Buoyancy-Enhanced Oxygen Transport in the Experimental Liquid Lead Bismuth Eutectic Container

References

• He , X. Li , N. 2001 . “A kinetic model for morrosion and precipitation in non-isothermal LBE flow loop” . J. Nucl. Mater. , 297 : 214 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan , T. , Chen , Y. and Chen , H. 2007 . “Theoretical modeling and numerical simulation of the corrosion and precipitation in non-isothermal liquid lead alloy pipe/loop systems” . Heat Mass Transfer , 44/3 : 355 – 366 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , Y. , Tan , T. and Chen , H. 2008 . “Oxidation accompanied by scale removal: initial and asymptotical kinetics” . J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. , 45 ( 7 ) : 662 – 667 .
   Google Scholar
• Broc , M. Sannier , J. 1984 . Behavior of Ferritic Steels in the Presence of Flowing Purified Liquid Lead in Liquid Metal Engineering and Technology 361 BENES, London
   Google Scholar
• Barbier , F. Benamati , G. 2001 . “Compatibility tests of steels in flowing liquid lead-bismuth” . J. Nucl. Mater. , 295 : 149 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan , T. , Chen , Y. and Chen , H. 2008 . “An improved mesoscopic oxidation model of metals in molten lead or LBE” . Comput. Mater. Sci. , 43 : 251 – 267 .
   Google Scholar
• Tan , T. 2007 . Modeling of the Protective Oxide Layer Growth in Non-Isothermal Lead-Alloys Coolant Systems Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
   Google Scholar
• Li , N. 2002 . “Active control of oxygen in molten lead-bismuth eutectic systems to prevent steel corrosion and coolant contamination” . J. Nucl. Mater. , 300 : 73 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillard , R. S. , Valot , C. , Hill , M. A. , Dickerson , P. D. and Hanrahan , R. J. 2003 . The Influence of Pre-oxidation on the Corrosion of Steels in Liquid Lead Bismuth Eutectic, Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, LA-UR-03-5045
   Google Scholar
• Muller , G. , Heinzel , A. , Schumacher , G. and Weisenburger , A. 2003 . “Control of oxygen concentration in liquid lead and leadbismuth” . J. Nucl. Mater. , 321 : 256 – 262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller , G. , Heinzel , A. Konys , J. 2004 . “Behavior of steels in flowing liquid PbBi eutectic alloy at 420–600 after 400–7200 h” . J. Nucl. Mater. , 335 : 163 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma , J. Guo , P. 2005 . “Enhancement of oxygen transfer in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic by natural convection” . Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer , 48 : 2601 – 2612 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. S. , Li , N. and Chen , Y. 2006 . “Oxygen control technique in molten lead and lead-bismuth eutectic systems” . Nucl. Sci. Eng. , 154 ( 2 ) : 223 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selver , R. Kamotani , Y. 1998 . “Natural convection of a liquid metal in vertical circular cylinders heated locally from the side” . J. Heat Transfer , 120 : 108 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Juel , A. , Mullin , T. , Hadid , H. B. and Henry , D. 2001 . “Three-dimensional free convection in molten gallium” . J. Fluid Mech. , 436 : 267 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu , H. H. S. , Churchill , S. W. and Patterson , C. V. S. 1976 . “The effects of heater size, location, aspect ratio, and boundary conditions on two-dimensional, laminar natural convection in rectangular channels” . ASME J. Heat Transfer , 98 : 194 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick , M. L. , Webb , B. W. and Heaton , H. S. 1991 . “Natural convection from two-dimensional discrete heat sources in a rectangular enclosure” . Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer , 34 ( 7 ) : 1679 – 1693 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson , J. and Wider , H. 2002 . “Emergency decay heat removal by reactor vessel auxiliary cooling system from an acceleratordriven system” . Nucl. Technol. , 140 ( 1 ) : 28 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. S. 2005 . “Oxidation mechanism of steels in liquid-lead alloys” . Oxid. Met. , 63 ( 5/6 ) : 353 – 381 .
   Google Scholar
• Lyutyi , E. M. 1988 . “Problems of high-temperature liquid-metal corrosion of refractory metals and alloys” . Soviet Union Mater. Sci. , 24 : 441
   Google Scholar
• Remy , F. N. and Bouchacourt , M. 1992 . “Flow-assisted corrosion: a method to avoid damage” . Nucl. Eng. Design , 133 : 23 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , J. 1992 . “Flow induced corrosion: 25 years of industrial research” . Brit. Corros. J. , 27 ( 3 ) : 193 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Heitz , E. 1991 . “Chemo-mechanical effects of flow on corrosion” . Corrosion , 47 ( 2 ) : 135
   Google Scholar
• Balbaud-Celerier , F. and Barbier , F. 2001 . “Investigation of models to predict the corrosion of steels in flowing liquid lead alloys” . J. Nucl. Mater. , 289 : 227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , Y. A. , Fitzner , K. and Zhang , M.-X. 1988 . “The solubility of gases in liquid metals and alloys” . Prog. Mater. Sci. , 32 : 97
   Google Scholar
• Lai , G. Y. 1990 . “High temperature corrosion of engineering alloys” . In ASM Int. , Materials Park, OH 44073
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. S. 2005 . “Oxidation mechanism of steels in liquid-lead alloys” . Oxid. Met. , 63 ( 5/6 ) : 353 – 381 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. S. , Li , N. and Elson , J. S. 2007 . “Review of studies on fundamental issues in LBE corrosion” . J. Nucl. Mater. ,
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. S. , Li , N. , Chen , Y. and Rusanov , A. E. 2005 . “Corrosion behaviors of US steels in flowing lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE)” . J. Nucl. Mater. , 336 : 1 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balbaud-Celerier , F. , Terlain , A. , Fauvet , P. and Richet , C. 2003 . Corrosion of Steels in Liquid Lead Alloys Protected by an Oxide Layer Application to the MEGAPIE Target and to the Russian Reactor Concept BREST 300 , Report Technique RT-SCCME 630 CEA Report
   Google Scholar
• Muller , G. 2002 . “Results of steel corrosion tests in flowing liquid Pb/Bi at 420–6000_C after 2000 h” . J. Nucl. Mater. , 301 : 40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samsonov , G. V. 1982 . The Oxide Handbook, , 2nd ed. New York : IFI/Plenum . (translated by R. K. Johnston
   Google Scholar
• Kakad , S. and Yener , Y. Convective Heat Transfer, , 2nd ed. CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Currie , I. G. Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids, , 3rd ed. , ISBN: 9780824708863 CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dol , H. S. and Hanjalic , K. 2001 . “Computational study of turbulent natural convection in a side-heated near-cubic enclosure at a high Rayleigh number” . Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer , 44 : 2323 – 2344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelissen , G. 2004 . “Multi-ion transport and reaction simulation in turbulent parallel plate flow” . J. Electroanal. Chem. , 563 : 213 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Y. and Postlethwaite , J. 1997 . “The application of low Reynolds number k-” turbulence model to corrosion modeling in the mass transfer entrance region” . Corros. Sci. , 39 : 1265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nesic , S. and Postlethwaite , J. 1992 . “Calculation of wall-mass transfer rates in separated aqueous flow using a low Reynolds number k-” model” . Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer , 35 : 1977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henkes , R. A. W. M. and Hoogendoorn , C. J. 1995 . Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B, 28: 59 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Holman , J. P. 1997 . Heat Transfer, , 8th ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
   Google Scholar
• Gelfgat , A. Y. 2003 . “Convection-induced enhancement of mass transfer through an interface separating two immiscible liquids in a two-lay horizontal annulus” . Phys. Fluids , 15 ( 3 ) : 790 – 800 .
   Google Scholar