849
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

From painful places to commemorative landscapes: Utøya in Norway

References

  • 22 July Commission (2012), ‘Rapport fra 22. Juli-kommisjonen’, NOU 2012: 14 [website], www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/smk/doc-uments/nou-er/2012/nou-2012-14.html?id=697260, accessed 13 September 2012.
  • Berg, O. (2001), ‘Karen Reistad: en pioner i norsk landskapsarkitektur’, Master’s thesis (NLH Ås Norway, 2001).
  • Birksted, J. (2012), Landscape of Memory and Experience (London: Spon Press).
  • Bodnar, J. (1992), Remaking America: Public Memory, Commemoration, and Patriotism in the Twentieth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
  • Bugge, I., Dyb, G., Stensland, S. Ø., Ekeberg, Ø., Wentzel-Larsen, T., and Diseth, T. H. (2015), ‘Physical Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Reactions: A Study of the Survivors of the 2011 Shooting Massacre on Utøya Island, Norway’, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 79/5: 384–390. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.09.005
  • Casey, E. (2009), Remembering, A Phenomenological Study (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press).
  • Connerton P. (1989), How Societies Remember (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Connerton, P. (2009), How Modernity Forgets (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Davis, S. and Bowring, J. (2011), ‘The Right to Remember: The Memorials to Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda’, in S. Egoz, J. Makhzoumi, and G. Pungetti (eds.), The Right to Landscape (London: Ashgate), 211–226.
  • Dietze-Schirdewahn, A. and Bettum, O. (2011), ‘Die FalstadLandschaft: Erfahrungen eines deutsch-norwegischen Workshops zum Thema Gedenkstätten für die Opfer in nationalsozialistischen Strafgefangenenlagern während des Zweiten Weltkriegs’, in J. Wolschke-Bulmahn and W. Wiedemann (eds.), Landschaft und Gedächtnis (Hanover: CGL), 195–210.
  • Domanska, E. (2006), ‘The Material Presence of the Past’, History and Theory 45/3: 337–348. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2303.2006.00369.x
  • Dorgerloh, A. (2012), Strategien des Überdauerns: Das Grabund Erinnerungsmal im frühen deutschen Landschaftsgarten (Düsseldorf: Grupello).
  • Dyregrov, K. and Kristensen, P. (2015), ‘Utøya 22. juli 2011_ senfølger for etterlatte foreldre’, Scandinavian Psychologist 2/ e13 [website], http://dx.doi.org/10.15714/scandpsychol.2.e13, accessed 24 September 2015.
  • Ekman, M., ‘Edifices: Architecture and Spatial Frameworks of Memory’, PhD dissertation (The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, 2013).
  • Englund, L. (2014), ‘The Bomb Attack in Oslo and the Shootings at Utøya, Norway, 2011: Experiences of Communication and Media Management’, in S. Mooniruzzaman, F. Nilson, and E. Svensson (eds.), Via Spatiosa: Festschrift to Ragnar Andersson on his 67th birthday (Karlstad: Karlstad University Press), 55–67.
  • FAD, Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs, ‘Den norske krigsgravtjenesten’ [website], http://archive.is/Xe6li, accessed 9 September 2014.
  • Falkheimer, J. and Olsson, E.-K. (2015): ‘Depoliticizing Terror: The News Framing of the Terrorist Attacks in Norway, 22 July 2011′, Media, War & Conflict 8/1: 70–85. doi: 10.1177/1750635214531109
  • Fantastic Norway, ‘Project Utøya’ [website], www.fantasticnorway.no/?p=3601, accessed 13 September 2012.
  • Fantastic Norway, ‘Project Utøya’, oral presentation by Erlend Blakstad Haffner at the University of Life Sciences, Ås Norway, 22 March 2013.
  • Folkerts, T. (2015), ‘Landscape as Memory’, Journal of Landscape Architecture 10/1: 68–77. doi: 10.1080/18626033.2015.1011445
  • Fredholm, M. (2016), Understanding Lone Actor Terrorism: Past Experience, Future Outlook, and Response Strategies (London: Routledge).
  • Frydnes, J. W., ‘Utøya, Siste Nytt’ [website], www.utoya.no/aktuelt/, accessed 14 September 2014.
  • Gallier, E. (2015), ‘Remembrance Park 14–18: The Landscape as a Score for the Choreography of Memory’, Journal of Landscape Architecture 10/1: 38–47. doi: 10.1080/18626033.2015.1011441
  • Glad, K. A., Jensen, T. K., Hafstad, G. S. and Dyb, G. (2015), ‘Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Exposure to Trauma Reminders after a Terrorist Attack’, Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 17/4: 435–447.
  • Greenwald, A. M. (2014), ‘Å minne liv med liv: Utøya og Ground Zero’, Dagbladet [website], www.dagbladet.no/2014/09/24/kul-tur/meninger/utoya/ground–zero/911/35416036/, accessed 24 September 2015.
  • Grønstad, L. (2013), ‘Atterhald ved minnemearkeringen: Når den offentlige sorga vert ekskluderende’, in O. Aagedal, P. K. Botvar and I. M. Høeg (eds.), Den offentlige sorgen: Markeringer, ritualer og religion etter 22. juli (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget), 47–62.
  • Halbwachs, M. (1992), On Collective Memory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
  • Heath-Kelley, C. (2016), ‘Building a New Utøya: Re-Placing the Oslo Bombsite—Counterfactual Resilience at Post Terrorist Sites’, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 39/4: 308–325. doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2016.1117328
  • Heyde, S. (2015), ‘History as a Source for Innovation in Landscape Architecture: the First World War Landscapes in Flanders’, Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 35/3: 183–197. doi: 10.1080/14601176.2015.1008262
  • Hunt, J. D. (2001), ‘“Come into the garden Maud”: Garden Art as a Privileged Mode of Commemoration and Identity’, in J. Wolschke-Bulmahn (ed.), Places of Commemoration: Search of Identity and Landscape Design (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks), 9–24.
  • Hunt, J. D. (2014), Historical Ground: The Role of History in Contemporary Landscape Architecture (New York: Routledge).
  • Ihler, B. (2012), Danser vi på graven? Aftenposten 25.06.2012 [website], www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/22juli/Danser-vi-pa-graven-6908098.html#.Ub8aAvlhjzg, accessed 15 September 2015.
  • Isaksen, L., ‘Terror på trykk’, Master’s thesis (Stockholm University, 2012).
  • Kristiansen, A. (2014), ‘Moments of Goodness: An Analysis of Ethical and Educational Dimensions of the Terror Attack on Utøya, Norway’, Studies in Philosophy and Education 34/5: 505–520.
  • Konow Lund, M. and Olsson, E.-K. (2016), ‘When Routines are Not Enough: Journalists’ Crisis Management During the 22/7 Domestic Terror Attack in Norway’, Journalism Practice 10/3: 1–15.
  • Lödén, H. (2014), ‘Peace, Love, Depoliticisation and the Domestic Alien: National Identity in the Memorial Messages Collected After the Terror Attacks in Norway 22 July 2011′, National Identities 16/2: 157–176.
  • Marschall, S. (2013), ‘Collective Memory and Cultural Differences: Official vs. Vernacular Forms of Commemorating the Past’, Safundi 14/1: 77–92. doi: 10.1080/17533171.2012.760832
  • Michel, P.-O. and Hellevik, P. (2015), Psykososiale konsekvenser av nasjonalt minnesmerke I Hole kommune. NKVTS-report 3/2015 (Oslo: Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies).
  • Neerland Soleim, M. (2009), Sovjetiske krigsfanger i Norge 1941–1945 (Oslo: Spartacus).
  • Østli Trønnes, M. (2014), ‘Utøya er et åsted, et henrettelsessted. Her mistet jeg det kjæreste jeg eide’, Aftenposten 23.05.2014 [website], www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Utoya-er-et-asted–-et-henrettelsessted-Her-mistet-jeg-det-kjareste-jeg-eide-7578299.html, accessed 24 September 2015.
  • Pedersen, E., Press conference 23.07.2011 [website], www.nrk.no/norge/–-i-auf-sitt-dna-a-vaere-pa-utoya-1.12485762, accessed 4 April 2016.
  • Pedersen, E. (2014), ‘Slik kan vi minne og lære’ 02.07.2014 [website], www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/Slik-kan-vi-minnes-og-lare-7623737.html, accessed 24 September 2015.
  • Petersson, A. and Wingren, C. (2011), ‘Designing a Memorial Place: Continuing Care, Passage Landscapes and Future Memories’, Mortality 16/1: 54–69. doi: 10.1080/13576275.2011.536369
  • Rasmussen, H. (2014), ‘Utøya, Siste Nytt’ [website], www.utoya.no/aktuelt/, accessed 14 September 2014.
  • Reitan, J. (2011), ‘The Legacies of the Nazi Camps in Norway’, in J. Wolschke-Bulmahn and W. Wiedemann (eds.), Landschaft und Gedächtnis (Hanover: CGL), 179–194.
  • Richter, L. K. (2005), ‘The Politics of Heritage Tourism Development: Emerging Issues for the New Millennium’, in G. Corsane (ed.), Heritage, Museums and Galleries (New York: Routledge), 243–271.
  • Rieber-Mohn, G. F., ‘Utøya burde vært fredet’, Ringerikes Blad 26.06.2014 [website], www.ringblad.no/nyheter/utoya-burde-vart-fredet/s/1-97-7442638, accessed 24 September 2015.
  • Savage, K. (2009), Monument Wars (Berkeley: University of California Press).
  • Schama, S. (1995), Landscape and Memory (London: Harper Perennial).
  • Stoltenberg, J., Speech of the Prime Minister on 22 July 2013 at Utvika, [website], www.nrk.no/ostafjells/buskerud/sterk-minnemarkering-pa-utvika-1.11143459, accessed 21 July 2013.
  • Svebakk, V. (2012), ‘Utøya er vårt Auschwitz’, TV2 25.09.012 [website], www.tv2.no/a/3885800, accessed 15 September 2015.
  • Turchie, T. D. and Puckett, K. (2007), Hunting the American Terrorist: The FBI’s War on Homegrown Terror (New York: History Publishing Company).
  • Turrettini, U. and Puckett, K. (2015), The Mystery of the Lone Wolf Killer: Anders Behring Breivik and the Threat of Terror in Plain Sight (New York: Pegasus Books).
  • Wikman, G. (2014), ‘Utøya er et åsted, et henrettelsessted. Her mistet jeg det kjæreste jeg eide’, Aftenposten 23.05.2014 [website], www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Utoya-er-et-asted–-et-henrettelsessted-Her-mistet-jeg-det-kjareste-jeg-eide-7578299.html, accessed 24 September 2015.
  • Wollenbaek, D., Enjolras, B., Steen-Johnsen, K. and Odegard, G. (2012): ‘After Utøya: How a High-trust Society Reacts to Terror_Trust and Civic Engagement in the Aftermath of July 22′, Political Science & Politics 45/1: 32–37. doi: 10.1017/S1049096511001806
  • Young, J. E. (1993), The Texture of Memory (New Haven: Yale University Press).

Unpublished sources/archive:

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.