HIV Voluntary Testing among Portuguese Women Attending Family Planning Clinics: Implications for HIV Prevention Education and Testing

References

• Abraham, C., & Sheeran, P. (2005). The health belief model. In M. Conner & P. Norman (Eds.), Predicting health behaviour: Research and practice with social cognition models (pp. 28–80). Buckingham: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Agha, S. (2012). Factors associated with HIV testing and condom use in Mozambique: Implications for programs. Reproductive Health, 9, 20. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-9-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2000). Social cognition models and health behaviour: A structured review. Psychology & Health, 15(2), 173–189. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870440008400299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assembleia da República (2011). Resolução da Assembleia da República número 161/2011 [The Parliament resolution number 161/2011]. DR n.° 249, Série I de 2011-12-29. Retrieved from http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2011/12/24900/0546305464.pdf. Accessed 24 May 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Bertozzi, S., Padian, N. S., Wegbreit, J., DeMaria, L. M., Feldeman, B., Gayle, H., et al. (2006). HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment. In: D. T. Jamison, J. G. Breman, A. R. Measham, et al. (Eds.), Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (pp. 331–369). Ret-rieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11782/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK11782.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bond, L., Lauby, J. & Batson, H. (2005). HIV testing and the role of individual- and structural-level barriers and facilitators. AIDS Care, 17(2), 125–140. doi:10.1080/09541020512331325653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldeira, K. M., Singer, B. J., O'Grady, K. E., Vincent, K. B., & Arria, A. M. (2012). HIV testing in recent college students: Prevalence and correlates. AIDS Education and Prevention, 24(4), 363–376. doi:10.1521/aeap.2012.24.4.363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter, C. J. (2010). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of health belief model variables in predicting behavior. Health Communication, 25(8), 661–669. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2010.521906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, E. (2006). Avaliação da Eficácia Relativa de Duas Intervenções Psicoeducativas Dirigidas à Prevenção do SIDA e Promoção da Saúde em Mulheres com Risco para o VIH. [Evaluation of the efficacy of two psychoeducational interventions to prevent AIDS and to promote health in women at risk for HIV]. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Costa, E., & McIntyre, T. (2002). Portuguese translation and adaptation of the questionnaires from the Women's Health Empowerment Project. Unpublished Manuscript. Department of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Crystal, N. P., Elder, K., Olatosi, B., Onsomu, E. O., Williams, E. M., Sebastian, N., et al. (2012). Beliefs and perception of risks of HIV among women that have never been tested for HIV in the United States. Journal of the National Medical Association, 104(9–10), 441–448. PMID:23342818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosby, R. A., Miller, K. H., Staten, R. R., & Noland, M. (2005). Prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among college students: An exploratory study. Sexual Health, 2(1), 19–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Paoli, M. M., Manongi, R., & Klepp, K. (2004). Factors influencing acceptability of voluntary counseling and HIV-testing among pregnant women in Northern Tanzania. AIDS Care, 16(4), 411–425. doi:10.1080/09540120410001683358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wit, J. B., & Adam, P. C. (2008). To test or not to test: Psychosocial barriers to HIV testing in high-income countries. HIV Medicine, 9(2), 20–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00586.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Direcção Geral da Saúde (2012). Programa Nacional de Prevenção e Controlo da Infecção VIH/SIDA 2012-2016. [National HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Programme 2012-2016] [On-Line]. Retrieved from http://pnvihsida.dgs.pt/programa-nacional111111111.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Eisele, T. P., Mathews, C., Chopra, M., Lurie, M. N., Brown, L., Dewing, S., et al. (2009). Changes in risk behavior among HIV-positive patients during their first year of antiretroviral therapy in Cape Town South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 13(6), 1097–1105. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9473-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Bassel, N., Caldeira, N. A., Ruglass, L. M., & Gilbert, L. (2009). Addressing the unique needs of African American women in HIV prevention. American Journal of Public Health, 99(6), 996–1001. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.140541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttmacher Institute (2014, June). Contraceptive Use in the United States. Fact Sheet, June 2014. Retrieved from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_contr_use.html
   Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E., Jackson, A. P., Lavin, J., Britton, P. J., & Sheperd, J. B. (1993). Safer sex knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of inner-city women. Health Psychology, 12(6), 481–488. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.12.6.481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E., Jackson, A. P., Lavin, J., Britton, P. J., & Sheperd, J. B. (1994). Reducing inner city women's AIDS risk activities: A study of single, pregnant women. Health Psychology, 13(5), 397–403. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.13.5.397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E., Jackson, A. P., Lavin, J., Johnson, R. J., & Schroder, K. E. E. (2002). Effects and generalizability of communally oriented HIV-AIDS prevention versus general health promotion groups for single, inner‐city women in urban clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(4), 950–960. doi:10.1037/0022‐006X.70.4.950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, S. I., & Wisenbaker, J. (2005). Using a web-based survey to assess correlates of intention towards HIV testing among never-been-tested but sexually experienced college students. AIDS Care, 17(3), 329–334. doi:10.1080/09540120412331299816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) (2014). Infecção VIH/SIDA: A Situação em Portugal a 31 de Dezembro de 2013. [HIV/AIDS: The situation of Portugal in 31 December 2013] (INSA No. 145). Retrieved from http://repositorio.insa.pt/bitstream/10400.18/2448/3/INSA-Relatorio_Infecao_HIV-SIDA_2013.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. T., Michie, S., & Snyder, L. B. (2014). Effects of behavioral intervention content on HIV prevention outcomes: A meta-review of meta-analyses. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 66 (3), 259–270. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000235
   Google Scholar
• Kalibala, S., Tun, W., Cherutich, P., Nganga, A., Oweya, E., Oluoch, P. (2014). Factors associated with acceptability of HIV self-testing among health care workers in Kenya. AIDS and Behavior, 18(4), 405–414. doi:10.1007/s10461-014-0830-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, P., Somini, J. M., Zemon, V. (2005). The health belief model, sexual behaviors, and HIV risk among Taiwanese immigrants. AIDS Education and Prevention, 17(5), 469–483. doi: 10.1521/aeap.2005.17.5.469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longmore, M. A., Johnson, W. L., Manning, W. D., & Giordano, P. C. (2013). HIV testing among heterosexual young adults: The influence of individual attitudes and behaviors, partners' risk-taking and relationship dynamics. Journal of Sex Research, 50(5), 489–501. doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.661101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacPhail, C., Pettifor, A., Moyo, W., & Rees, H. (2009). Factors associated with HIV testing among sexually active South African youth aged 15–24 years. AIDS Care, 21(4), 456–467. doi:10.1080/09540120802282586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mall, S., Middelkoop, K., Mark, D., Wood, R., & Bekker, L. G. (2013). Changing patterns in HIV/AIDS stigma and uptake of voluntary counselling and testing services: The results of two consecutive community surveys conducted in the Western Cape, South Africa. AIDS Care, 25(2), 194–201. doi:10.1080/09540121.2012.689810
   Google Scholar
• Marks, G., Crepaz, N., Senterfitt, J. W., & Janssen, R. S. (2005). Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: Implications for HIV prevention programs. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 39(4), 446–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massari, V., Lapostolle, A., Cadot, E., Parizot, I., Dray-Spira, R. & Chauvin, P. (2011). Gender, socio-economic status, migration origin and neighbourhood of residence are barriers to HIV testing in the Paris metropolitan area. AIDS Care, 23(12), 1609–1618. doi:10.1080/09540121.2011.579940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raba, G., Skret-Magierlo, J., & Skret, A. (2010). Knowledge about HIV infection and acceptability of HIV testing among women delivered in Podkarpackie Province, Poland. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 108(2), 108–110. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.08.024
   Google Scholar
• Ramiro, L., Reis, M., Matos, M. G., & Diniz, J. A. (2014). Trends in adolescent sexual behavior, impact of information, and attitudes about HIV/AIDS in Portugal. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 19(5), 614–624. doi:10.1080/13548506.2013.845299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remis, R. S., Merid, M. F., Palmer, R. W. H., Whittingham, E., King, S. M., Danson, N. S., et al. (2012). High uptake of HIV testing in pregnant women in Ontario, Canada. PLoS ONE, 7(11), e48077. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048077
   Google Scholar
• Rosenstock, I. M., Stretcher, V. J., & Becker, M. H. (1994). The health belief model and HIV risk behavior change. In R. J. DiClemente & J. L. Peterson (Eds.), Preventing AIDS: Theories and methods of behavioral interventions (pp. 5–25). New York: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sabato, T. M., Burnett, A. J., Kerr, D. L., & Wagner, L. (2013). Examining behavioral and psychosocial predictors of antibody testing among college youth: Implications for HIV prevention education and testing. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 8(1–2), 56–72. doi: 10.1080/15546128.2012.740893
   Google Scholar
• Schroder, K. E. E., Hobfoll, S. E., Jackson, A. P., & Lavin, J. (2001). Proximal and distal predictors of AIDS risk behaviors among inner‐city African American and European American women. Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 169–190. doi:10.1177/135910530100600207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzer, R., BaBler, J., Kwiatek, P., Schroder, K., & Zang, J. (1997). The assessment of optimistic self-beliefs: Comparison of the German, Spanish, and Chinese versions of the general self-efficacy scale. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 69–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01096.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherr, L., Lopman, B., Kakowa, M., Dube, S., Chawira, G., Nyamukapa, C., et al. (2007). Voluntary counselling and testing: uptake, impact on sexual behaviour, and HIV incidence in a rural Zimbabwean cohort. AIDS, 21(7), 851–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenkorang, E. Y., & Owusu, G. A. (2010). Correlates of HIV testing among women in Ghana: some evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys. AIDS Care, 22(3), 296–307. doi:10.1080/09540120903193716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdanpanah, Y., Perelman, J., DiLorenzo, M. A., Alves, J., Barros, H., Mateus, C., et al. (2013). Routine HIV screening in Portugal: Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e84173. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084173
   Google Scholar
• Wang, B., Li, X., Stanton, B., & McGuire, J., (2010). Correlates of HIV/STD testing and willingness to test among rural-to-urban migrants in China. AIDS and Behavior, 14(4), 891–903. doi: 10.1007/s10461-008-9482-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO & UNAIDS (2007). Guidance on provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling in health facilities. Report of the WHO on HIV/AIDS Programme. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/9789241595568_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) (2013). Scaling up HIV testing and counselling in the WHO European Region as an essential component of efforts to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support: policy framework. Report of the World Health Organization on HIV testing. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0007/85489/E93715.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vermeer, W., Bos, A. E., Mbwambo, J., Kaaya, S., & Schaalma, H. P. (2009). Social and cognitive variables predicting voluntary HIV counseling and testing among Tanzanian medical students. Patient Education and Counseling, 75(1), 135–140. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.08.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou, J., Yamanaka, Y., John, M., Watt, M., Ostermann, J., & Thielman, N. (2009). Religion and HIV in Tanzania: Influence of religious beliefs on HIV stigma, disclosure, and treatment attitudes. BMC Public Health, 9, 75. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar