Teachers' Beliefs About English Language Learners in the Mainstream Classroom: A Review of the Literature

REFERENCES

• American Federation of Teachers. (2004). Closing the achievement gap: Focus on Latino students (Policy Brief 17). Washington, DC: Author. http://www.aft.org/pubs-reports/downloads/teachers/PolBrief17.pdf (http://www.aft.org/pubs-reports/downloads/teachers/PolBrief17.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Brown , K. M. 2004 . Assessing preservice leaders' beliefs, attitudes, and values regarding issues of diversity, social justice, and equity: A review of existing measures . Equity and Excellence in Education , 37 : 332 – 342 .
   Google Scholar
• Byrnes , D. , Kiger , G. and Manning , M. L. 1997 . Teachers' attitudes about language diversity . Teaching and Teacher Education , 13 : 637 – 644 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderhead , J. 1996 . “ Teachers: Beliefs and knowledge ” . In Handbook of educational psychology , Edited by: Berlin , D. C. and Calfee , R. C. 709 – 725 . New York, NY : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Camacho , M. , Socas , M. M. and Hernandez , J. 1998 . An analysis of future mathematics teachers' conceptions and attitudes towards mathematics [Electronic version] . International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology , 29 : 317 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Clair , N. 1995 . Mainstream classroom teachers and ESL students . TESOL Quarterly , 29 : 189 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clair , N. and Temple , C. A. 1999 . Professional development for teachers in culturally diverse schools , Retrieved from ERIC database, ED435185
   Google Scholar
• Cummins , J. 1981 . Age on arrival and immigrant second language learning in Canada: A reassessment . Applied Linguistics , 2 : l32 – l49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins , J. 1992 . Bilingual education and English immersion: The Ramirez report in theoretical perspectives . Bilingual Research Journal , 16 : 91 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Cummins , J. 1997 . Cultural and linguistic diversity in education: A mainstream issue? . Educational Review , 49 : 105 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins , J. 2000 . Language, power, and pedagogy. Bilingual children in the crossfire , Clevedon, , UK : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Ezzy , D. 2002 . Qualitative analysis: Practice and innovation , London, , England : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Faltis , C. and Hudelson , S. 1994 . Learning English as an additional language in K–12 schools . TESOL Quarterly , 28 : 457 – 468 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , Z. 1996 . A review of research on teacher beliefs and practices . Educational Research , 38 : 47 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenstermacher , G. D. 1994 . “ The knower and the known: The nature of knowledge in research on teaching ” . In Review of research in education , Edited by: Darling-Hammond , L. Vol. 20 , 3 – 56 . Washington, DC : American Educational Research Association .
   Google Scholar
• Fix, M., & Capps, R. (2005). Immigrant children, urban schools, and the No Child Left Behind Act. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=347 (http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=347)
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , D. E. and Freeman , Y. S. 1994 . Between worlds: Access to second language acquisition , Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , Y. S. , Freeman , D. E. and Mercuri , S. 2005 . Dual language essentials for teachers and administrators , Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Gandara , P. , Maxwell-Jolly , J. and Driscoll , A. 2005 . Listening to teachers of English language learners: A survey of California teachers' challenges, experiences, and professional development needs , Santa Cruz, CA : Center for the Future of Teaching and Learning .
   Google Scholar
• Gandara, P., Rumberger, R., Maxwell-Jolly, J., & Callahan, R. (2003). English learners in California schools: Unequal resources, unequal outcomes. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 11(36), 1–54 http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v11n36/v11n36.pdf (http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v11n36/v11n36.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Garcia , E. E. 1996 . “ Preparing instructional professionals for linguistically and culturally diverse students ” . In Handbook of research on teacher education , Edited by: Sikula , J. 802 – 813 . New York, NY : Simon & Schuster/Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Nevarez , A. G. , Stafford , M. E. and Arias , B. 2005 . Arizona elementary teachers' attitudes toward English language learners and the use of Spanish in classroom instruction . Bilingual Research Journal , 29 : 295 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Vazquez , E. , Vazquez , L. A. , Lopez , I. C. and Ward , W. 1997 . Language proficiency and academic success: Relationships between proficiency in two languages and achievement among Mexican-American students . Bilingual Research Journal , 21 : 334 – 347 .
   Google Scholar
• Gilette , M. 1996 . “ Resistance and rethinking. White student teachers in predominately African-American schools ” . In Teacher thinking in cultural contexts , Edited by: Rios , F. 104 – 128 . Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gitlin , A. , Buendia , E. , Crosland , K. and Doumbia , F. 2003 . The production of margin and center: Welcoming–unwelcoming of immigrant students . American Educational Research Journal , 40 : 91 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godley , A. J. , Sweetland , J. , Wheeler , R. S. , Minnici , A. and Carpenter , B. D. 2006 . Preparing teachers for dialectally diverse classrooms . Educational Researcher , 35 ( 8 ) : 30 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Green , T. 1971 . The activities of teaching , New York, NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Hamann , E. T. 2002 . “ ¿Un paso adelante? The politics of bilingual education, Latino student accommodation, and school district management in southern Appalachia ” . In Education in the new Latino diaspora: Policy and the politics of identity , Edited by: Wortham , S. , Murillo , E. G. and Hamann , E. T. 67 – 97 . Norwood, NJ : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Harklau , L. 1994 . ESL versus mainstream classes: Contrasting L2 learning environments . TESOL Quarterly , 28 : 241 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harklau , L. 1999 . “ The ESL learning environment in secondary school ” . In So much to say: Adolescents, bilingualism, & ESL in the secondary school , Edited by: Faltis , C. J. and Wolfe , P. 42 – 60 . New York, NY : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harklau , L. 2000 . From the “good kids” to the “worst”: Representations of English language learners across educational settings . TESOL Quarterly , 34 : 35 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitz , E. K. 1985 . Using student beliefs about language learning and teaching in the foreign language methods course . Foreign Language Annuals , 18 : 333 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. and Johnson , R. 1996 . The role of concrete-abstract thinking levels in teachers' multiethnic beliefs . Journal of Research and Development in Education , 29 : 134 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , T. G. Preparing all teachers for linguistic diversity in K–12 schools . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education . New York, NY. February .
   Google Scholar
• Kagan , D. M. 1992 . Implications of research on teacher belief . Educational Psychologist , 27 : 65 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabenick , S. A. and Noda , P. A. C. 2004 . Professional development implications of teachers' beliefs and attitudes toward English language learners . Bilingual Research Journal , 28 : 55 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Katz , S. R. 1999 . Teaching in tensions: Latino immigrant youth, their teachers, and the structure of schooling . Teachers College Record , 100 ( 4 ) : 809 – 840 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , C. and Kennedy , J. 1996 . Teacher attitudes and change implementation . System , 24 : 351 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Ladson-Billings , G. 2006 . It's not the culture of poverty, it's the poverty of culture: The problem with teacher education . Anthropology and Education , 37 : 104 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J. S. 2002 . The Korean language in America: The role of cultural identity in heritage language learning . Language, Culture and Curriculum , 15 : 117 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , J. S. and Oxelson , E. 2006 . It's not my job: K–12 teacher attitudes toward students' heritage language maintenance . Bilingual Research Journal , 30 : 453 – 477 .
