The Influence of Foundation Phase Male Teachers on Their Learners: A Musical Perspective

REFERENCES

• Bem, Sandra Lipsitz. 1983. “Gender Schema Theory and Its Implications for Child Development: Raising Gender-Aschematic Children in a Gender-Schematic Society.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 8 (4): 598–616. https://doi.org/10.1086/493998.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkman, David J., Jelle Tichelaar, Michiel A. van Agtmael, Theo P. G. M. de Vries, and Milan C. Richir. 2015. “Self-Reported Confidence in Prescribing Skills Correlates Poorly with Assessed Competence in Fourth-Year Medical Students.” The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 55 (7): 825–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, Patricia Shehan, and Carol Scott-Kassner. 2018. Music in Childhood Enhanced: From Preschool through the Elementary Grades, Spiral bound Version. Boston: Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Cooney, Margaret H., and Mark T. Bittner. 2001. “Men in Early Childhood Education: Their Emergent Issues.” Early Childhood Education Journal 29 (2): 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012564610349.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, John W., and Amanda L. Garrett. 2008. “The ‘Movement’ of Mixed Methods Research and the Role of Educators.” South African Journal of Education 28 (3): 321–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, John W., and J. David Creswell. 2017. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. California: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, Ryan A., and Julie K. Scott. 2014. “The Effects of Vocal Register Use and Age on the Perceived Vocal Health of Male Elementary Music Teachers.” Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 33 (1): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755123314521038.
   Google Scholar
• Goetze, Mary, Nancy Cooper, and Carol J. Brown. 1990. “Recent Research on Singing in the General Music Classroom.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, no. 104, 16–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, Georgia A. 1990. “The Effect of Vocal Modeling on Pitch-Matching Accuracy of Elementary Schoolchildren.” Journal of Research in Music Education 38 (3): 225–31. https://doi.org/10.2307/3345186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, Lucy. 2017. How Popular Musicians Learn: A Way Ahead for Music Education. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315253169.
   Google Scholar
• Guba, Egon G., and Yvonna S. Lincoln. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. 357–82. California: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hallam, Susan. 2010. “The Power of Music: Its Impact on the Intellectual, Social and Personal Development of Children and Young People.” International Journal of Music Education 28 (3): 269–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761410370658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedden, Debra. 2012. “An Overview of Existing Research about Children’s Singing and the Implications for Teaching Children to Sing.” Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 30 (2): 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755123312438516.
   Google Scholar
• Hendley, J. Andrew, and Diane Cummings Persellin. 1996. “How the Lower Adult Male Voice and the Male Falsetto Voice Affect Children’s Vocal Accuracy.” Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 14 (2): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/875512339601400203.
   Google Scholar
• Kenney, Susan. 1997. “Music in the Developmentally Appropriate Integrated Curriculum.” Integrated Curriculum and Developmentally Appropriate Practice: Birth to Age Eight: 103–44.
   Google Scholar
• Kenney, Susan. 2011. “Teaching Young Children How to Sing: One School’s Experience.” General Music Today 24 (2): 52–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/1048371310385803.
   Google Scholar
• Jinyoung, Kim, 2000. “Children’s Pitch Matching, Vocal Range, and Developmentally Appropriate Practice.” Journal of Research in Childhood Education 14 (2): 152–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568540009594760.
   Google Scholar
• Klinger, Rita, Patricia Shehan Campbell, and Thomas Goolsby. 1998. “Approaches to Children’s Song Acquisition: Immersion and Phrase-by-Phrase.” Journal of Research in Music Education 46 (1): 24–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/3345757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyon, John T. 1993. “Teaching All Students to Sing on Pitch: Almost Anyone Can Learn to Sing in Tune. John T. Lyon Offers Some Pointers for Teachers Faced with Classes Consisting of a Mix of Good Singers and Uncertain Singers.” Music Educators Journal 80 (2): 20–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/3398687.
   Google Scholar
• Mabuza, M. Correspondent, email message to author, regarding African male voice. May 7, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Madigan, Elinor M., Marianne Goodfellow, and Jeffrey A. Stone. 2007. “Gender, Perceptions, and Reality: Technological Literacy among First-Year Students.” In ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 39 (1): 410–14. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1227504.1227453.
   Google Scholar
• Mapana, Kedmon, Patricia Shehan Campbell, Christopher Roberts, and Christopher Mena. 2016. “An Earful of Africa: Insights from Tanzania on Music and Music Learning.” College Music Symposium 56.
   Google Scholar
• Mashiya, Nontokozo. 2014. “Becoming a (Male) Foundation Phase Teacher: A Need in South African Schools?” South African Journal of Childhood Education 4 (3): 24–36. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v4i3.224.
   Google Scholar
• Mashiya, Nontokozo, Lyn Kok, Nosipho Luthuli, Smangele Xulu, and Zanele Mtshali. 2015. “Foregrounding the Gender Divides in Early Childhood Teacher Education: A Case of South Africa.” Journal of Social Sciences 42 (3): 259–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2015.11893413.
   Google Scholar
• McGraw, Alice Gwendolyn Blair. 1996. “An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vocalises in Training Elementary School Children to Sing Using Head Voice.” DMA diss., University of Georgia.
   Google Scholar
• Mizener, Charlotte P. 2008. “Our Singing Children: Developing Singing accuracy.” General Music Today 21 (3): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1048371308317086.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, Randall S. 1991. “Comparison of Children’s and Adults’ Vocal Ranges and Preferred Tessituras in Singing Familiar Songs.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education: 13–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nye, Robert Evans, and Vernice Trousdale Nye. 1985. Music in the Elementary School. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, Kenneth Harold. 1992. Teaching Kids to Sing. New York: Schirmer.
   Google Scholar
• Persellin, Diane. 2003. “Teaching Songs to Young Children: What Do Music-Teacher Educators Say?” General Music Today 17 (1): 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/10483713030170010105.
   Google Scholar
• Persellin, Diane, and Laura Bateman. 2009. “A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Two Song- Teaching Methods: Holistic vs. Phrase-by-Phrase.” Early Child Development and Care 179 (6): 799–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430902944841.
   Google Scholar
• Petersen, Nadine. 2014. “The ‘Good,’the ‘Bad’and the ‘Ugly’? Views on Male Teachers in Foundation Phase Education.” South African Journal of Education 34 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.15700/201412120926.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, Harry E., Cornelia Yarbrough, Merilyn Jones, and Randall S. Moore. 1994. “Effects of Male timbre, Falsetto, and Sine-Wave Models on Interval Matching by Inaccurate Singers.” Journal of Research in Music Education 42 (4): 269–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/3345736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, Carol. 1999. “Early Childhood Preservice Teachers’ Confidence in Singing.” Journal of Music Teacher Education 9 (1): 6–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/105708379900900103.
   Google Scholar
• Rentzou, Konstantina. 2011. “Greek parents’ Perceptions of Male Early Childhood Educators.” Early Years 31 (2): 135–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2010.530247.
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds, G. 2008. “Singing Ability and Characteristics among Young Children.” Kodaly Envoy: 24–25.
   Google Scholar
• Roe, P. F. 1983. Choral Music Education. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Sims, Wendy L., Randall S. Moore, and Terry L. Kuhn. 1982. “Effects of Female and Male Vocal Stimuli, Tonal Pattern Length, and Age on Vocal Pitch-Matching Abilities of Young Children from England and the United States.” Psychology of Music, special issue: 104–108.
   Google Scholar
• Shostak, Marjorie. 2014. Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman. Cambridge: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315070209.
   Google Scholar
• Small, Ann R., and Frances L. McCachern. 1983. “The Effect of Male and Female Vocal Modeling on Pitch-Matching Accuracy of First-Grade Children.” Journal of Research in Music Education 31 (3): 227–33. https://doi.org/10.2307/3345175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumsion, Jennifer. 2000. “Rewards, Risks and Tensions: Perceptions of Males Enrolled in an Early Childhood Teacher Education Programme.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education 28 (1): 87–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/135986600109462.
   Google Scholar
• Swears, Linda. 1985. Teaching the Elementary School Chorus. Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2014. “BLS Reports, May Report 1049.” Accessed November 13, 2014. https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2013.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Winsler, Adam, Lesley Ducenne, and Amanda Koury. 2011. “Singing One’s Way to Self-Regulation: The Role of Early Music and Movement Curricula and Private Speech.” Early Education and Development 22 (2): 274–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280903585739.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, Susan. 2003. “Ways of Knowing in the Arts.” In Children, Meaning-Making and the Arts, edited by Susan Wright, 1–33. Frenchs Forest: Pearson Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Yarbrough, Cornelia, Judy Bowers, and Wilma Benson. 1992. “The Effect of Vibrato on the Pitch-Matching Accuracy of Certain and Uncertain Singers.” Journal of Research in Music Education 40 (1): 30–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarbrough, Cornelia, Georgia Green, Wilma Benson, and Judy Bowers. 1991. “Inaccurate Singers: An Exploratory Study of Variables Affecting Pitch-Matching.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, no. 107, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/3345772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar