Sexualized Drug Use and Chemsex: Their Association with Sexual Health Among Men who have Sex with Men Living in Greece

References

• Amaro, R. (2016). Taking chances for love? Reflections on love, risk, and harm reduction in a gay slamming subculture. Contemporary Drug Problems, 43(3), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091450916658295
   Google Scholar
• Balderson, B. H., Grothaus, L., Harrison, R. G., McCoy, K., Mahoney, C., & Catz, S. (2013). Chronic illness burden and quality of life in an aging HIV population. AIDS Care, 25(4), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.712669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, P., O'Donnell, K., Fitzgerald, M., Schmidt, A. J., Hickson, F., Quinlan, M., Keogh, P., O'Connor, L., McCartney, D., & Igoe, D. (2019). Drug use among men who have sex with men in Ireland: Prevalence and associated factors from a national online survey. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 64, 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benotsch, E. G., Lance, S. P., Nettles, C. D., & Koester, S. (2012). Attitudes toward methamphetamine use and HIV risk behavior in men who have sex with men. The American Journal on Addictions, 21, S35–S42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00294.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bohn, A., Sander, D., Köhler, T., Hees, N., Oswald, F., Scherbaum, N., Deimel, D., & Schecke, H. (2020). Chemsex and mental health of men who have sex with men in Germany. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 542301. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.542301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourne, A., Ong, J., & Pakianathan, M. (2018). Sharing solutions for a reasoned and evidence-based response: Chemsex/party and play among gay and bisexual men. Sex Health, 15(2), 99–101. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH18023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourne, A., Reid, D., Hickson, F., Torres-Rueda, S., & Weatherburn, P. (2015). Illicit drug use in sexual settings (“('chemsex') and HIV/STI transmission risk behaviour among gay men in South London: Findings from a qualitative study”). Sexually Transmitted Infections, 91(8), 564–568. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2015-052052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman, B., Psichogyiou, M., Papadopoulou, M., Sypsa, V., Khanna, A., Paraskevis, D., Chanos, S., Friedman, S. R., Hatzakis, A., & Schneider, J. (2021). Sexual mixing and HIV transmission potential among Greek men who have sex with men: Results from Sophocles. AIDS and Behavior, 25(6), 1935–1945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03123-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, R., De Boni, R. B., Luz, P. M., Velasque, L., Lopes, L. V., Medina-Lara, A., & Veloso, V. G. (2018). Health-related quality of life assessment among people living with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A cross-sectional study. Quality of Life Research, 28, 1035-1045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-2044-8.
   Google Scholar
• Daskalopoulou, M., Rodger, A., Phillips, A. N., Sherr, L., Speakman, A., Collins, S., Elford, J., Johnson, M. A., Gilson, R., Fisher, M., Wilkins, E., Anderson, J., McDonnell, J., Edwards, S., Perry, N., O'Connell, R., Lascar, M., Jones, M., Johnson, A. M., … Lampe, F. C. (2014). Recreational drug use, polydrug use, and sexual behaviour in HIV-diagnosed men who have sex with men in the UK: Results from the cross-sectional ASTRA study. The Lancet HIV, 1(1), e22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(14)70001-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai, M., Bourne, A., Hope, V., & Halkitis, P. N. (2018). Sexualised drug use: LGTB communities and beyond. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 55, 128–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.04.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmundson, C., Heinsbroek, E., Glass, R., Hope, V., Mohammed, H., White, M., & Desai, M. (2018). Sexualised drug use in the United Kingdom (UK): A review of the literature. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 55, 131–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.02.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, A. (2019). How cities erode gender inequality: A new theory and evidence from Cambodia. Gender & Society, 33(6), 961–914. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243219865510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evers, Y. J., Geraets, J. J. H., Van Liere, G. A. F. S., Hoebe, C. J. P. A., & Dukers-Muijrers, N. H. T. M. (2020). Attitude and beliefs about the social environment associated with chemsex among MSM visiting STI clinics in the Netherlands: An observational study. PLOS One, 15(7), e0235467. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, J. V., Corona Vargas, E., Finotelli Jr, I., Fortenberry, J. D., Kismödi, E., Philpott, A., Rubio-Aurioles, E., & Coleman, E. (2019). Why pleasure matters: Its global relevance for sexual health, sexual rights and wellbeing. International Journal of Sexual Health, 31(3), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2019.1654587
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, J. V., El Kak, F., Herbenick, D., Purdy, C., Tellone, S., Wasserman, M., & Coleman, E. (2021). Sexual pleasure and healthcare settings: Focusing on pleasure to improve healthcare delivery and utilization. International Journal of Sexual Health, 33 (4), 572–586. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2021.1955802
   Google Scholar
• Frankis, J., Flowers, P., McDaid, L., & Bourne, A. (2018). Low levels of chemsex among men who have sex with men, but high levels of risk among men who engage in chemsex: Analysis of a cross-sectional online survey across four countries. Sexual Health, 15(2), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH17159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giorgetti, R., Tagliabracci, A., Schifano, F., Zaami, S., Marinelli, E., & Busardò, F. P. (2017). When “chems” meet sex: A rising phenomenon called “ChemSex". Current Neuropharmacology, 15(5), 762–770. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X15666161117151148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glynn, R. W., Byrne, N., O’Dea, S., Shanley, A., Codd, M., Keenan, E., Ward, M., Igoe, D., & Clarke, S. (2018). Chemsex, risk behaviours and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in Dublin, Ireland. International Journal of Drug Policy, 52, 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerras, J.-M., Hoyos Miller, J., Agustí, C., Chanos, S., Pichon, F., Kuske, M., Cigan, B., Fuertes, R., Stefanescu, R., Ooms, L., Casabona, J., de la Fuente, L., Belza, M.-J., Fernández-Balbuena, S., Maté, T., Fernández, L., Platteau, T., Slaeen, P., Lixandru, M., & Cosic, M. (2021). Association of sexualized drug use patterns with HIV/STI transmission risk in an internet sample of men who have sex with men from seven European countries. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(2), 461–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01801-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammoud, M. A., Vaccher, S., Jin, F., Bourne, A., Haire, B., Maher, L., Lea, T., & Prestage, G. (2018). The new MTV generation: Using methamphetamine, Truvada™, and Viagra™ to enhance sex and stay safe. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 55, 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.02.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampel, B., Kusejko, K., Kouyos, R. D., Böni, J., Flepp, M., Stöckle, M., Conen, A., Béguelin, C., Künzler‐Heule, P., Nicca, D., Schmidt, A. J., Nguyen, H., Delaloye, J., Rougemont, M., Bernasconi, E., Rauch, A., Günthard, H. F., Braun, D. L., Fehr, J., … Yerly, S. (2020). Chemsex drugs on the rise: A longitudinal analysis of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 2007 to 2017. HIV Medicine, 21(4), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegazi, A., Lee, M., Whittaker, W., Green, S., Simms, R., Cutts, R., Nagington, M., Nathan, B., & Pakianathan, M. (2017). Chemsex and the city: Sexualised substance use in gay bisexual and other men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 28(4), 362–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416651229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbert, M. P., Brett, C., Porcellato, L. A., & Hope, V. D. (2019). Psychosocial and sexual characteristics associated with sexualized drug use and chemsex among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 95 (5), 342–349. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javaid, A. (2017). In the shadows: Making sense of gay male rape victims’ silence, suffering, and invisibility. International Journal of Sexual Health, 29(4), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2017.1309484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khantzian, E. J. (1985). The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: Focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 1259–1264. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.142.11.1259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell, S., Gafos, M., Moncrieff, M., Shahmanesh, M., & Stirrup, O. (2020). Pre-exposure prophylaxis use among men who have sex with men who have experienced problematic chemsex. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 31(5), 474–480. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462420906927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell, S., Shahmanesh, M., & Gafos, M. (2019). Chemsex behaviours among men who have sex with men: A systematic review of the literature. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 63, 74–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.11.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melendez-Torres, G. J., Bourne, A., Reid, D., Hickson, F., Bonell, C., & Weatherburn, P. (2017). Findings from within-subjects comparisons of drug use and sexual risk behaviour in men who have sex with men in England. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 28 (3), 250–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416642125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miners, A., Phillips, A., Kreif, N., Rodger, A., Speakman, A., Fisher, M., Anderson, J., Collins, S., Hart, G., Sherr, L., & Lampe, F. C. (2014). Health-related quality-of-life of people with HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral treatment: A cross-sectional comparison with the general population. The Lancet HIV, 1(1), e32-40–e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(14)70018-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottaway, Z., Finnerty, F., Buckingham, T., & Richardson, D. (2017). Increasing rates of reported chemsex/sexualised recreational drug use in men who have sex with men attending for postexposure prophylaxis for sexual exposure. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 93(1), 31–31. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2016-052877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakianathan, M., Daley, N., & Hegazi, A. (2016). Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men: Time to end the fixation with HIV. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 354, i4739. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4739
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pakianathan, M., Whittaker, W., Lee, M., Avery, J., Green, S., Nathan, B., & Hegazi, A. (2018). Chemsex and new HIV diagnosis in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics. HIV Medicine, 19(7), 485–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12629
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platteau, T., Nöstlinger, C., Schrooten, W., Kenyon, C., van Lankveld, J. J. D. M., & Colebunders, R. (2015). Sexual inactivity among men who have sex with men living with HIV in Europe. International Journal of Sexual Health: Official Journal of the World Association for Sexual Health, 27(2), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2014.956852
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platteau, T., Pebody, R., Dunbar, N., Lebacq, T., & Collins, B. (2019). The problematic chemsex journey: A resource for prevention and harm reduction. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 19(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-11-2018-0066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulios, A. (2019). Υστορίες οροθετικότητας: το σώμα ως φραγμός στην εισβολή του σύγχρονου κοινωνικού Άλλου [Hystories of seropositivity: The body as barrier versus the intrusion of the contemporary social Other]. In L. Canellopoulou (Ed.), Υποκειμενικότητα σε δοκιμασία στον σύγχρονο κοινωνικό δεσμό [Subjectivity under trial in the contemporary social bond] (pp. 104–128). Pedion.
   Google Scholar
• Poulios, A. (2020a). Εισαγωγή στο chemsex: από το φαινόμενο στο υποκείμενο [Introduction to chemsex: from the phenomenon to the subject]. In N. Papathanasiou & E. O. Christidi (Eds.), Συμπερίληψη και ανθεκτικότητα [Inclusion and resilience] (pp. 377–402). Gutenberg.
   Google Scholar
• Poulios, A. (2020b). Σεξουαλικότητα και HIV: gay και κοινωνικώς μεταδιδόμενα νοσήματα [Sexuality and HIV: Gay and Social Transmitted Infections]. In N. Papathanasiou & E. O. Christidi (Eds.), Συμπερίληψη και ανθεκτικότητα [Inclusion and resilience] (pp. 342–370). Gutenberg.
   Google Scholar
• Power, J., Mikołajczak, G., Bourne, A., Brown, G., Leonard, W., Lyons, A., Dowsett, G., & Lucke, J. (2018). Sex, drugs and social connectedness: Wellbeing among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men who use party-and-play drugs. Sex Health, 15(2), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH17151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pufall, E., Kall, M., Shahmanesh, M., Nardone, A., Gilson, R., Delpech, V., & Ward, H. (2018). Sexualized drug use (“chemsex”) and high-risk sexual behaviours in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. HIV Medicine, 19(4), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosińska, M., Gios, L., Nöstlinger, C., Vanden Berghe, W., Marcus, U., Schink, S., Sherriff, N., Jones, A.-M., Folch, C., Dias, S., Velicko, I., & Mirandola, M. (2018). Prevalence of drug use during sex amongst MSM in Europe: Results from a multi-site bio-behavioural survey. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 55, 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rueda, S., Mitra, S., Chen, S., Gogolishvili, D., Globerman, J., Chambers, L., Wilson, M., Logie, C. H., Shi, Q., Morassaei, S., & Rourke, S. B. (2016). Examining the association between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: A series of meta-analyses. BMJ Open, 13(7), 6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011453
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, A. J., Bourne, A., Weatherburn, P., Reid, D., Marcus, U., & Hickson, F. (2016). Illicit drug use among gay and bisexual men in 44 cities: Findings from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS). The International Journal on Drug Policy, 38, 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sewell, J., Cambiano, V., Speakman, A., Lampe, F. C., Phillips, A., Stuart, D., Gilson, R., Asboe, D., Nwokolo, N., Clarke, A., & Rodger, A. J. (2019). Changes in chemsex and sexual behaviour over time, among a cohort of MSM in London and Brighton: Findings from the AURAH2 study. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 68, 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.03.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, V., & Tasker, F. (2018). Gay men's chemsex survival stories. Sexual Health, 15(2), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH17122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuart, D. (2014). Sexualized drug use by MSM (ChemSex): A toolkit for GUM/HIV staff. HIV Nursing, 14, 15–19.
   Google Scholar
• Stuart, D. (2019). Chemsex: Origins of the word, a history of the phenomenon and a respect to the culture. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 19(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-10-2018-0058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuart, D., & Weymann, J. (2015). ChemSex and care-planning: One year in practice. HIV Nursing, 15, 24–28.
   Google Scholar