Identifying climate information services users and their needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review and learning agenda

References

• ACTED Appraisal, M., & AMEU, E. U. (2013). Karamoja Drought Early Warning System (DEWS): An Assessment of Data Reliability, End-User Awareness and Early Action. Working Paper, 1–51.
   Google Scholar
• ADA Consortium. (2016). What We Do. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20160319032023/http://adaconsortium.org/index.php/what-we-do.html
   Google Scholar
• AfriClimServ. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.acmad.net/new/?q=en/africlimserv/africlimserv%0D
   Google Scholar
• Alobo Loison, S. (2015). Rural Livelihood diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review. The Journal of Development Studies, 51(9), 1125–1138. doi: 10.1080/00220388.2015.1046445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer, E. R. M. (2003). Identifying Underserved End-user groups in the Provision of climate information. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 84(11), 1525–1532. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-84-11-1525
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2017). African Farm Radio Results Initiative (AFRRI-2), 2–5.
   Google Scholar
• Blakie, P. (1985). The political Economy of Soil Erosion in developing countries. New York: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Briley, L., Brown, D., & Kalafatis, S. E. (2015). Overcoming barriers during the co-production of climate information for decision-making. Climate Risk Management, 9, 41–49. doi: 10.1016/j.crm.2015.04.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broad, K., & Agrawala, S. (2000). The Ethiopia food Crisis-uses and limits of climate forecasts. Science, 289(5485), 1693–1984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, E., Deressa, T. T., Gbetibouo, G. A., & Ringler, C. (2009). Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa:Options and constraints. Environmental Science & Policy, 12, 413–426. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2008.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, E., Ringler, C., Okoba, B., Roncoli, C., Silvestri, S., & Herrero, M. (2013). Adapting agriculture to climate change in Kenya: Household strategies and determinants. Journal of Environmental Management, 114, 26–35. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryceson, D. F. (1997). Farewell to Farms: Deagrarianization and employment in Africa. Alderson: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Bryceson, D. F. (2002). The Scramble in Africa: Reorienting rural livelihoods. World Development, 30(5), 725–739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R. (2013). Livelihoods as Intimate government: Reframing the logic of livelihoods for development. Third World Quarterly, 34(1), 77–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R. (ed.). (2014a). Assessing Mali’s direction national de la Meteorologie Agrometeorological advisory program: Preliminary Report on the climate science and farmer Use. Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R. (2014b). From Description to Explanation: Using the livelihoods as Intimate government (LIG) approach. Applied Geography, 52, 110–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R., Abrahams, D., De la Poterie, A. T., Suarez, P., & Koelle, B. (2015). Vulnerability assessments, identity and spatial scale challenges in disaster-risk reduction. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 7(1), 1–17. doi: 10.4102/jamba.v7i1.201
   Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R., Fleming, G., & Kalala, T. (2015). Assessing climate service needs in Kaffrine, Senegal: Livelihoods, identity, and vulnerability to climate variability and change. Washington, DC: USAID.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R., Fleming, G., & Kalala, T. (2016). Understanding women’s needs for weather and climate information in agrarian settings: The case of Ngetou Maleck, Senegal. Weather, Climate, and Society, 8(3), 247–264. doi: 10.1175/WCAS-D-15-0075.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R., Onzere, S., Kalala, T., Owusu-Daaku, K. N., & Rosko, H. (2015). Assessing Mali’s l’Agence Nationale de la météorologie’s (Mali Meteo) Agrometeorological advisory program: Final Report in the farmer Use of advisories and the implications for climate service design. Washington, DC: USAID.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R., & Onzere, S. N. (2018). Really effective (for 15% of the men): lessons in understanding and addressing user needs in climate services from Mali. Climate Risk Management, 22, 82–95. doi: 10.1016/j.crm.2017.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R., & Owusu-Daaku, K. N. (2016). The shifting epistemologies of vulnerability in climate services for development: The case of Mali’s agrometeorological advisory programme. Area, 48(1), 7–17. doi: 10.1111/area.12179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, E. R., Rosko, H., Onzere, S. N., Goble, R., & Kalala, T. (2018). Senegal’s multidisciplinary working group CIS model: A qualitative assessment of CIS users and their needs. Washington, D.C.: United States Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, R. (1995). Rural Development : Putting the Last first. Harlow, UK: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, R. (1997). Whose Reality Counts?: Putting the first Last. London: Intermediate Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, R. (2008). Revolutions in Development inquiry. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Climate Services Partnership. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.climate-services.org/%0D
   Google Scholar
• ClimDev-Africa. (2016). Annual Report.
