Effect of digestible threonine on performance, egg quality, blood metabolites, and immune responses in laying hens fed a wheat-based diet in the second cycle

References

• Abdel-Wareth AAA, Esmail ZSH. 2014. Some productive, egg quality and serum metabolic profile responses due to l-threonine supplementation to laying hen diets. Asian J Poultry Sci. 8(3):75–81.
   Google Scholar
• Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R, Golian A, Zarghi H. 2016a. Effect of dietary digestible lysine concentration on performance, egg quality, and blood metabolites in laying hens. J Appl Poult Res. 25(4):506–517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R, Golian A, Zarghi H. 2016b. Effect of digestible methionine + cystine concentration on performance, egg quality and blood metabolites in laying hens. Br Poult Sci. 57(3):403–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allahdo P, Ghodraty J, Zarghi H, Saadatfar Z, Kermanshahi H, Edalatian Dovom MR. 2018. Effect of probiotic and vinegar on growth performance, meat yields, immune responses, and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci. 17(3):675–685.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOAC. 2002. Official methods of analysis. 15th ed. Arlington (VA): Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
   Google Scholar
• Applegate TJ, Onyango EM, Angel R, Powers WJ. 2009. Effect of amino acid formulation and dietary direct-fed microbial supplementation on egg production and egg characteristics in laying hens. J App Poult Res. 18(3):552–561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azzam MMM, Dong XY, Xie P, Wang C, Zou XT. 2011. The effect of supplemental L-threonine on laying performance, serum free amino acids, and immune function of laying hens under high-temperature and high-humidity environmental climates. J Appl Poult Res. 20(3):361–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azzam MMM, Yuan C, Liu GH, Zou XT. 2014. Effect of excess dietary threonine on laying performance, egg quality, serum free amino acids, and digestive enzymes activities of laying hens during the postpeak period. J Appl Poult Res. 23(4):605–613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso AS, Costa FGP, Ramalho de LM, Nogueira ET, Santos CS, Barboza de SR, Lima RC, Vieira DVG. 2014. Nutritional requirement of digestible threonine for white egg layers of 60 to 76 weeks of age. J Appl Poult Res. 23(4):724–728.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi MS, Speers GM. 1976. Effects of dietary protein and lysine levels on plasma amino acids, nitrogen retention and egg prouduction in laying hens. J Nutr. 106(8):1192–1201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coon C, Zhang B. 1999. Ideal amino acid profile for layers examined. Feedstuffs. 71(14):13–15.
   Google Scholar
• Defa L, Changting X, Shiyan Q, Jinhui Z, Johnson EW, Thacker PA. 1999. Effects of dietary threonine on performance, plasma parameters and immune function of growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 78(3–4):179–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingues CHF, Sgavioli S, Praes MFFM, Duarte KF, Castiblanco DMC, Santos ET, Alva JCR, Junqueira OM. 2012. Lysine and methionine + cystine for laying hens during the post-molting phase. Rev Bras Cienc Avic. 14(3):187–192.
   Google Scholar
• Dozier IWA, Moran JET, Kidd M. 2000. Threonine requirement of broiler males from 42 to 56 days in a summer environment. J Appl Poult Res. 9(4):496–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faria DE, Harms RH, Russell GB. 2002. Threonine requirement of commercial laying hens fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Poult Sci. 81(6):809–814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez SR, Aoyagi S, Han Y, Parsons CM, Baker DH. 1994. Limiting order of amino acids in corn and soybean meal for growth of the chick. Poult Sci. 73(12):1887–1896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueiredo GO, Bertechini AG, Fassani EJ, Rodrigues PB, Brito JÁ, Castro SF. 2012. Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with dietary levels of digestible lysine and threonine. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 64(3):743–750.
   Google Scholar
• Fouad AM, Zhang HX, Chen W, Xia WG, Ruan D, Wang S, Zheng CT. 2016. Estimation of L-threonine requirements for Longyan laying ducks. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 30(2):206–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghavi S, Zarghi H, Golian A. 2021. Estimation of digestible sulphur amino acids requirements for growth performance and immune responses to Newcastle disease and avian influenza vaccination in broilers. Ital J Anim Sci. 20(1):1002–1014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez S, Angeles M. 2009. Effect of threonine and methionine levels in the diet of laying hens in the second cycle of production. J Appl Poult Res. 18(3):452–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huyghebaert G, Butler EA. 1991. Optimum threonine requirement of laying hens. Br Poult Sci. 32(3):575–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishibashi T, Ogawa Y, Itoh T, Fujimura S, Koide K, Watanabe R. 1998. Threonine requirements of laying hens. Poult Sci. 77(7):998–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadam MM, Bhanja SK, Mandal AB, Thakur R, Vasan P, Bhattacharyya A, Tyagi JS. 2008. Effect of in ovo threonine supplementation on early growth, immunological responses and digestive enzyme activities in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci. 49(6):736–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khatibi SMR, Zarghi H, Golian A. 2021. Effect of diet nutrients density on performance and egg quality of laying hens during the post-peak production phase of the first laying cycle under subtropical climate. Ital J Anim Sci. 20(1):559–570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd MT. 2004. Nutritional modulation of immune function in broilers. Poult Sci. 83(4):650–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd MT, Gerard PD, Heger J, Kerr BJ, Rowe D, Sistani K, Burnham DJ. 2001. Threonine and crude protein responses in broiler chicks. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 94(1-2):57–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd MT, Kerr BJ. 1996. L-threonine for poultry: a review. J Appl Poult Res. 5(4):358–367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koelkebeck KW, Baker DH, Han Y, Parsons CM. 1991. Research note: effect of excess lysine, methionine, threonine, or tryptophan on production performance of laying hens. Poult Sci. 70(7):1651–1653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mao X, Zeng X, Qiao SY, Wu G, Li D. 2011. Specific roles of threonine in intestinal mucosal integrity and barrier function. Front Biosci. 3(1192):1192–1200.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Amezcua C, Laparra-Vega JL, Avila-Gonzalez E, Fuente F, Jinez T, Kidd MT. 1999. Dietary L-threonine responses in laying hens. J Appl Poult Res. 8(2):236–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• mHy-Line. 2019. Hy-line variety W-36 commercial management guide 2016. West Des Moines (IA): Hy-Line International. Hy-Line International.
   Google Scholar
• Morris TR, Gous RM. 1988. Partitioning of the response to protein between egg number and egg weight. Br Poult Sci. 29(1):93–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC. 1994. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals: Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nunes RV, Agustini MAB, Takahashi SE, Murakami AE, De Souza C, Schneiders SE, Polese C. 2015. Nutritional requirement of digestible threonine for brown-egg laying hens from 50 to 66 weeks of age. Sem Ci Agr. 36(6):3877–3885.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quentin M, Bouvarel I, Picard M. 2005. Effects of the starter diet, light intensity, and essential amino acids level on growth and carcass composition of broilers. J Appl Poult Res. 14(1):69–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins KR, Saxton AM, Southern LL. 2006. Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. J Anim Sci. 84:155–165.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sá LM, Gomes PC, Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, D’Agostini P. 2007. Exigência nutricional de lisina digestível para galinhas poedeiras no período de 34 a 50 semanas de idade. R Bras Zootec. 36(6):1829–1836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS. 2003. SAS User’s guide: Statistics. Version 9. 1st ed. Cary (NC): SAS Inst. Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt M, Gomes PC, Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Nunes CGV, Nunes RV. 2011. Níveis nutricionais de treonina digestível para poedeiras leves no segundo ciclo de produção. R Bras Zootec. 40(1):148–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutte JB. 1998. The ideal amino acid profile for laying hens and broiler chicks. Pages 33–39 in Proceedings of the 1998 Arkansas Nutrition Conference; Fayetteville, AR.
   Google Scholar
• Tabatabaei Y, Golian A, Zarghi H, Varidi M. 2017. Effect of wheat-soy diet nutrient density and guanidine acetic acid supplementation on performance and energy metabolism in broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci. 16(4):593–600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi K, Konashi S, Akiba Y, Horiguchi M. 1994. Effects of dietary threonine level on antibody production in growing broilers. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 65(10):956–960.
   Google Scholar
• UFFDA. 1992. User-friendly feed formulation done again University of Georgia. Athens (GA): UFFDA.
   Google Scholar
• Valério SR, Soares PR, Rostagno HS, Almeida e Silva M, Albino LFT, Lana GRQ, Goulart C, Kill JL. 2000. Determination of threonine nutritional requirement for white-egg and brown-egg laying hens. Rev Bras Zootec. 29(2):518–524.
   Google Scholar
• Wang X, Qiao SY, Liu M, Ma YX. 2006. Effects of graded levels of true ileal digestible threonine on performance, serum parameters and immune function of 10–25 kg pigs. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 129(3–4):264–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber GM, Machander V, Schierle J, Aureli R, Roos F, Pérez-Vendrell AM. 2013. Tolerance of poultry against an overdose of canthaxanthin as measured by performance, different blood variables and post-mortem evaluation. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 186(1–2):91–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarghi H, Golian A, Nikbakhtzade M. 2020. Effect of dietary digestible lysine level on growth performance, blood metabolites and meat quality of broilers 23–38 days of age. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 104(1):156–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar