‘Who is going to talk about my grandad? Who is going to talk about me?’: Spatial politics in the advocacy of youth from the MENA region at COP 27

References

• Abdelmoula, I. (2022, November 2). A week in the life of a 23-year-old Tunisian climate activist preparing for COP 27. Malala.org, https://assembly.malala.org/stories/roll-call-insaf
   Google Scholar
• Abu-Rish, Z. (2015). Garbage politics. Middle East Report, 277, 35–40.
   Google Scholar
• Altaeb, M. (2022, November 9). A silenced MENA youth climate activism under COP 27, Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy. https://timep.org/commentary/analysis/a-silenced-mena-youth-climate-activism-under-cop-27/
   Google Scholar
• Altaeb, M., & Chibani, A. (2023, February 22). COP 27 provided reflection of reality and existing gaps in Libya and Tunisia climate action. The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy. https://timep.org/2023/02/22/cop27-provided-reflection-of-reality-and-existing-gaps-in-libya-and-tunisia-climate-action/
   Google Scholar
• Arab Youth Center. (2021). Arab Youth Council for climate change: Mobilizing youth for a sustainable future. Arab Youth Center. https://climate.arabyouthcenter.org/en/studies-and-research/arab-youth-s-sustainability-priorities
   Google Scholar
• Arefin, M. R. (2019). Infrastructural discontent in the sanitary city: Waste, revolt, and repression in Cairo. Antipode, 51(4), 1057–1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajracharya, D. (1994). Primary environmental care for sustainable livelihood: A UNICEF perspective. Childhood (Copenhagen, Denmark), 2, 41–55.
   Google Scholar
• Bowman, B. (2019). Imagining future worlds alongside young climate activists: A new framework for research. Fennia, 197(2), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.11143/fennia.85151
   Google Scholar
• Bowman, B. (2020). ‘They don’t quite understand the importance of what we’re doing today’: The young people’s climate strikes as subaltern activism. Sustainable Earth, 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-020-00038-x
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Bullon-Cassis, L. (2021). Beware of generationalism: The structural invisibility of BIPOC youths in global climate summits. NEOS 13(1), 1–3. https://acyig.americananthro.org/neosvol13iss1sp21/bullon-cassis/
   Google Scholar
• Chang, H. C. (2022). Climate strike or not? Intersectionality of age and culture encountered by young climate activists in Taiwan. Childhood (Copenhagen, Denmark), 29(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/09075682221074869
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles, H. W., & Jameson-Charles, M. (2022). A review of the socio-political context of youth participation in the Caribbean. In T.A. Gilberg-Roberts (Ed.), Youth participation in the Caribbean: Politics and development (pp. 16-30). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Climate Home News. (2012, November 27). COP 18: Reem Al Mealla, Arab Youth Climate Movement. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v = Gh-5FKmEpwY
   Google Scholar
• Connect4Climate. (2016, October 10). Al Rawe #Film4Climate. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v = vP-jbSxy5nQ
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1(31), 139–167.
   Google Scholar
• Democracy Now. (2012, December 3). At U.N. climate summit in Doha, Arab youth activists stage Qatar’s first-ever climate march. Democracy Now, https://www.democracynow.org/2012/12/3/at_un_climate_summit_in_doha
   Google Scholar
• Dowling, R., Lloyd, K., & Suchet-Pearson, S. (2016). Qualitative methods 1: Enriching the interview. Progress in Human Geography, 40(5), 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132515596880
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duraiappah, A. K. (2015, August 12). International Youth Day: We need to give young people a voice in decision-making. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/aug/12/international-youth-day-give-young-people-a-voice-in-decision-making
   Google Scholar
• Eide, E., & Kunelius, R. (2021). Voices of a generation the communicative power of youth activism. Climatic Change, 169(1–2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03211-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar, A. (2001). Culture sits in places: Reflections on globalism and subaltern strategies of localization. Political Geography, 20, 139–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foran, J., Ellis, C., & Gray, S. (Eds.). (2014). At the COP: Global climate justice youth speak Out. The International Institute of Climate Action & Theory.
   Google Scholar
• Foran, J., Gray, S., & Grosse, C. (2017). “Not yet the end of the world”: Political cultures of opposition and creation in the global youth climate justice movement. Interface, 9(2), 353–379.
   Google Scholar
• Global Call for Climate Action. (2012, December 1). The Doha Climate March - COP 18 Arab Climate Activists March in Doha. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v = qj_Pvu-cOsw
   Google Scholar
• Greenpeace Research Laboratories. (2022). Living on the Edge: The implications of climate change for six countries in the Middle East/North Africa Region. https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-mena-stateless/2022/11/b57fcf2f-greenpeace-living-on-the-edge-full-english.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Grosse, C., & Mark, B. (2020). A colonized COP: Indigenous exclusion and youth climate justice activism at the United Nations climate change negotiations. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 11(3), 146–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, T. (2022, August 5). Engaging the Arab youth in climate action. Impakter. https://impakter.com/engaging-the-arab-youth-in-climate-action/
   Google Scholar
• Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). Most people are not WEIRD. Nature, 466, 29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holloway, S. L., Holt, L., & Mills, S. (2018). Questions of agency: Capacity, subjectivity, spatiality and temporality. Progress in Human Geography, 43(3), 458–477. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132518757654
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmberg, A., & Alvinius, A. (2020). Children's protest in relation to the climate emergency: A qualitative study on a new form of resistance promoting political and social change. Childhood (Copenhagen, Denmark), 27, 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568219879970
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Josua, M., & Edel, M. (2021). The Arab uprisings and the return of repression, Mediterranean Politics, 26(5), 586–611. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2021.1889298
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallio, K. P., & Häkli, J. (2013). Children and young people’s politics in everyday life. Space and Polity, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2013.780710
   Google Scholar
• Kuyper, J. W., & Bäckstrand, K. (2016). Accountability and representation: Nonstate actors in UN climate diplomacy. Global Environmental Politics. 16(2), 61–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitner, H., Sheppard, E., & Sziarto, K. M. (2008). The spatialities of contentious politics. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. https://doi -org.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/10 .1111j.1475-5661.2008.00293.x
   Google Scholar
• Loschi, C. (2019). Local mobilisations and the formation of environmental networks in a democratizing Tunisia. Social Movement Studies, 18(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2018.1540974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKay, M., Parlee, B., & Karsgaard, C. (2020). Youth engagement in climate change action: Case study on indigenous youth at COP24. Sustainability, 12, 6299. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makary, M. (2022, November 17). COP 27 gives children and youth a voice through first-of-its kind pavilion. Egyptian Streets, https://egyptianstreets.com/2022/11/17/cop27-gives-children-and-youth-a-voice-through-first-of-its-kind-pavilion/
   Google Scholar
• Massey, D. (1994). A global sense of place. Marxism Today.
   Google Scholar
• Mikulewicz, M., Caretta, M. A., Sultana, F., & Crawford, N. J. W. (2023). Intersectionality and climate justice: A call for synergy in climate change scholarship. Environmental Politics, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moneer, A. (2020). Environmental activism in the post-Arab Spring: It is not about a mere clean environment. Euromed Survey. https://www.iemed.org/publication/environmental-activism-in-the-post-arab-spring-it-is-not-about-a-mere-clean-environment/
   Google Scholar
• Nakate, V. (2021). A bigger picture: My fight to bring a new African voice to the climate crisis. HarperCollins.
   Google Scholar
• Neas, S., Ward, A., & Bowman, B. (2022). Young people’s climate activism: A review of the literature. Frontiers in Political Science, 4, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2022.940876
   Google Scholar
• Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research HHS public access. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickard, S. (2022). Young environmental activists and do-it-ourselves (DIO) politics: Collective engagement, generational agency, efficacy, belonging and hope. Journal of Youth Studies, 25(6), 730–750. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2022.2046258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulido, L., & Peña, D. (1998). Environmentalism and positionality: The early pesticide campaign of the United Farm Workers’ Organizing Committee, 1965-1971. Race, Gender, and Class, 6(1), 33–50.
   Google Scholar
• Ravi, D. (2021, November 12). The climate crisis is about the Global South’s present, not the Global North’s Future. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/11/12/climate-crisis-is-global-south-today-not-global-norths-tomorrow
   Google Scholar
• Shafi, N. (2022a, January 18). As UN climate summit returns to the Middle East, Arab youth fear a lack of representation and opportunities. MEI, https://www.mei.edu/publications/un-climate-summit-returns-middle-east-arab-youth-fear-lack-representation-and
   Google Scholar
• Shafi, N. (2022b, December 16). Reflections on COP 27. Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/reflections-cop27
   Google Scholar
• Sowers, J. (2018). Environmental activism in the Middle East and north Africa. In H. Verhoeven (Ed.), Environmental politics in the Middle East (pp. 27–52). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taft, J. K. (2020). Hopeful, harmless, and heroic: Figuring the girl activist as global savior. Girlhood Studies, 13(2), 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Thew, H. (2018). Youth participation and agency in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 18(3), 369–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-018-9392-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thew, H., Middlemiss, L., & Paavola, J. (2020). “Youth is not a political position”: Exploring justice claims-making in the UN climate change negotiations. Global Environmental Change, 61(July 2019), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102036
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, L. (2022). The intersectional environmentalist. Hachette Book Group.
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. (2019). MENA Generation 2030: Investing in children and youth today to secure a prosperous region tomorrow. UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/mena/media/4141/file/MENA-Gen2030.pdf
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Climate Change. (n.d). Party groupings. [Webpage]. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/parties-non-party-stakeholders/parties/party-groupings
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Climate Change. (n.d.). YOUNGO. [Webpage]. https://unfccc.int/topics/education-youth/youth/youngo
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Program [UNDP]. (2023, January 25). Celebrating COP 27 wins for young people. UNDP. https://www.undp.org/blog/celebrating-cop27-wins-young-people
   Google Scholar
• U-Report. (2022). UNICEF Poll: African youth report reconsidering having children due to climate change at higher rate than youth from other regions. U-Report. https://ureport.in/story/1249/
   Google Scholar
• Vidal, J. (2012, December 3). Doha climate conference diary: Qatar’s first environmental march. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2012/dec/03/doha-climate-conference-diary
   Google Scholar
• Walker, C. (2020). Uneven solidarity: The school strikes for climate in global and intergenerational perspective. Sustainable Earth, 3(5), 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Zayed, D., & Sowers, J. (2014). The campaign against coal in Egypt. Middle East Report, 271, 29–35.
   Google Scholar