   Google Scholar
• Cornwall, A. (2003). Whose Voices? Whose choices? Reflections on gender and participatory Development. World Development, 31(8), 1325–1342. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00086-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulibaly, J. Y., Kundhlande, G., Tall, A., Kaur, H., & Hansen, J. (2015). Which climate services do farmers and pastoralists need in Malawi? Baseline Study for the GFCS Adaptation Program in Africa. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Working Pa.
   Google Scholar
• Coulibaly, J. Y., Mango, J., Swamila, M., Tall, A., Kaur, H., & Hansen, J. (2015). What climate services do farmers and pastoralists need in Tanzania? Baseline study for the GFCS Adaptation Programme in Africa. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Working Pa.
   Google Scholar
• Daly, M. E., West, J. J., & Yanda, P. Z. (2016). Establishing a baseline for monitoring and evaluating user satisfaction with climate services in Tanzania. CICERO Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, REport 201.
   Google Scholar
• Dayamba, D. S., Ky-Dembele, C., Bayala, J., Dorward, P., Clarkson, G., Sanogo, D., … Zougmore, R. (2018). Assessment of the use of participatory integrated climate services for agriculture (PICSA) approach by farmers to manage climate risk in Mali and Senegal. Climate Services, doi: 10.1016/j.cliser.2018.07.003
   Google Scholar
• Department for International Development. (2014). DFID evaluation strategy 2014 to 2019. London.
   Google Scholar
• Deressa, T. T., Hassan, R. M., Ringler, C., Alemu, T., Mohamud, Y., & Yesuf, M. (2009). Determinants of farmers’ choice of adaptation methods to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. Global Environmental Change, 19(2), 248–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diallo, M. (2017a). Senegal : building a network of resilient communities. International Red Cross Foundation. Retrieved April 10, 2019, from https://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/2017/05/02/senegal-building-a-network-of-resilient-communities/
   Google Scholar
• Diallo, M. (2017b). Senegal : Fighting the spread of waterborne diseases through the provision of safe water and toilets. International Red Cross Foundation. Retrieved April 10, 2019, from https://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/2017/04/28/senegal-fighting-the-spread-of-waterborne-diseases-through-the-provision-of-safe-water-and-toilets/
   Google Scholar
• Dixon, S., & Holt, J. (2010). Livelihood Zoning and Profiling Report: Mali. Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Doblas-Reyes, F. J., García-Serrano, J., Lienert, F., Biescas, A. P., & Rodrigues, L. R. L. (2013). Seasonal climate predictability and forecasting: Status and prospects. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 4(4), 245–268. doi: 10.1002/wcc.217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorward, P., Clarkson, G., & Stern, R. (2015). Participatory integrated climate services for agriculture (PICSA): field Manual. Reading: Walker Institute, University of Reading.
   Google Scholar
• Egeru, A. (2016). Climate risk management information, sources and responses in a pastoral region in East Africa. Climate Risk Managment, 11, 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaillard, J. C. (2010). Vulnerability, capacity, and resilience: Perspectives for climate and Development policy. Journal of International Development, 22(2), 218–232. doi: 10.1002/jid
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebrehiwot, T., & van der Veen, A. (2013). Farm level adaptation to climate change: The case of farmer’s in the Ethiopian Highlands. Environmental Management, 52, 29–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glantz, M. (1977). The value of a long-range weather forecast for the West African Sahel. Bulletin American Meteorological Society, 58, 150–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grameen Foundation. (2015). Grameen Foundation, Farm Radio International, Digital Green and USAID Launch New Multimedia Food Security Initiative in Ghana as part of the New Alliance ICT Extension Challenge Fund. Retrieved from http://www.grameenfoundation.org/press-releases/grameen-foundation-farm-radio-international-digital-green-and-usaid-launch-new
   Google Scholar
• Hampson, K. J., Chapota, R., Emmanuel, J., Tall, A., Huggins-Rao, S., Leclair, M., Perkins, K., Kaur, H., & Hansen, J. (2014). Delivering climate services for farmers and pastoralists through interactive radio: Scoping report for the GFCS Adaptation Programme in Africa. (CCAFS Working Paper no. 111). Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, J. W., & Indeje, M. (2004). Linking dynamic seasonal climate forecasts with crop simulation for maize yield prediction in semi-arid Kenya. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 125(1–2), 143–157. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.02.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, J. W., Mishra, A., Rao, K. P. C., Indeje, M., & Ngugi, R. K. (2009). Potential value of GCM-based seasonal rainfall forecasts for maize management in semi-arid Kenya. Agricultural Systems, 101(1), 80–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, D., & Orr, A. (2014). Is rainfed agriculture really a pathway from poverty? Agricultural Systems, 123, 84–96. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2013.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellmuth, M., Diarra, D., Vaughan, C., & Cousin, R. (2011). Increasing Food Security with Agrometeorological Information: Mali’s National Meteorological Service Helps Farmers Manage Climate Risk. World Resources Report, 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, K. T., Roncoli, M. C., & Kirshen, P. H. (2002). Opportunities and constraints for farmers of West Africa to use seasonal precipitation forecasts with Burkina Faso as a case study. Agricultural Systems, 74(3), 331–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2009). Red Cross to launch historic Zambezi River Basin Initiative. Retrieved from https://appablog.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/red-cross-to-launch-historic-zambezi-river-basin-initiative/
   Google Scholar
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2011). Mid-Year Report: Southern Africa Regional Programme. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full_Report_2785.pdf
   Google Scholar
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2014). Sahel Annual Report. Retrieved from http://adore.ifrc.org/Download.aspx?FileId=58517
   Google Scholar
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: Southern Africa. (2010). Zambezi River Basin Initiative. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
   Google Scholar
• Kadi, M. (2010). Forecasting for Disaster : Climate Help Desk for Humanitarian Action and Decision Making in Africa. Retrieved from http://www.climate-services.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Climate_Help_Desk_Africa_Case_Study1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kirchhoff, C. J. (2013). Understanding and enhancing climate information use in water management. Climatic Change, 119(2), 495–509. doi: 10.1007/s10584-013-0703-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klopper, E., Vogel, C. H., & Landman, W. A. (2006). Seasonal climate forecasts – potential agricultural-risk management tools? Climatic Change, 76(1–2), 73–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leal, P. A. (2007). Participation: The ascendancy of a buzzword in the neo-liberal era. Development in Practice, 17(4–5), 539–548.
   Google Scholar
• Luseno, W. K., McPeak, J. G., Barrett, C. B., Little, P. D., & Gebru, G. (2003). Assessing the value of climate forecast information for pastoralists: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya. World Development, 31(9), 1477–1494. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00113-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lybbert, T. J., Barrett, C. B., McPeak, J. G., & Luseno, W. K. (2007). Bayesian herders: Updating of rainfall beliefs in response to external forecasts. World Development, 35(3), 480–497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinnon, K. (2007). Postdevelopment, professionalism, and the politics of participation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 97(4), 772–785. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00582.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meehl, G. A., Goddard, L., Boer, G., Burgman, R., Branstator, G., Cassou, C., … Yeager, S. (2014). Decadal climate prediction an update from the trenches. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 95(2), 243–267. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00241.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertz, O., Rasmussen, K., & Rasmussen, L. V. (2016). Weather and resource information as tools for dealing with farmer–pastoralist conflicts in the Sahel. Earth System Dynamics, 7, 969–976.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamedahmed, S., & Diabi, K. (2010). Climate for Development in Africa (ClimDev-Africa) Initiative. Retrieved from http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/initiatives-partnerships/climate-for-development-in-africa-climdev-africa-initiative/
   Google Scholar
• Moussa, A., & Traore, K. (2014). Background and function of the Agrometeorological advisory program. In E. R. Carr (Ed.), Assessing Mali’s direction national de la Meteorologie Agrometeorological advisory program: Preliminary Report on the climate science and farmer Use (pp. 12–18). Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• Mudombi, S., & Nhamo, G. (2014). Access to weather Forecasting and early warning information by Communal farmers in Seke and Murewa districts, Zimbabwe. J Hum Ecology, 48(3), 357–366.
   Google Scholar
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2016). SERVIR-Eastern-Southern Africa: Challenging Drought, Famine and Epidemics From Space. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/servir/africa.html
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, F., & Agrawal, A. (2008). Patronage or participation? Community-based Natural Resource management Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa. Development & Change, 39(4), 557–585. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2008.00496.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngugi, R. K., Mureithi, S. M., & Kamande, P. N. (2011). Research article climate forecast information : the status, needs and expectations Among smallholder Agro-pastoralists in Machakos district . Kenya. International Journal of Current Research, 3(11), 6–12.
   Google Scholar
• Nyamwanza, A. M., & New, M. (2016). Anticipatory adaptation and the role of decadal climate information in rural African livelihood systems. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 8(2), 236–252. doi: 10.1108/IJCCSM-03-2015-0029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onzere, S. N., Carr, E. R., Rosko, H., Kalala, T., Goble, R., & Davis, J. (2018). Rwanda’s climate services for agriculture Initiative and the participatory integrated climate services for agriculture: A qualitative assessment of CIS users and their needs. Washington, D.C.: United States Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• Orlove, B., Roncoli, C., Kabugo, M., & Majugu, A. (2010). Indigenous climate knowledge in southern Uganda: The multiple components of a dynamic regional system. Climatic Change, 100(2), 243–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patt, A. (2005). Effects of seasonal climate forecasts and participatory workshops among subsistence farmers in Zimbabwe. Proceedings for the National Academy of Sciences, 102(35), 12623–12628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patt, A. G. (2006). Trust, respect, patience, and sea surface temperatures: useful climate forecasting in Zimbabwe. Global Environmental Assessments: Information, Institutions, and Influence. MIT Press, Cambridge, 241–269.
   Google Scholar
• Patt, A., & Gwata, C. (2002). Effective seasonal climate forecast applications: Examining constraints for subsistence farmers in Zimbabwe. Global Environmental Change, 12(3), 185–195. doi: 10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00013-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patt, A., Suarez, P., & Gwata, C. (2005). Effects of seasonal climate forecasts and participatory workshops among subsistence farmers in Zimbabwe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(35), 12623–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, K., Ward, D., & Leclair, M. (2011). Participatory Radio Campaigns and food security: How radio can help farmers make informed decisions. African Farm Radio Research Initative, Farm Radio International.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, N. D., Broad, K., Orlove, B. S., Roncoli, C., Taddei, R., & Velez, M.-A. (2010). Participatory processes and climate forecast use: Socio-cultural context, discussion, and consensus. Climate and Development, 2, 14–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, J. J., & Dessai, S. (2017). Mini-me: Why do climate scientists’ misunderstand users and their needs? Environmental Science and Policy, 77(December 2016), 9–14. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.07.004
   Google Scholar
• Rader, M., Kirshen, P., Asce, M., Roncoli, C., Hoogenboom, G., & Ouattara, F. (2009). Agricultural risk decision support System for Resource-poor farmers in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 135(5), 323–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development. (2014). SERVIR Eastern and Southern Africa. Retrieved from http://www.rcmrd.org/servir/servir-esa/
   Google Scholar
• Ringler, C., Bryan, E., Hassan, R. M., Alemu, T., & Hillesland, M. (2011). How can African Agriculture Adapt to Climate Change? Insights from Ethiopia and South Africa. Research Brief Series 15. Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Roncoli, C. (2006). Ethnographic and participatory approaches to research on farmers’ responses to climate predictions. Climate Research, 33, 81–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roncoli, C., Ingram, K., & Kirshen, P. (2000). Can farmers of Burkina Faso use seasonal rainfall forecasts? Practicing Anthropology, 22(4), 24–28.
   Google Scholar
• Roncoli, C., Jost, C., Kirshen, P., Sanon, M., Ingram, K. T., Woodin, M., … Hoogenboom, G. (2009). From accessing to assessing forecasts: An end-to-end study of participatory climate forecast dissemination in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Climatic Change, 92(3–4), 433–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roncoli, C., Orlove, B. S., Kabugo, M. R., & Waiswa, M. M. (2011). Cultural styles of participation in farmers’ discussions of seasonal climate forecasts in Uganda. Agriculture and Human Values, 28(1), 123–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roudier, P., Muller, B., D’Aquino, P., Roncoli, C., Soumare, M. A., Batte, L., & Sultan, B. (2014). The role of climate forecasts in smallholder agriculture: Lessons from participatory research in two communities in Senegal. Climate Risk Management, 2, 42–55. doi: 10.1016/j.crm.2014.02.001
   Google Scholar
• SERVIR Global. (2017). SERVIR: Connecting Space to village. SERVIR Global. Retrieved April 10, 2019, from https://www.servirglobal.net/about-Servir
   Google Scholar
• Sultan, B., Barbier, B., Fortilus, J., Mbaye, S. M., & Leclerc, G. (2010). Estimating the potential economic value of seasonal forecasts in West Africa: A long-term Ex-Ante assessment in Senegal. Weather, Climate, and Society, 2(1), 69–87. doi: 10.1175/2009WCAS1022.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarchiani, V. (2015). Evaluation Report of Metagri Operational Project (2012-2015). Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• Tarhule, A., & Lamb, P. J. (2003). Climate research and seasonal forecasting for West Africans: Perceptions, dissemination, and use? Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 84(12), 1741–1760.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USAID. (2016). Evaluation: Learning from Experience: USAID Evaluation Policy. Washington, D.C. doi:10.7748/nr2013.11.21.2.5.s1.
   Google Scholar
• USAID/CINCERE. (2016). Climate information services for increased resilience and productivity in Senegal (CINSERE): Annual Performace Report. Washington, D.C., United States Agency for International Development.
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan, C., & Dessai, S. (2014). Climate services for society: Origins, institutional arrangements, and design elements for an evaluation framework. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(5), 587–603. doi: 10.1002/wcc.290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vellinga, M., Arribas, A., & Graham, R. (2013). Seasonal forecasts for regional onset of the West African monsoon. Climate Dynamics, 40(11–12), 3047–3070.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, C. D., & Shackleton, C. M. (2016). Natural Resource Use, incomes, and Poverty along the rural-Urban Continuum of Two Medium-Sized, South African Towns. World Development, 78, 80–93. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, C. T., Roncoli, C., & Ouattara, F. (2008). Local perceptions and regional climate trends on the central Plateau of Burkina Faso. Land Degradation {{}{&}{}} Development, 304(April), 289–304.
   Google Scholar
• White, C. J., Carlsen, H., Robertson, A. W., Klein, R. J. T., Lazo, J. K., Kumar, A., … Zebiak, S. E. (2017). Potential applications of subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictions. Meteorological Applications, 24(3), 315–325. doi: 10.1002/met.1654
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WMO. (2015). EVALUATION REPORT OF METAGRI OPERATIONAL PROJECT (2012-2015).
   Google Scholar
• Ziervogel, G. (2004). Targeting seasonal climate forecasts for integration into household level decisions: The case of smallholder farmers in Lesotho. The Geographical Journal, 170(1), 6–21.
   Google Scholar
• Ziervogel, G., Bithell, M., Washington, R., & Downing, T. (2005). Agent-based social simulation: A method for assessing the impact of seasonal climate forecast applications among smallholder farmers. Agricultural Systems, 83(1), 1–26. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2004.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zongo, B., Diarra, A., Barbier, B., Zorom, M., Yacouba, H., & Dogot, T. (2016). Farmers’ Perception and Willingness to Pay for climate information in Burkina Faso. Journal of Agricultural Science, 8(1), 175–187.
   Google Scholar