References
- Chen WH, Peng J, Bi XT. A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2015;44:847–866.
- Devi L, Ptasinski KJ, Janssen, FJJG. A review of the primary measures for tar elimination in biomass gasification processes. Biomass Bioenerg. 2003;24:125–140.
- Sabil KM, Aziz MA, Lal B, et al. Effects of torrefaction on the physiochemical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fiber and kernel. Biomass Bioenerg. 2013;56:351–360.
- Stelte W, Nielsen NPK, Hansen HO, et al. Pelletizing properties of torrefied wheat straw. Biomass Bioenerg. 2013;49:214–221.
- Bergman PCA, Boersma AR, Zwart RWR, et al. Torrefaction for biomass co-firing in existing coal-fired power stations “Boicoal.” Petten (The Netherlands): ECN; 2005. (Report ECN-C-05-013).
- Agar D, Wihersaari M. Biocoal, torrefied lignocellulosic resources -Key properties for its use in co-firing with fossil coal–Their status. Biomass Bioenerg. 2012;44:107–111.
- Raut MK, Basu P, Acharya B. The Effect of torrefaction Pre-treatment on the gasification of biomass. Int J Renew Energy Biofuels. 2016;823723 (online).
- Sadhukhan AK, Gupta P, Goyal T, et al. Modelling of pyrolysis of coal–biomass blends using thermogravimetric analysis. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:8022–8026.
- Murugan P, Mahinpey N, Mani T, et al. Pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of Fosterton oil using thermogravimetric analysis. Fuel. 2009;88(9):1708–1713.
- Di Blasi C. Modeling of chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis. Prog Energ Combust. 2008;34(1):47–90.
- Chen WH, Kuo PC. Torrefaction and co-torrefaction characterization of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as well as torrefaction of some basic constituents in biomass. Energy. 2011;36(2):803–811.
- Bradbury AGW, Sakai Y, Shafizadeh F. A kinetic model for pyrolysis of cellulose. J Appl Polym Sci. 1979;23(11):3271–3280.
- Varhegyei G, Bobaly B, Jakab E, et al. Thermogravimetric study of biomass pyrolysis kinetics, A distributed activation energy model with prediction tests. Energ Fuel. 2011;25(1):24–32.
- Rousset, P, Turner I, Donnot A, et al. The choice of a low-temperature pyrolysis model at the microscopic level for use in a macroscopic formulation. Ann for Sci. 2006;63(2):1–17.
- Di Blasi C. Heat momentum and mass transport through a shrinking biomass particle exposed to thermal radiation. Chem Eng Sci. 1996;51(7):1121–1132.
- Di Blasi C, Lanzetta M. Intrinsic kinetics of isothermal xylan degradation in inert atmosphere. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 1997;40(1):287–303.
- Prins MJ, Ptasinski KJ, Janssen FJJG. Torrefaction of wood Part 1.Weight loss kinetics. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 2006;77(1):28–34.
- Sadhukhan AK, Gupta P, Saha RK. Modelling of pyrolysis of large wood particles. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100:3134–3139.
- Santos KG, Lira TS, Gianesella M, et al. Bagasse pyrolysis: a comparative study of kinetic models. Chem Eng Commun. 2012;199(1):109–121.
- Peng JH, Bi XT, Lim J, et al. Development of torrefaction kinetics for British Columbia softwoods. Int J Chem React Eng. 2012;10(1):1542–6580 (ISSN online).
- Gaur S, Reed TB. Thermal data for natural and synthetic materials. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1998.
- Sadhukhan AK. Modelling and simulation of pyrolysis and combustion of coal and bio- mass [Ph.D. thesis]. Durgapur (India): National Institute of Technology; 2010.
- Koufopanos CA, Papayannakos, N, Maschio G, et al. Modelling of the pyrolysis of biomass particles: studies on kinetics thermal and heat transfer effects. Canad J Chem Eng. 1991;69:907–915.
- Repellin V, Govin A, Rolland M, et al. Modelling anhydrous weight loss of wood chips during torrefaction in a pilot kiln. Biomass Bioenerg. 2011;34:02–09.
- Orfao JJM, Antunes FJA, Figueiredo JL. Pyrolysis kinetics of lignocellulosic materials- three independent reactions model. Fuel. 1999;78:349–358.
- Pyle DL, Zaror CA. Heat transfer and kinetics in the low temperature pyrolysis of solids. Chem Eng Sci. 1984;39(1):147–158.
- Babu BV, Chaurasia AS. Heat transfer and kinetics in the pyrolysis of shrinking biomass particle. Chem Eng Sci. 2004;59:1999–2012.
- Chern JS, Hayhurst AN. A simple theoretical analysis of the pyrolysis of an isothermal particle of coal. Combust Flame. 2010;157:925–933.
- Sadhukhan AK, Gupta P, Saha RK. Modeling and experimental investigations on the pyrolysis of large coal particles. Energy Fuels. 2011;25:5573–5583.