G., Gay, C., Cruz Choque, D., Gimenez, J. C., Moreno, A. R., Nagy, G. J., … Villamizar, A. (2007). Chapter 13 “Latin America’, 583–615. In M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, & C. E. Hanson (Eds.), Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (pp. 581–615). Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978 0521 88010-7
  • Magrin, G., Marengo, J., Boulanger, J. P., Buckeridge, M., Castellanos, E., Poveda, G., … Vicuña, S. (2014). Chapter 27 “Central and South America”. In V. R. Barros, C. B. Field, D. J. Dokken, M. D. Mastrandrea, K. J. Mach, T. E. Bilir, … & L. L. White (Eds.). Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Part B: Regional aspects. Contribution of working group II to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change IPCC, 2014. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1499–1566. ISBN 978-1-107-68386-0. Retrieved from http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/report/citations/
  • Maskrey, A. (1997). IDNDR early warning programme – Report on national and local capabilities for early warning. Retrieved from http://www.unisdr.org/2006/ppew/whats-ew/pdf/national-andlocal-capabilities-ew-maskrey.pdf
  • McCarthy, J., Canziani, O., Leary, N. A., Dokken, D., & White, C. (Eds.). (2001). Climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. IPCC, 2001, p. 1032. ISBN 0 521 01500 6
  • McPhaden, M. J. (2013). A 21st century shift in ENSO properties. NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle, Washington, USA CLIVAR ENSO Diversity Workshop Boulder, Colorado 6–8 February 2013. Retrieved from http://www.usclivar.org/sites/default/files/meetings/ensodiversity2013/mcphaden_m_ppt.pdf. Accessed 27 Feb 2015
  • Méndez, A. (2011). Puertos comerciales y áreas costeras protegidas: Dilema legislativo entre desarrollo y conservación. Tesis de Maestría. Universidad Simón Bolívar. Caracas. Venezuela
  • Metternicht, G., Sabelli, A., & Spensley, J. (2014). Climate change vulnerability, impact and adaptation assessment: Lessons from Latin America. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 6(4), 442–476. doi:10.1108/IJCCSM-06-2013-0076
  • MMA. (2013). “Política Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en Brasil: Situación Actual. Secretaria de Cambio Climático y Calidad Ambiental. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente. Retrieved from http://www.mma.gov.br/clima/adaptação
  • Moraes, D., & Velázquez, S. (2012). Capitales comunitarios y vulnerabilidad social frente al cambio climático en un municipio de Yucatán. Trayectorias, 14(33–34), 51–75.
  • Moura, R. L. D., Minte-Vera, C. B., Curado, I. B., Francini Filho, R. B., Rodrigues, H. D. C. L., Dutra, G. F., … Souto, F. J. B. (2009). Challenges and prospects of fisheries co-management under a marine extractive reserve framework in northeastern Brazil. Coastal Management, 37(6), 617–632. doi: 10.1080/08920750903194165
  • Nagy, G. J., Bidegain, M., Norbis, W., Ponce, A., Pshennikov, V., & Severov, D. N. (2008). Fishing strategies for managing climate variability and change in the estuarine front of the Río de la Plata. In N. Leary, J. Adejuwon, V. Barros, I. Burton, J. Kulkarni, & R. Lasco (Eds.), Climate change and adaptation ( Chapter 20, pp. 353–370). London: Earthscan. ISBN: 978-1844074709
  • Nagy, G. J., Caffera, R. M., Aparicio, M., Barrenechea, P., Bidegain, M., Giménez, J. C., … Wehbe, M. (2006). “Understanding the potential impacts of climate change and variability in Latin America and the Caribbean”. Report prepared for the stern review on the economics of climate change. Department for International Development-DFID, HM Treasury, United Kingdom. Retrieved from http://www.dfld.de/Presse/PMitt/2006/061030cA.pdf
  • Nagy, G. J., Gomez-Erache, M., & Kay, R. (2015). A risk based and participatory approach to assessing climate vulnerability and improving governance in coastal Uruguay, Ch. 16: 357–378. In B. Glavovic, R. Kay, M. Kelly, & A. Travers (Eds.), Climate change and the coast: Building resilient communities. London: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Print ISBN: 978-0-415-46487-1, eBook ISBN: 978-1-4822-8858-2; doi:10.1201/b18053-23. Retrieved from http://www.crcpress.com/
  • Nagy, G. J., Muñoz, N., Verocai, J. E., Bidegain, M., & Seijo, L. (2014). Adjusting to current climate threats and planning adaptation: The case of the Uruguayan Coastal zone within the Rio de la Plata river estuary. Journal of Integrated Coastal Management, Special Issue on “Lay Rationalities of Climate Change in the Coastal Zone”, 14(4), 1–15. doi:10.5894/rgci472
  • Nagy, G. J., Seijo, L., Verocai, J. E., & Bidegain, M. (2014). Stakeholders’ climate perception and adaptation in coastal Uruguay. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 6(1), 63–84. doi:10.1108/IJCCSM-03-2013-0035
  • Naumann, S., Davis, M. C., Munag, R., Andrews, J., Thiaw, I., Alverson, K., … Han, Z. (2013). The social dimension of ecosystem-based adaptation. Ecologic Institute, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Policy Series, Ecosystem Management, Cornell University, p. 16. Retrieved from http://www.ecologic.eu/de/10251
  • Naveda, J. (2013). Posibles Impactos en la zona Costera Venezolana por efecto del cambio del nivel del mar como consecuencia del Cambio Climático Global: En primer simposio nacional sobre cambio climático: perspectivas para Venezuela. 2 Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales de Venezuela (ACFIMAN). 8–29 de Noviembre 2013. Retrieved from http://www.acfiman.org/cambioclimatico/descargas/documentos/memorias_primer_simposio_nacional_sobre_cambio_climatico.pdf
  • ND-Gain. (2012). Notre dame global adaptation index. Retrieved from http://index.gain.org
  • Nelson, G., Rosegrant, C., Koo, M. W., Robertson, J., Sulser, T., Zhu, T., & Lee, D. (2009). Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation (Vol. 21). Intl Food Policy Res Inst. Retrieved from http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/…/pr21.pdf
  • Neumann, B., Vafeidis, A. T., Zimmermann, J., & Nicholls, R. (2015). Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea-level rise and coastal flooding – A global assessment. PLoSONE, 10(3), e0118571. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118571
  • Ocean Health Index-OHI. (2014). Ocean health index. Retrieved from http://www.oceanhealthindex.org
  • Olivo, M., Lettherny, E., Ramos, C., & Sosa, M. (2001). Pérdidas de tierra en la costa venezolana debido al incremento del nivel del mar. Interciencia, 26(10), 463–468. Retrieved from http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/339/33906107.pdf
  • Pauchard, A., Aguayo, M., Peña, E., & Urrutia, R. (2006). Multiple effects of urbanization on the biodiversity of developing countries: The case of a fast-growing metropolitan area (Concepción, Chile). Biological Conservation, 127(3), 272–281. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.015
  • Perdomo, M. (2012). Proyecto Políticas Climáticas 2012: preparando estrategias climáticas. Programa para el Desarrollo de Naciones Unidas, Centro Regional LAC, Panamá, Panamá. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/dam/…/JTPoliticas-2012-Enfrentadas_rev_jt.pdf
  • Pineda, J., Starczak, V., Tarrant, A., Blythe, J., Davis, K., Farrar, T., & da Silva, J. C. (2013). Two spatial scales in a bleaching event: Corals from the mildest and the most extreme thermal environments escape mortality. Limnology and Oceanography, 58(5), 1531–1545. doi:10.4319/lo.2013.58.5.1531
  • Polidoro, B. A., Carpenter, K. E., Collins, L., Duke, N. C., Ellison, A. M., Ellison, J. C., … Hong Yong, W. H. (2010). The loss of species: Mangrove extinction risk and geographic areas of global concern. PloS One, 5(4), e10095. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010095
  • Preston, B. L., Dow, K., & Berkhout, F. (2013). The climate adaptation frontier. Sustainability, 5, 1011–1035. doi:10.3390/su5031011
  • PRODOC. (2008). Pilot sites of adaptation measures to climate change in the Uruguayan Coastal areas, project document prepared for UNDP/GEF Trust Fund, p. 131. Retrieved from http://www.undp.adaptationlearning.net/spa
  • Reid, H., & Huq, S. (2014). Mainstreaming community-based adaptation into national and local planning. Climate and Development, 6(4), 291–292. doi:10.1080/17565529.2014.973720
  • Rojas Giraldo, X., Sierra-Correa, P., Lozano-Rivera, P. C., & López Rodríguez, A. (2010). Guía metodológica para el manejo integrado de las zonas costeras en Colombia, manual 2: planificación de la zona costera. Serie de Documentos Generales INVEMAR No. 44, p. 74. Retrieved from http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/mar/mcbem-2014-04/other/mcbem-2014-04-co-manual-2-en.pdf
  • Romero-Lankao, P. (2008). The challenge of climate change in Latin America. Newspaper Essay, South America, December 2008. Urban Age. The London School of Economics and Political Science, Retrieved from http://www.urban-age.net, p. 4
  • Ryan, D. (2012). Report on the state and quality of public policy on climate change and development in Latin America – Agriculture and forestry sector. Plataforma Climática Latinoamericana, Lima, Ryan D. (comp.) September 2012. Retrieved from http://intercambioclimatico.com/wp-content/uploads/Regional-Report31.pdf
  • Salas, S., Chuenpagdee, R., Charles, A., & Seijo, J. C. (Eds.). (2011). Coastal fisheries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Fao fisheries and aquaculture technical paper 544
  • Santibañez, Q. F., & Santibáñez, V. (2007). Trends in land degradation in Latin America and the Caribbean, the role of climate change. In Climate and land degradation world meteorological organization (pp. 65–81). Geneve: Springer Verlag.
  • SNRCC. (2010). Plan Nacional de Respuesta al cambio Climático: Diagnostico y lineamientos estratégicos. Sistema Nacional de Respuesta al Cambio Climático y la Variabilidad (SNRCC), Montevideo, MVOTMA. Retrieved from http://www.preventionweb.net/files/21530_15250pnralcclimuruguay20101.pdf
  • Tacoli, C. (2009). Crisis or adaptation? Migration and climate change in a context of high mobility. Environment & Urbanization, 21(2), 513–525. Retrieved from http://eau.sagepub.com/content/21/2/513.short doi: 10.1177/0956247809342182
  • Torres-Alruiz, M., & Rodríguez, D. (2013). A topo-dynamical perspective to evaluate indirect interactions in trophic webs: New indexes. Ecological Modelling, 250, 363–369. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.024
  • UNDP. (2014). Human development report 2014. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-report-en-1.pdf
  • UNEP. (2005). Assessing coastal vulnerability: Developing a global index for measuring risk. United Nations environment programme. Assessing coastal vulnerability: Developing a global index for measuring risk, PDF. P. 54. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/publications/search/pub_details_s.asp?ID=3752. ISBN No: 92-807-2577-7
  • UNEP. (2007). Annual report. United Nations environment program. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/PDF/AnnualReport/2007/AnnualReport2007_en_web.pdf
  • UNEP. (2012). Latin American and the Caribbean: Atlas of our changing environment. UNEP/CATHALAC/UNDP.Atlas.pdf. p. 26.Retrieved from http://www.cathalac.org/lac_atlas/imagefull/Top10_LAC-
  • UNFCCC. (1992). Union nations framework convention on climate change. Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/items/6036.php
  • UNISDR. (2011). United nations international strategy for disaster reduction secretariat. Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction 2011: Revealing risk, redefining development. p. 178. Retrieved from http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/publications/19846
  • Valdés, C., & Herman, H. (2005). Cooperación internacional en el manejo integrado de la zona costera de México. Gobernanza, 11, 151–162. Retrieved from http://etzna.uacam.mx/epomex/pdf/mancos/cap11.pdf
  • Verocai, J. E., Gómez-Erache, M., Nagy, G. J., & Bidegain, M. (2015). Addressing climate extremes in coastal management: The case of the Uruguayan Coast of the Rio de la Plata system. Revista de GestãoCosteiraIntegrada / Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management, 15(1), 91–107. Retrieved from http://www.aprh.pt/rgci/pdf/rgci-555_Verocai.pdf. doi:10.5894/rgci555
  • Vides, M. P., & Sierra-Correa, P. C. (2014). Environmental policy analysis and institutional mapping: Towards an integrated climate policy to reduce Colombian Caribbean's sea level rise risk. bol.invemar, 43(2), 307–328. Santa Marta July/Dec. 2014 ISSN 0122-9761
  • Villamizar, A. (2011). Adaptación al cambio climático y políticas públicas: Una deuda de alto riesgo para América Latina? Mundo Nuevo, 3, 1(6), 301–338. Retrieved from http://www.iaeal.usb.ve/Mundo%20Nuevo/MN%206/art9.pdf
  • Wang, C., Deser, C., Yu, J.-Y., DiNezio, P., & Clement, A. (2012). El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): A review. In P. Glymn, D. Manzello, & I. Enochs (Eds.), Coral reefs of the Eastern Pacific. Springer Science Publisher (in press). Retrieved March 27, 2015, from http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/docs/ENSO_Revision.pdf
  • WB. (2009). Assessing the potential consequences of in America climate destabilization in Latin America. In: Latin America and Caribbean region sustainable development working paper No. 32 [Vergara, W. (ed.)]. The World Bank, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Sustainable Development Department (LCSSD). P. 118. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/…/899220Ass
  • WB. (2012). The world bank data. World development indicators, urban development, urban population (% of total) and population in the largest city (% of urban population).Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/topic/urban-development The World Bank
  • WB. (2013). World development indicators database, World Bank. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org
  • Wetlands International. (2012). Desarrollo del componente #humedales” del Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático de Argentina. Retrieved from http://lac.wetlands.org/WHATWEDO/Adaptaci%C3%B3nalCambioClim%C3%A1tico/tabid/2127/Default.aspx
  • WRR. (2012). World risk report 2012. Alliance development works. Focus: Environmental degradation and disasters. United Nations University and Nature Conservancy. P. 74. ISBN 978-3-9814495-0-3. Retrieved from http://www.ehs.unu.edu/file/get/10487.pdf
  • Zamora-Bornachera, A. P., & Meza-García, A. G. (2013). Behavior of the economic revenues of the artisanal fishery in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and complejo de Pajarales, Colombian Caribbean. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0122-97612013000100005…sci…
  • Zielinski, S., & Díaz Cano, M. (2014). Los esquemas de certificacion de playas turisticas en Americ Latina: Evaluación del componente socio-cultural y el nivel participativo. Estudios y perspectivas en turismo, 23(1), 156–175.
  • Zubiaurre, I., & Calvo, N. (2012). The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Modoki signal in the stratosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, D04104. doi:10.1029/2011JD016690

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.