Body esteem in Swedish children and adolescents: Relationships with gender, age, and weight status

References

• Ambwani , S. , Warren , C. S. , Gleaves , D. H. , Cepeda-Benito , A. and Fernandez , M. C. 2008 . Culture, gender, and assessment of fear of fatness . European Journal of Psychological Assessment , 24 ( 2 ) : 81 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ata , R. N. , Ludden , A. B. and Lally , M. M. 2007 . The effects of gender and family, friend, and media influences on eating behaviors and body image during adolescence . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 36 ( 8 ) : 1024 – 1037 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker , E. T. and Galambos , N. L. 2003 . Body dissatisfaction of adolescent girls and boys: Risk and resource factors . Journal of Early Adolescence , 23 ( 2 ) : 141 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bearman , S. K. , Presnell , K. , Martinez , E. and Stice , E. 2006 . The skinny on body dissatisfaction: A longitudinal study of adolescent girls and boys . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 35 ( 2 ) : 229 – 241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blashill , A. J. 2011 . Gender roles, eating pathology, and body dissatisfaction in men: A meta-analysis . Body Image , 8 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole , T. J. , Bellizzi , M. C. , Flegal , K. M. and Dietz , W. H. 2000 . Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey . British Medical Journal , 320 : 1240 – 1243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole , T. J. , Flegal , K. M. , Nicholls , D. and Jackson , A. A. 2007 . Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: International survey . British Medical Journal , 335 ( 7612 ) : 194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer , P. and Steinwert , T. 1998 . Thin is good, fat is bad: How early does it begin? . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 19 ( 3 ) : 429 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespo , C. , Kielpikowski , M. , Jose , J. E. and Pryor , J. 2010 . Relationship between family connectedness and body satisfaction: A longitudinal study of adolescent girls and boys . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 39 : 1392 – 1401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison , K. K. , Markey , C. N. and Birch , L. L. 2003 . A longitudinal examination of patterns in girls' weight concerns and body dissatisfaction from ages 5 to 9 years . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 33 : 320 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erling , A. and Hwang , C. P. 2004 . Body-esteem in Swedish 10-year-old children . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 99 : 437 – 444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , B. L. and Roberts , T. A. 1997 . Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 21 ( 2 ) : 173 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisén , A. and Holmqvist , K. 2010 . Biological, sociocultural, and behavioral factors associated with body dissatisfaction in Swedish 16-year-old boys and girls . Sex Roles , 63 : 373 – 385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner , R. M. , Friedman , B. N. and Jackson , N. A. 1999 . Body size estimations, body dissatisfaction, and ideal size preferences in children six through thirteen . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 28 : 603 – 618 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groesz , L. M. , Levine , M. P. and Murnen , S. K. 2002 . The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 31 ( 1 ) : 1 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harter , S. 1999 . The construction of the self. A development perspective , New York. London : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hausmann , R. , Tyson , L. D. and Zahidi , S. 2010 . The Global Gender Gap Report , Berkeley : Harvard University University of California .
   Google Scholar
• Ivarsson , T. , Svalander , P. , Litlere , O. and Nevonen , L. 2006 . Weight concerns, body image, depression and anxiety in Swedish adolescents . Eating Behaviors , 7 ( 2 ) : 161 – 175 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jónsdóttir , S. R. , Arnarson , E. Ö. and Smári , J. 2009 . Body esteem, perceived competence and depression in Icelandic adolescents . Nordic Psychology , 60 : 58 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , D. C. 2004 . Body image among adolescent girls and boys: A longitudinal Study . Developmental Psychology , 40 ( 5 ) : 823 – 835 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , D. C. , Vigfusdottir , T. H. and Lee , Y. 2004 . Body image and the appearance culture among adolescent girls and boys: An examination of friend conversations, peer criticism, appearance magazines, and the internalization of appearance ideals . Journal of Adolescent Research , 19 ( 3 ) : 323 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , D. C. and Newman , J. B. 2009 . Early adolescent adjustment and critical evaluations by self and other: The prospective impact of body image dissatisfaction and peer appearance teasing on global self-esteem . European Journal of Developmental Science , 3 ( 1 ) : 17 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , D-D. and Kim , H-S. 2009 . Body-image dissatisfaction as a predictor of Suicidal ideation among Korean boys and girls in different stages of adolescence: A two-year longitudinal study . Journal of Adolescent Health , 45 : 47 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostanski , A. , Fisher , A. and Gullone , E. 2004 . Current conceptualization of body image dissatisfaction: Have we got it wrong? . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 45 : 1317 – 1325 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , M. P. and Smolak , L. 2002 . “ Body image development in adolescence ” . In Body image – A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice , Edited by: Cash , T. F. and Pruzinsky , T. 74 – 82 . New York. London : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lunde, C. (2009). What people tell you gets to you. Body satisfaction and peer victimization in early adolescence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
   Google Scholar
• Lunde , C. , Frisén , A. and Hwang , C. P. 2006 . Is peer victimzation related to body esteem in 10-year-old girls and boys? . Body Image , 3 : 25 – 33 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lunde , C. , Frisén , A. and Hwang , C. P. 2007 . Ten-year-old girls' and boys' body composition and peer victimization experiences: Prospective associations with body satisfaction . Body Image , 4 : 11 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunde , C. , Frisén , A. and Hwang , C. P. 2009 . Peer victimization and its relationships with perceptions of body composition . Educational Studies , 35 : 337 – 348 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe , M. P. and Ricciardelli , L. A. 2004 . Body image dissatisfaction among males across the lifespan: A review of past literature . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 56 ( 6 ) : 675 – 685 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meland , E. , Haugland , S. and Breidablik , H. -J. 2006 . Body image and perceived health in adolescence . Health Education Research , 22 : 342 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendelson , B. K. and White , D. R. 1985 . Development of self-body esteem in overweight youngsters . Developmental Psychology , 21 : 90 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendelson , M. J. , Mendelson , B. K. and Andrews , J. 2000 . Self-esteem, body-esteem, and body-mass in late adolescence: Is a competence(importance model needed? . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 21 ( 3 ) : 249 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendelson , B. K. , Mendelson , M. J. and White , D. R. 2001 . Body-esteem scale for adolescents and adults . Journal of Personality Assessment , 76 ( 1 ) : 90 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendelson , B. K. , White , D. R. and Mendelson , M. J. 1996 . Self-esteem and body esteem: Effects of gender, age, and weight . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 17 : 321 – 346 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohring , R. , Graber , J. A. and Brooks-Gunn , J. 2002 . Girls' recurrent and concurrent body dissatisfaction: Correlates and consequences over 8 years . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 31 : 405 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallant , J. 2010 . SPSS survival manual , Berkshire : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Paxton , S. , Neumark-Sztainer , D. , Hannan , P. J. and Eisenberg , M. E. 2006 . Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive mood and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 35 : 539 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompper , D. 2010 . Masculinities, the metrosexual, and media images: Across dimensions of age and ethnicity. Special issue, “fiction, fashion, and function: Gendered experiences of women's and men's body image” . Sex Roles: A Journal of Research , 63 ( 9 ) : 682 – 696 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presnell , K. , Bearman , S. K. and Stice , E. 2004 . Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: A prospective study . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 36 : 389 – 401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricciardelli , L. A. , McCabe , M. P. and Banfield , S. 2000 . Sociocultural influences on body image and body change methods . Journal of Adolescent Health , 26 ( 1 ) : 3 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricciardelli , L. A. and McCabe , M. P. 2001 . Children's body image concerns and eating disturbance: A review of the literature . Clinical Psychology Review , 21 : 325 – 344 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodin , J. , Silberstein , L. and Striegel-Moore , R. 1985 . “ Women and weight: A normative discontent ” . In Psychology and gender , Edited by: Sonderegger , T. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenblum , G. D. and Lewis , M. 1999 . The relations among body image, physical attractiveness and body mass in adolescence . Child Development , 70 : 50 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Swedish Delegation for Gender Equality in School (2009). Flickor och pojkar i skolan – hur jämställtär det?/Girls and boys at school – How equal are they. Retrieved from http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/108/a/129434
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz , J. P. and Tylka , T. L. 2008 . Exploring entitlement as a moderator and mediator of the relationship between masculine gender role conflict and men's body esteem . Psychology of Men and Masculinity , 9 : 67 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro , J. R. and Anderson , D. A. 2003 . The effects of restraint, gender, and body mass index on the accuracy of self-reported weight . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 34 : 177 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinton , M. M. and Birch , L. L. 2006 . Individual and sociocultural influences on pre-adolescent girls' appearance schemas and body dissatisfaction . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 35 : 165 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolak , L. 2004a . Body image in children and adolescents: Where do we go from here? . Body Image , 1 : 15 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smolak , L. 2004b . “ Body image development in children ” . In Body image – A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice , Edited by: Cash , T. F. and Pruzinsky , T. 65 – 73 . New York. London : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smolak , L. and Levine , M. P. 2001 . “ Body image in children ” . In Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth. Assessment, prevention, and treatment , Edited by: Smolak , L. and Thompson , J. K. 193 – 213 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Smolak , L. and Murnen , S. 2011 . “ The sexualization of girls and women as a primary antecedent of self-objectification ” . In Self-objectification in women. Causes, consequences, and counteractions , Edited by: Calogero , R. M. , Tantleff-Dunn , S. and Thompson , J. K. 53 – 76 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , L. 1999 . Adolescence , New York, NY: McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , A. B. and Phares , V. 2001 . “ Family functioning, body image, and eating disturbances ” . In Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth. Assessment, prevention, and treatment , Edited by: Smolak , L. and Thompson , J. K. 127 – 147 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Stice , E. , Hayward , C. , Cameron , R. P. , Killen , J. D. and Barr , T. C. 2000 . Body image and eating related factors predict onset of depression in female adolescents: A longitudinal study . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 438 – 444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stice , E. and Whitenton , K. 2002 . Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls: A longitudinal investigation . Developmental Psychology , 38 : 669 – 678 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 2007 . Using multivariate statistics , 5th ed. , Boston, MA : Pearson Education .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , K. , Ricciardelli , L. A. and Williams , R. J. 2000 . Gender traits and self-concepts as indicators of problem eating and body dissatisfaction among children . Sex Roles , 43 : 441 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , J. K. , Heinberg , L. J. , Altabe , M. and Tantleff-Dunn , S. 1999 . Exacting beauty. Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance , Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Tiggemann , M. 2002 . “ Media influences on body image development ” . In Body image – A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice , Edited by: Cash , T. F. and Pruzinsky , T. 91 – 98 . New York. London : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Van den Berg , P. A. , Mond , J. , Eisenberg , M. , Ackard , D. and Neumark-Sztainer , D. 2010 . The link between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in adolescents: Similarities across gender, age, weight status, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status . Journal of Adolescent Health , 47 ( 3 ) : 290 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuker , H. E. and Allison , D. B. 1994 . “ Obesity: Socio-cultural perspectives ” . In Understanding eating disorders: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity , Edited by: Alexander-Mott , L. and Lumsden , D. B. 243 – 270 . Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar