Microeconomic analysis of private returns to education in Egypt: an instrumental variable quantile regression approach

References

• Arabsheibani, G., Carneiro, F., & Henley, A. (2003). Human capital and earnings inequality in Brazil, 1988–98: Quantile regression evidence. The World Bank. https://ssrn.com/abstract=454201
   Google Scholar
• Arabsheibani, G.R, & Staneva, A. (2012). Returns to education in Russia: Where there is risky sexual behaviour there is also an instrument. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). http://hdl.handle.net/10419/62513
   Google Scholar
• Assaad, R., Aydemir, A., Dayioglu, M., & Kirdar, G. (2016, May). Returns to Schooling in Egypt. Economic Research Forum. https://erf.org.eg/app/uploads/2016/05/1000.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Balestra, S., & Backes-Gellner, U. (2017). Heterogeneous returns to education over the wage distribution: Who profits the most? Labour Economics, 44, 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2017.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barouni, M., & Broecke, S. (2014). The returns to education in Africa: Some new estimates. The Journal of Development Studies, 50(12), 1593–1613. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.936394
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boushey, H., & Weller, C. (2005). What the numbers tell us. In James Lardner & David Smith (Eds.), Inequality matters: The growing economic divide in America and its poisonous consequences (pp. 27–40). New York: New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Caluban, P. T. T. (2016). The impact of education on wage inequality in the Philippines: A two- stage quantile regression approach (Doctoral dissertation, De La Salle University- Manila).
   Google Scholar
• Card, D. (1999). The causal effect of education on earnings. In O Ashenfelter & D Card (Eds.), Handbook of labor economics (Vol. 3) (pp. 1801–1863). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4463(99)03011-4
   Google Scholar
• Chernozhukov, V., & Hansen, C. (2008). Instrumental variable quantile regression: A robust inference approach. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernozhukov, V., & Hansen, C. (2013). Quantile models with endogeneity. Annual Review of Economics, 5(1), 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110952
   Google Scholar
• Chletsos, M., & Roupakias, S.. (2020). Education and wage inequality before and during the fiscal crisis: A quantile regression analysis for Greece 2006–2016.. Review of Development Economics, 24(4), 1333–1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colclough, C., Kingdon, G., & Patrinos, H. (2010). The changing pattern of wage returns to education and its implications. Development Policy Review, 28(6), 733–747. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2010.00507.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dougherty, C. (2005). Why are the returns to schooling higher for women than for men? Journal of Human Resources, 40(4), 969–988. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.XL.4.969
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downey, D. (2001). Number of siblings and intellectual development. The resource dilution explanation. American Psychologist, 56(6–7), 497–504. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.6-7.497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Economic Research Forum and Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics (CAPMAS), Egypt labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS). (2012). Version 3.0 of the Licensed data files (November, 2013), provided by the Economic Research Forum. http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog.
   Google Scholar
• Economic Research Forum and Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistics (CAPMAS), Egypt labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS). (2018). Version 2.0 of the Licensed data files (October, 2019), provided by the Economic Research Forum. http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog.
   Google Scholar
• El-Hamidi, F. (2006). General or vocational schooling? Evidence on school choice, returns, and'sheepskin'effects from Egypt 1998. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 9(2), 157–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/13841280600772861
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsayed, A., & Marie, O.. (2021). Less school (costs), more (female) education? Lessons from Egypt reducing years of compulsory schooling. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3636631
   Google Scholar
• Fiszbein, A., Giovagnoli, P. I., & Patrinos, H. A. (2007). Estimating the returns to education in Argentina using quantile regression analysis: 1992–2002. Económica, 53. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46508112_Estimating_the_Returns_to_Education_in_Argentina_Using_Quantile_Regression_Analysis_1992-2002
   Google Scholar
• Garasky, S. (1995). The effect of family structure on educational attainment: Do the effects vary by the age of the child? American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 54(1), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1995.tb02633.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habibi, N., & El Hamidi, F.. (2016). Why are Egyptian Youth Burning Their University Diplomas? The Overeducation Crisis in Egypt. Brandeis University. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3054086
   Google Scholar
• Harmon, C., Oosterbeek, H., & Walker, I. (2003). The returns to education: Microeconomics. Journal of Economic Surveys, 17(2), 115–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6419.00191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemmali, H., & El Hamidi, F.. (2018, September). Does It Still Pay to Go to College in Egypt? Decomposition Analysis of Wage Differentials for College and Non-College Graduates . Economic Research Forum. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3596859
   Google Scholar
• Knight, J., & Song, L. (2003). Increasing urban wage inequality in China: Extent, elements and evaluation. Economics of Transition, 11(4), 597–619. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0967-0750.2003.00168.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenker, R., & Bassett, Jr, G. (1978). Regression quantiles. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 33–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913643
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krafft, C.. (2018). Is School the Best Route to Skills? Returns to Vocational School and Vocational Skills in Egypt. The Journal of Development Studies , 1100–1120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2017.1329524
   Google Scholar
• Lipton, M. (1977). Why poor people stay poor: A study of urban bias in world development. Temple Smith; Australian National University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Martins, P. S., & Pereira, P. T. (2004). Does education reduce wage inequality? Quantile regression evidence from 16 countries. Labour Economics, 11(3), 355–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2003.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, experience, and earnings. Human Behavior & Social Institutions No. 2.
   Google Scholar
• Montenegro, C. E., & Patrinos, H. A. (2014). Comparable estimates of returns to schooling around the world. The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Mwabu, G., & Schultz, T. P. (1996). Education returns across quantiles of the wage function: Alternative explanations for returns to education by race in South Africa. The American Economic Review, 86(2), 335–339. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2118148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OAMDI. (2016a). Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS). Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; LFS 2012-Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF). http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/
   Google Scholar
• OAMDI. (2016b). Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS). Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; LFS 2013-Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF). http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/
   Google Scholar
• OAMDI. (2018a). Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS). Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; LFS 2010- Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF). http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/
   Google Scholar
• OAMDI. (2018b). Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS. Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; LFS 2015-Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF)). http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/
   Google Scholar
• OAMDI. (2018c). Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS). Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; LFS 2016-Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF). http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/
   Google Scholar
• OAMDI. (2019a). Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS). Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; LFS 2008-Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF). http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/
   Google Scholar
• OAMDI. (2019b). Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS). Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; LFS 2017-Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF). l
   Google Scholar
• OAMDI. (2021). Harmonized Labor Force Surveys (HLFS). Version 1.0 of Licensed Data Files; LFS 2017-Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). Egypt: Economic Research Forum (ERF) http://erf.org.eg/data-portal/
   Google Scholar
• Patrinos, H. A., Psacharopoulos, G., & Tansel, A. (2019). Returns to investment in education: The case of Turkey. The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Psacharopoulos, G. (1994). Returns to investment in education: A global update. World Development, 22(9), 1325–1343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(94)90007-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos, H. A.. (2018). RETURNS TO INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION: A DECENNIAL REVIEW OF THE GLOBAL LITERATURE. Education Economics , 26(5), 445–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2018.1484426
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos*, H. A. (2004). Returns to investment in education: A further update. Education Economics, 12(2), 111–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/0964529042000239140
   Google Scholar
• Rizk, R. (2019). Returns to education in MENA countries: A continuing story of under-achievement. International Journal of Education Economics and Development, 10(4), 427–448. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEED.2019.102751
   Google Scholar
• Salehi-isfahani, D. (2009). Education and earnings in the Middle East: A comparative study of returns to schooling. Economic Research Forum Working Paper (No. 504).
   Google Scholar
• Salehi-Isfahani, D., Tunali, I., & Assaad, R. (2009). A comparative study of returns to education of urban men in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey. Middle East Development Journal, 1(2), 145–187. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793812009000085
   Google Scholar
• Trostel, P., Walker, I., & Woolley, P. (2002). Estimates of the economic return to schooling for 28 countries. Labour Economics, 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371(01)00052-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzannatos, Z., Diwan, I., & Ahad, J. A. (2016). Rates of return to education in twenty two Arab countries: An update and comparison between MENA and the rest of the world. Economic Research Forum, Working Paper (No. 1007).
   Google Scholar
• Walker, I., & Zhu, Y.. (2001). The Returns to Education: Evidence from the Labour Force Surveys. Coventry: Department of Economics University of Warwick. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/id/eprint/4656
   Google Scholar
• Wang, L. (2013). How does education affect the earnings distribution in urban China? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 75(3), 435–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2012.00697.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar