The Prevalence of Behavior Problems Among People with Intellectual Disability Living in Community Settings

REFERENCES

• Alborz , A. , Bromley , J. , Emerson , E. , Kiernan , C. and Qureshi , H. 1994 . Challenging behavior survey: Individual schedule , Manchester, , UK : Hester Adrian Research Centre, University of Manchester .
   Google Scholar
• Aman , M. G. and Singh , N. N. 1986 . Aberrant Behavior Checklist: Manual , East Aurora, NY : Slosson Educational Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Aman , M. G. and Singh , N. N. 1994 . Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community: Supplementary manual , East Aurora, NY : Slosson Educational Publications .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 1995 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental retardation , 4th , Washington, DC : Author . International Version
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , L. T. and Ernst , M. 1994 . Self-injury in Lesch Nyhan disease . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 24 : 67 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhaumik , S. , Brandford , D. , McGrother , C. and Thorp , C. 1997 . Autistic traits in adults with learning disabilities . British Journal of Psychiatry , 170 : 502 – 506 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung , M. C. , Cumella , S. , Bickerton , W. L. and Winchester , C. 2003 . The prevalence of challenging behavior in hospital, family and community residential settings . European Journal of Psychiatry , 17 : 5 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Clegg , J. and Sheard , C. 2002 . Challenging behavior and insecure attachment . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 46 : 503 – 506 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collacott , R. A. , Cooper , S. A. , Branford , D. and McGrother , C. 1998 . Epidemiology of self-injurious behavior in adults with learning disabilities . British Journal of Psychiatry , 173 : 428 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker , A.G. , Mercier , C. , Lachapelle , Y. , Brunet , A. , Morin , D. and Roy , M. E. 2006 . Prevalence and types of aggressive behavior among adults with intellectual disabilities . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 50 : 652 – 661 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deb , S. , Sohanpal , S. K. , Soni , R. , Lenôtre , L. and Unwin , G. 2007 . The effectiveness of antipsychotic medication in the management of behaviour problems in adults with intellectual disabilities . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 51 : 766 – 777 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emerson , E. 2001 . Challenging behaviour , Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Emerson , E. 2004 . Deinstitutionalisation in England . Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability , 29 : 79 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emerson , E. and Bromley , J. 1995 . The form and function of challenging behaviors . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 39 : 388 – 398 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emerson , E. , Kiernan , C. , Alborz , A , Reeves , D. , Mason , H. Swarbrick , R. 2001a . Predicting the persistence of severe self-injurious behavior . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 22 : 65 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Emerson , E. , Kiernan , C. , Alborz , A. , Reeves , D. , Mason , H. Swarbrick , R. 2001b . The prevalence of challenging behaviors: A total population study . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 22 : 77 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , P. and Russell , O. 1989 . The nature and extent of aggressive behavior amongst people with learning disabilities (mental handicap) in a single health district , Bristol, , UK : University of Bristol, Norah Fry Research Centre . (2nd Report)
   Google Scholar
• Holden , B. and Gitlesen , J. P. 2006 . A total population study of challenging behavior in the county of Hedmark, Norway: Prevalence, and risk markers . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 27 : 456 – 465 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyce , T. , Ditchfield , H. and Harris , P. 2001 . Challenging behavior in community services . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 45 : 130 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiernan , C. and Kiernan , D. 1994 . Challenging behavior in schools for pupils with severe learning difficulties . Mental Handicap Research , 7 : 177 – 201 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , M. H. and Bodfish , J. W. 1998 . Repetitive behavior disorders in autism . Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews , 4 : 80 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Lowe , K. , Allen , D. , Jones , E. , Brophy , S. , Moore , K. and James , W. 2007 . Challenging behaviors: Prevalence and topographies . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 51 : 625 – 636 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClintock , K. , Hall , S. and Oliver , C. 2003 . Risk markers associated with challenging behaviors in people with intellectual disabilities: A meta-analytic study . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 47 : 405 – 416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConkey , R. 2000 . Community care and resettlement . Current Opinion in Psychiatry , 13 : 491 – 495 .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. 2003 . A non-institutional society for people with developmental disability in Norway . Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability , 28 : 305 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molyneux , P. , Emerson , E. and Caine , A. 1999 . Prescription of psychotropic medication to people with intellectual disabilities in primary health-care settings . Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities , 12 : 46 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss , S. , Emerson , E. , Kiernan , C. , Turner , S. , Hatton , C. and Alborz , A. 2000 . Psychiatric symptoms in adults with learning disability and challenging behavior . British Journal of Psychiatry , 177 : 452 – 456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , G. H. , Beadle-Brown , J. , Wing , L. , Gould , J. , Shah , A. and Holmes , N. 2005 . Chronicity of challenging behaviors in people with severe intellectual disabilities and/or autism: A total population sample . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 35 : 405 – 418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myrbakk , E. and von Tetzchner , S. 2008 . Screening individuals with intellectual disability for psychiatric disorders: A comparison of four measures . American Journal on Mental Retardation , 113 : 54 – 70 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• N⊘ttestad , J. A. and Linaker , O. M. 2001 . Self-injurious behavior before and after deinstitutionalization . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 45 : 121 – 129 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owen , D. M. , Hastings , R. P. , Noone , S. J. , Chinn , J. , Harman , K. Roberts , J. 2004 . Life events as correlates of problem behavior and mental health in a residential population of adults with developmental disabilities . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 25 : 309 – 320 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi , H. and Alborz , A. 1992 . Epidemiology of challenging behavior . Mental Handicap Research , 5 : 130 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Reid , A. and Ballinger , B. R. 1995 . Behavior symptoms among severely and profoundly mentally retarded patients . British Journal of Psychiatry , 167 : 452 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiss , S. 1988 . Test manual for the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior , Orlando Park, IL : International Diagnostic Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Roid , D. and Miller , L. 1997 . Leiter International Performance Scale–Revised (Leiter–R) , Wood Dale, IL : Stoelting .
   Google Scholar
• Saloviita , T. 2000 . The structure and correlates of self-injurious behavior in an institutional setting . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 21 : 501 – 511 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schroeder , S. R. , Schroeder , C. S. , Smith , B. and Dalldorf , J. 1978 . Prevalence of self-injurious behaviors in a large state facility for the retarded: A three year follow up study . Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia , 8 : 261 – 269 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sparrow , S. S. , Balla , D. A. and Cicchetti , D. V. 1984 . The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Interview edition, expanded form , Circle Pines, MN : American Guidance Service .
   Google Scholar
• Statistical Yearbook for Norway. (2006). Oslo, Norway: Statistics Norway.
   Google Scholar
• Tsakanikos , E. , Costello , H. , Holt , G. , Sturmey , P. and Bouras , N. 2006 . Behavior management problems as predictors of psychotropic medication and use of psychiatric services in adults with autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 37 : 1080 – 1085 .
   Google Scholar
• Tyrer , F. , McGrother , C. M. , Thorp , C. F. , Donaldson , M. , Bhaumik , S. Watson , J. M. 2006 . Physical aggression towards others in adults with learning disabilities: Prevalence and associated factors . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 50 : 295 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrer , P. , Oliver-Africano , P. C. , Ahmed , Z. , Bouras , M. , Cooray , S. Deb , S. 2008 . Risperidone, haloperidol, and placebo in the treatment of aggressive challenging behaviour in patients with intellectual disability: A randomized controlled trial . Lancet , 371 : 57 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Tetzchner , S. 2003 . Utfordrende atferd , Oslo, , Norway : Gyldendal Akademisk . [Challenging behavior]
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D. 2003 . Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Norwegian edition (WAIS III) , Oslo, , Norway : Assessio .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1993 . ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders—Diagnostic criteria for research. ICD-10-DCR , Geneva, , Switzerland : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Young , L. and Ashman , A. F. 2004 . Deinstitutionalisation in Australia: Part II: Results from a long-term study . British Journal of Developmental Disabilities , 50 : 29 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar