References
- Ahmad FB, Cisewski JA, Rossen LM, et al. Provisional drug overdose death counts. National Center for Health Statistics. 2023. www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm
- The White House. FACT SHEET: White House releases 2022 National Drug Control Strategy that outlines comprehensive path forward to address addiction and the overdose epidemic. 2022. www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/04/21/fact-sheet-white-house-releases-2022-national-drug-control-strategy-that-outlines-comprehensive-path-forward-to-address-addiction-and-the-overdose-epidemic/
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. FACT SHEET: one year after releasing its groundbreaking overdose prevention strategy, HHS announces new data showing nation has expanded its ability to treat addiction and save lives. 2022. www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/12/02/fact-sheet-hhs-announces-new-data-showing-nation-has-expanded-its-ability-treat-addiction-save-lives.html
- Baldini A, Von Korff M, Lin EHB. A review of potential adverse effects of long-term opioid therapy: a practitioner's guide. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2012;14:PCC.11m01326.
- Edlund MJ, Martin BC, Russo JE, et al. The role of opioid prescription in incident opioid abuse and dependence among individuals with chronic non-cancer pain: the role of opioid prescription. Clin J Pain. 2014;30:557–564. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000021
- Edlund MJ, Sullivan M, Steffick D, et al. Do users of regularly prescribed opioids have higher rates of substance use problems than nonusers? Pain Med. 2007;8:647–656. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00200.x
- Gomes T, Mamdani MM, Dhalla IA, et al. Opioid dose and drug-related mortality in patients with nonmalignant pain. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:686–691. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.117
- Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, et al. CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for prescribing opioids for pain – United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2022;71:1–95. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7103a1
- National Institutes of Health. The Helping to End Addiction Long-term Initiative. 2023. https://heal.nih.gov/
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Pain Management Best Practices Inter-Agency Task Force report: updates, gaps, inconsistencies, and recommendations.. 2019. www.hhs.gov/ash/advisory-committees/pain/reports/index.html
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Social determinants of health.. Healthy People 2030. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health
- World Health Organization. Social determinants of health. www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health
- Brosius DJ, Chaturvedi R, Andreae MH, et al. Social determinants of health: modeling and targeting patient propensity to attend pain clinic appointments. Pain Manag. 2023;13:151–159. doi:10.2217/pmt-2022-0059
- Shaparin N, White R, Andreae M, et al. A longitudinal linear model of patient characteristics to predict failure to attend an inner-city chronic pain clinic. J Pain. 2014;15:704–711. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.03.004
- Cheng AL, Brady BK, Bradley EC, et al. Opioid use and social disadvantage in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. PM R. 2022;14:309–319. doi:10.1002/pmrj.12596
- Men F, Fischer B, Urquia ML, et al. Food insecurity, chronic pain, and use of prescription opioids. SSM Popul Health. 2021;14:100768. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100768
- Estabrooks PA, Boyle M, Emmons KM, et al. Harmonized patient-reported data elements in the electronic health record: supporting meaningful use by primary care action on health behaviors and key psychosocial factors. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012;19:575–582. doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000576
- Institute of Medicine. Capturing social and behavioral domains and measures in electronic health records: Phase II. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press (US); 2014. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK268995/
- Vanderlip ER, Sullivan MD, Edlund MJ, et al. National study of discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy among veterans. Pain. 2014;155:2673–2679. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.034
- Goplen CM, Randall JR, Kang SH, et al. The influence of allowable refill gaps on detecting long-term opioid therapy: an analysis of population-based administrative dispensing data among patients with knee arthritis awaiting total knee arthroplasty. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2019;25:1064–1072. doi:10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.10.1064
- Martin BC, Fan MY, Edlund MJ, et al. Long-term chronic opioid therapy discontinuation rates from the TROUP study. JGen Intern Med. 2011;26:1450–1457. doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1771-0
- Penko J, Mattson J, Miaskowski C, et al. Do patients know they are on pain medication agreements? Results from a sample of high-risk patients on chronic opioid therapy. Pain Med. 2012;13:1174–1180. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01430.x
- Fishman SM, Bandman TB, Edwards A, et al. The opioid contract in the management of chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999;18:27–37. doi:10.1016/S0885-3924(99)00035-4
- Chou R, Fanciullo GJ, Fine PG, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain. J Pain. 2009;10:113–130. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.10.008
- StataCorp. Stata multiple-imputation reference manual. Stata Press. College Station, TX. www.stata.com/manuals/mi.pdf
- CMS Cell Size Suppression Policy | ResDAC. https://resdac.org/articles/cms-cell-size-suppression-policy
- Bonakdar R, Palanker D, Sweeney MM. Analysis of state insurance coverage for nonpharmacologic treatment of low back pain as recommended by the American College of Physicians Guidelines. Glob Adv Health Med. 2019;8:2164956119855629. doi:10.1177/2164956119855629
- Heyward J, Jones CM, Compton WM, et al. Coverage of nonpharmacologic treatments for low back pain among US public and private insurers. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1:e183044. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3044
- Jacobs DB, Schreiber M, Seshamani M, et al. Aligning quality measures across CMS – The Universal Foundation. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:776–779. doi:10.1056/NEJMp2215539
- Jacobs DB, Schreiber M, Seshamani M. The CMS strategy to promote equity in quality and value programs. JAMA Health Forum. 2023;4:e233557. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.3557
- Sterne JA, White IR, Carlin JB, et al. Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls. BMJ 2009;338:b2393. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2393
- Boonstra A, Broekhuis M. Barriers to the acceptance of electronic medical records by physicians from systematic review to taxonomy and interventions. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:231. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-231