Delayed cerebral thrombosis complicating bacterial meningitis

References

• Weisfelt M, van de Beek D, Spanjaard L, et al. Clinical features, complications, and outcome in adults with pneumococcal meningitis: a prospective case series. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(2):123–129.
   Google Scholar
• Engelen-Lee JY, Brouwer MC, Aronica E, et al. Pneumococcal meningitis: clinical-pathological correlations (MeninGene-Path). Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2016;4(1):26.
   Google Scholar
• van de Beek D, Brouwer M, Hasbun R, et al. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16074.
   Google Scholar
• Klein M, Koedel U, Pfefferkorn T, et al. Arterial cerebrovascular complications in 94 adults with acute bacterial meningitis. Crit Care. 2011;15(6):R281.
   Google Scholar
• Kastenbauer S, Pfister HW. Pneumococcal meningitis in adults: spectrum of complications and prognostic factors in a series of 87 cases. Brain. 2003;126(Pt 5):1015–1025.
   Google Scholar
• Katchanov J, Heuschmann PU, Endres M, et al. Cerebral infarction in bacterial meningitis: predictive factors and outcome. J Neurol. 2010;257(5):716–720.
   Google Scholar
• Pfister HW, Borasio GD, Dirnagl U, et al. Cerebrovascular complications of bacterial meningitis in adults. Neurology. 1992;42(8):1497–1504.
   Google Scholar
• Pfister HW, Feiden W, Einhäupl KM. Spectrum of complications during bacterial meningitis in adults. Results of a prospective clinical study. Arch Neurol. 1993;50(6):575–581.
   Google Scholar
• Schut ES, Brouwer MC, de Gans J, et al. Delayed cerebral thrombosis after initial good recovery from pneumococcal meningitis. Neurology. 2009;73(23):1988–1995.
   Google Scholar
• Engelen-Lee JY, Brouwer MC, Aronica E, et al. Delayed cerebral thrombosis complicating pneumococcal meningitis: an autopsy study. Ann Intensive Care. 2018;8(1):20.
   Google Scholar
• Lucas MJ, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D. Delayed cerebral thrombosis in bacterial meningitis: a prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(5):866–871.
   Google Scholar
• Kato Y, Takeda H, Dembo T, et al. Delayed recurrent ischemic stroke after initial good recovery from pneumococcal meningitis. Intern Med. 2012;51(6):647–650.
   Google Scholar
• Rice CM, Ramamoorthi M, Renowden SA, et al. Cerebral ischaemia in the context of improving, steroid-treated pneumococcal meningitis. Qjm. 2012;105(5):473–475.
   Google Scholar
• Gallegos C, Tobolowsky F, Nigo M, et al. Delayed cerebral injury in adults with bacterial meningitis: a novel complication of adjunctive steroids? Crit Care Med. 2018;46(8):e811–e4.
   Google Scholar
• Kawaguchi T, Ogawa Y, Inoue T, et al. Cerebral arteritis with extremely late onset secondary to bacterial meningitis - case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2011;51(4):302–305.
   Google Scholar
• Mizrahi A, Marvaud JC, Pilmis B, et al. Emergence of ceftriaxone resistance during a case of pneumococcal meningitis with fatal evolution. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64(3):3.
   Google Scholar
• Wittebole X, Duprez T, Hantson P. Delayed cerebral ischaemic injury following apparent recovery from Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Acta Clin Belg. 2016;71(5):343–346.
   Google Scholar
• Costerus JM, Brouwer MC, van der Ende A, et al. Repeat lumbar puncture in adults with bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(5):428–433.
   Google Scholar
• Kannoth S, Thomas SV. Intracranial microbial aneurysm (infectious aneurysm): current options for diagnosis and management. Neurocrit Care. 2009;11(1):120–129.
   Google Scholar
• Pagnoux C, Cohen P, Guillevin L. Vasculitides secondary to infections. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24(2 Suppl 41):S71–81.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhut M. The potential role of steroid-induced cerebral vasospasm in the pathogenesis of delayed cerebral injury in bacterial meningitis. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(8):1383–1384.
   Google Scholar
• van Ettekoven CN, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC. Update on community-acquired bacterial meningitis: guidance and challenges. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(9):601–606.
   Google Scholar
• Koelman DLH, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D. Targeting the complement system in bacterial meningitis. Brain. 2019;142(11):3325–3337.
   Google Scholar
• Ross SC, Densen P. Complement deficiency states and infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis and consequences of neisserial and other infections in an immune deficiency. Medicine (Baltimore). 1984;63(5):243–273.
   Google Scholar
• Brouwer MC, de Gans J, Heckenberg SG, et al. Host genetic susceptibility to pneumococcal and meningococcal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(1):31–44.
   Google Scholar
• Woehrl B, Klein M, Grandgirard D, et al. Bacterial meningitis: current therapy and possible future treatment options. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2011;9(11):1053–1065.
   Google Scholar
• Ritis K, Doumas M, Mastellos D, et al. A novel C5a receptor-tissue factor cross-talk in neutrophils links innate immunity to coagulation pathways. J Immunol. 2006;177(7):4794–4802. .
   Google Scholar
• Kourtzelis I, Markiewski MM, Doumas M, et al. Complement anaphylatoxin C5a contributes to hemodialysis-associated thrombosis. Blood. 2010;116(4):631–639. .
   Google Scholar
• Kambas K, Markiewski MM, Pneumatikos IA, et al. C5a and TNF-alpha up-regulate the expression of tissue factor in intra-alveolar neutrophils of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Immunol. 2008;180(11):7368–7375. .
   Google Scholar
• Wojta J, Kaun C, Zorn G, et al. C5a stimulates production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human mast cells and basophils. Blood. 2002;100(2):517–523. .
   Google Scholar
• Greenbaum LA, Fila M, Ardissino G, et al. Eculizumab is a safe and effective treatment in pediatric patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Kidney Int. 2016;89(3):701–711. .
   Google Scholar
• Dhillon S. Eculizumab: A Review in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. Drugs. 2018;78(3):367–376.
   Google Scholar
• Hillmen P, Young NS, Schubert J, et al. The complement inhibitor eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(12):1233–1243. .
   Google Scholar