   Google Scholar
• Lortie , D. 1975 . Schoolteacher: A sociological study , Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Macnab , D. S. and Payne , F. 2003 . Beliefs, attitudes and practices in mathematics teaching: Perceptions of Scottish primary school student teachers [Electronic] . Journal of Education for Teaching , 29 : 55 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Mantero, M., & McVicker, P. (2006). The impact of experience and coursework: Perceptions of second language learners in the mainstream classroom. Radical Pedagogy, 8(1) Retrieved from http://radicalpedagogy.icaap.org/content/issue8_1/mantero.html (http://radicalpedagogy.icaap.org/content/issue8_1/mantero.html)
   Google Scholar
• Marx , S. 2000 . An exploration of preservice teacher perceptions of second language learners in the mainstream classroom . Texas Papers in Foreign Language Education , 5 ( 1 ) : 207 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, B. (1992). Myths and misconceptions about second language learning: What every teacher needs to unlearn. Santa Cruz, CA: National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learning. http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/rcd/bibliography/BE018791 (http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/rcd/bibliography/BE018791)
   Google Scholar
• McSwain , A. 2001 . The effects of multicultural and bilingual training on preservice students' self-reported level of competency . Multiple Voices , 5 ( 1 ) : 54 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Menken, K., & Antunez, B. (2001). An overview of the preparation and certification of teachers working with limited English proficient students. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse of Bilingual Education. http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED455231 (http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED455231)
   Google Scholar
• Middleton , J. A. 1999 . Curricular influences on the motivational beliefs and practice of two middle school mathematics teachers: A follow-up study [Electronic] . Journal for Research in Mathematics Education , 30 : 349 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , C. 1999 . Teacher thinking and student diversity , Retrieved from ERIC database. ED429947
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics . 2002 . “ School and staffing survey 1999–2000: Overview of the data for public ” . In private, public charter and Bureau of Indian Affairs elementary and secondary schools , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Education .
   Google Scholar
• National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition . 2004 . The growing number of limited English proficient students 1991–2002 , Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Education .
   Google Scholar
• National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition. (2006). How many school-aged English language learners are there in the U.S.? Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/faqs/view/4 (http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/faqs/view/4)
   Google Scholar
• National Council of Teachers of English. (2006). NCTE position paper on the role of English teachers in educating English language learners (ELLs). Urbana, IL: Author. http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/teacherseducatingell (http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/teacherseducatingell)
   Google Scholar
• Nespor , J. 1987 . The role of beliefs in the practice of teaching . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 19 : 317 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieto , S. M. 2003 . What keeps teachers going? , New York, NY : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nixon , S. B. 1991 . A descriptive study of teachers' views on instructional methods for English as a second language students , Springfield, MO : Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Southwest Missouri State University .
   Google Scholar
• No Child Left Behind Act, Public Law No. 107–110 (2001). http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html (http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html)
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , L. 1997 . Made in America: Immigrant students in our public schools , New York, NY : New Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ortiz-Franco , L. 2005 . “ Latinos, income, and mathematics achievement: Beating the odds ” . In Changing the faces of mathematics: Perspectives on Latinos , Edited by: Secada , W. G. , Ortiz-Franco , L. , Hernandez , N. G. and Cruz , Y. D. L. 13 – 20 . Reston, VA : National Council of Teachers of Mathematics .
   Google Scholar
• Pajares , M. F. 1992 . Teachers' beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy construct . Review of Educational Research , 62 : 307 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penfield , J. 1987 . ESL: The regular classroom teachers' perspective . TESOL Quarterly , 21 : 21 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peregoy , S. F. and Boyle , O. F. 1997 . Reading, writing, and learning in ESL , 2nd , New York, NY : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Platt , E. , Harper , C. and Mendoza , M. B. 2003 . Dueling philosophies: Inclusion or separation for Florida's English language learners? . TESOL Quarterly , 37 : 105 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proposition 227 (June 2, 1998). http://primary98.sos.ca.gov/VoterGuide/Propositions/227text.htm (http://primary98.sos.ca.gov/VoterGuide/Propositions/227text.htm) (Accessed: 2 July 2011 ).
   Google Scholar
• Reeves , J. 2004 . “Like everybody else”: Equalizing educational opportunity for English language learners . TESOL Quarterly , 38 : 43 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves , J. 2006 . Secondary teacher attitudes toward including English-language learners in mainstream classrooms . Journal of Educational Research , 99 : 131 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson , V. 1996 . “ The role of attitudes and beliefs in learning to teach ” . In Handbook of research on teacher education , 2nd , Edited by: Sikula , J. 102 – 119 . New York, NY : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Rimm-Kaufmann , S. E. , Storm , M. D. , Sawyer , B. E. , Pianta , R. C. and La Paro , K. M . 2006 . The teacher belief Q-Sort: A measure of teachers' priorities and beliefs in relation to disciplinary practices, teaching practices, and beliefs about children . Journal of School Psychology , 44 : 141 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Rueda , R. and Garcia , E. 1994 . Teachers' beliefs about reading assessment with Latino language minority students , Washington, DC : Office of Educational Research and Improvement . Retrieved from ERIC database. ED376721
   Google Scholar
• Rueda , R. and Garcia , E. 1994 . Teachers' beliefs about reading assessment with Latino language minority students , Washington, DC : Office of Educational Research and Improvement. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED376721) .
   Google Scholar
• Rueda , R. and Garcia , E. 1996 . Teachers' perspectives on literacy assessment and instruction with language-minority students: A comparative study . Elementary School Journal , 96 : 311 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , P. M. 1995 . Foreign language teachers' perceptions of culture and the classroom: A case study , Retrieved from ERIC database. ED385135
   Google Scholar
• Sahin , C. , Bullock , K. and Stables , A. 2002 . Teachers' beliefs and practices in relation to their beliefs about questioning at key stage 2 [Electronic] . Educational Studies , 28 : 371 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharkey , J. and Layzer , C. 2000 . Whose definition of success? Identifying factors that affect English language learners' access to academic success and resources . TESOL Quarterly , 34 : 352 – 368 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin , F. H. and Krashen , S. 1996 . Teacher attitudes toward the principles of bilingual education and toward students' participation in bilingual programs: Same of different? . Bilingual Research Journal , 20 : 45 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• State Board of Education . 2001 . Promotion, Placement, and Retention, O.C.G.A., State Board of Education Rule 160-4-2-.11. ,
   Google Scholar
• Strauss , A. and Corbin , J. 1990 . Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Tannenbaum , M. and Howie , P. 2002 . The association between language maintenance and family relations: Chinese immigrant children in Australia . Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development , 23 : 408 – 424 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , A. 1992 . “ Teachers' beliefs and conceptions: A synthesis of the research ” . In Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning , Edited by: Grouws , D. A. 127 – 146 . New York, NY : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau . 2000 . Projected migration by race and Hispanic origin, 1999 to 2100 , Washington, DC : National Projections Program .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , A. , Shafer , J. and Iiams , M. 2004 . “Not in my classroom”: Teacher attitudes towards English language learners in the mainstream classroom . National Association for Bilingual Education Journal of Research and Practice , 2 : 130 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Wong-Fillmore , L. 1991 . “ Second-language learning in children: A model of language learning in social context ” . In Language processing in bilingual children , Edited by: Bialystok , E. 49 – 69 . New York, NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wong-Fillmore , L. and Meyer , L. M. 1992 . “ The curriculum and linguistic minorities ” . In Handbook of research on curriculum , Edited by: Jackson , P. W. 626 – 658 . New York, NY : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Yoon , B. 2008 . Uninvited guests: The influence of teachers' roles and pedagogies on the positioning of English language learners in the regular classroom . American Educational Research Journal , 45 : 495 – 522 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , M. W. 1996 . English (as a second) language arts teachers: The key to mainstreamed ESL student success . English Journal, 85 , 85 ( 8 ) : 17 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Youngs , C. S. 1999 . Mainstreaming the marginalized: Secondary mainstream teachers' perceptions of ESL students , Grand Forks, ND : Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of North Dakota .
   Google Scholar
• Youngs , C. S. and Youngs , G. A. Jr. 2001 . Predictors of mainstream teachers' attitudes toward ESL students . TESOL Quarterly , 35 : 97 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar