Tailoring Sexual Health Interventions for Middle-Aged and Older Adults, Including Vulnerable Populations: A Scoping Review

References

• Adams, S. G., Dubbert, P. M., Chupurdia, K. M., Jones, A., Lofland, K. R., & Leermakers, E. (1996). Assessment of sexual beliefs and information in aging couples with sexual dysfunction. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 25(3), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02438164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Age UK. (2019). As STIs in older people continue to rise Age UK calls to end the stigma about sex and intimacy in later life. https://www.ageuk.org.uk/latest-press/articles/2019/october/as-stis-in-older-people-continue-to-rise-age-uk-calls-to-end-the-stigma-about-sex-and-intimacy-in-later-life/
   Google Scholar
• Ahluwalia, J., Baranowski, T., Braithwaite, R., & Resnicow, K. (1999). Cultural sensitivity in public health: Defined and demystified. Ethnicity & Disease, 9(1), 10–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
   Google Scholar
• Bach, L., Mortimer, J., VandeWeerd, C., & Corvin, J. (2013). The association of physical and mental health with sexual activity in older adults in a retirement community. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10(11), 2671–2678. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baraitser, P., Pearce, V., Blake, G., Collander-Brown, K. B., & Ridley, A. (2005). Involving service users in sexual health service development. The Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 31(4), 281–284. https://doi.org/10.1783/147118905774480590
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beck, A., Majumdar, A., Estcourt, C., & Petrak, J. (2005). “We don’t really have cause to discuss these things, they don’t affect us”: A collaborative model for developing culturally appropriate sexual health services with the Bangladeshi community of Tower Hamlets. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 81(2), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2004.012195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, C., McSweeney, J. C., Richards, K. C., Roberson, P. K., Tsai, P. F., & Souder, E. (2010). Challenges in tailored intervention research. Nursing Outlook, 58(2), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2009.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begley, T., Daly, L., Downes, C., De Vries, J., Sharek, D., & Higgins, A. (2022). Training programmes for practitioners in sexual health promotion: An integrative literature review of evaluations. Sex Education, 22(1), 84–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2021.1887845
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton, A. D., Santana, A., Vinklarek, A. J., Lewis, C. M., Sorensen, J. M., & Hernandez, A. (2020). Peer-led sexual health education: Multiple perspectives on benefits for peer health educators. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 37(5), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-020-00661-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergeron, C. D., Goltz, H. H., Szucs, L. E., Reyes, J. V., Wilson, K. L., Ory, M. G., & Smith, M. L. (2017). Exploring sexual behaviors and health communication among older women. Health Care for Women International, 38(12), 1356–1372. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2017.1329308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. (2016). Standards for the management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in outreach services. https://www.bashh.org/about-bashh/publications/standards-for-the-management-of-stis/
   Google Scholar
• Chou, D., Cottler, S., Khosla, R., Reed, G., & Say, L. (2015). Sexual health in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD): Implications for measurement and beyond. Reproductive Health Matters, 23(46), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhm.2015.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, E., Corona-Vargas, E., & Ford, J. V. (2021). Advancing sexual pleasure as a fundamental human right and essential for sexual health, overall health and wellbeing: An introduction to the special issue on sexual pleasure. International Journal of Sexual Health, 33(4), 473–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2021.2015507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conner, K. O., McKinnon, S. A., Ward, C. J., Reynolds, C. F. I., & Brown, C. (2015). Peer education as a strategy for reducing internalized stigma among depressed older adults. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 38(2), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conners, E. E., Hagedorn, H. J., Butler, J. N., Felmet, K., Hoang, T., Wilson, P., Klima, G., Sudzina, E., & Anaya, H. D. (2012). Evaluating the implementation of nurse-initiated HIV rapid testing in three Veterans Health Administration substance use disorder clinics. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 23(11), 799–805. https://doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2012.012050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalrymple, J., Booth, J., Flowers, P., & Lorimer, K. (2017). Psychosocial factors influencing risk-taking in middle age for STIs. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 93(1), 32–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, S. C. (2016). Annual report of the chief medical officer 2015, on the state of the public’s health, baby boomers: Fit for the future. Department of Health. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/654806/CMO_baby_boomers_annual_report_2015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• DeMarco, R. F., & Chan, K. (2013). The Sistah Powah structured writing intervention: A feasibility study for aging, low-income, HIV-positive black women. American Journal of Health Promotion, 28(2), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.120227-QUAN-115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denford, S., Abraham, C., Campbell, R., & Busse, H. (2017, January 2). A comprehensive review of reviews of school-based interventions to improve sexual-health. Health Psychology Review, 11(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2016.1240625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health. (2013). A framework for sexual health improvement in England. Crown Copyright. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/142592/9287-2900714-TSO-SexualHealthPolicyNW_ACCESSIBLE.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dobson, E., Beckmann, N., & Forrest, S. (2017). Educator–student communication in sex & relationship education: A comparison of teacher and peer-led interventions. Pastoral Care in Education, 35(4), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2017.1350202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echenique, M., Illa, L., Saint-Jean, G., Avellaneda, V. B., Sanchez-Martinez, M., & Eisdorfer, C. (2013). Impact of a secondary prevention intervention among HIV-positive older women. AIDS Care, 25(4), 443–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.712666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezhova, I., Savidge, L., Bonnett, C., Cassidy, J., Okwuokei, A., & Dickinson, T. (2020). Barriers to older adults seeking sexual health advice and treatment: A scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 107, 103566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fava, N. M., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2021). Trauma-informed sex positive approaches to sexual pleasure. International Journal of Sexual Health, 7(1), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2021.1961965
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, L. (2010). Sex, romance, and relationships: AARP survey of midlife and older adults. AARP Research. https://doi.org/10.26419/res.00063.001
   Google Scholar
• Foley, S. (2015). Older adults and sexual health: A review of current literature. Current Sexual Health Reports, 7(2), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-015-0046-x
   Google Scholar
• Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H. J., Shiu, C., Goldsen, J., & Emlet, C. A. (2015). Successful aging among LGBT older adults: Physical and mental health-related quality of life by age group. The Gerontologist, 55(1), 154–168. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frohlich, K. L., & Potvin, L. (2008). Transcending the known in public health practice: The inequality paradox: The population approach and vulnerable populations. American Journal of Public Health, 98(2), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.114777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie, B. J. (2017). Sexual synchronicity and communication among partnered older adults. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 43(5), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2016.1182826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halvorsrud, K., Kucharska, J., Adlington, K., Rüdell, K., Brown Hajdukova, E., Nazroo, J., Haarmans, M., Rhodes, J., & Bhui, K. (2021). Identifying evidence of effectiveness in the co-creation of research: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the international healthcare literature. Journal of Public Health, 43(1), 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidari, S. (2016). Sexuality and older people: A neglected issue. Reproductive Health Matters, 24(48), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhm.2016.11.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinemann, J., Atallah, S., & Rosenbaum, T. (2016). The impact of culture and ethnicity on sexuality and sexual function. Current Sexual Health Reports, 8(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-016-0088-8
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez, I., Reina-Ortiz, M., K. Yusuf, K., Ochoa, T., Rosas, C., Sharma, V., Naik, E., Salihu, H. M., Terán, S., Izurieta, R., & Teran, E. (2019). Risk factors for HIV and STI among female sex workers in a high HIV prevalent region of Ecuador. Cogent Medicine, 6(1), 1565292. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1565292
   Google Scholar
• Hind, J. (2013). Commissioning sexual health services and interventions. London. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/commissioning-sexual-health-services-and-interventions-best-practice-guidance-for-local-authorities
   Google Scholar
• Hogben, M., Ford, J., Becasen, J. S., & Brown, K. F. (2015). A systematic review of sexual health interventions for adults: Narrative evidence. Journal of Sex Research, 52(4), 444–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2014.973100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holloway, I. W., Winder, T. J., Lea, C. H., Tan, D., Boyd, D., & Novak, D. (2017). Technology use and preferences for mobile phone-based HIV prevention and treatment among black young men who have sex with men: Exploratory research. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 5(4), e46. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.6436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horodyska, K., Luszczynska, A., van den Berg, M., Hendriksen, M., Roos, G., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Brug, J. (2015). Good practice characteristics of diet and physical activity interventions and policies: An umbrella review. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1354-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hughes, A. K., & Lewinson, T. D. W. (2015). Facilitating communication about sexual health between aging women and their health care providers. Qualitative Health Research, 25(4), 540–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732314551062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illa, L., Echenique, M., Jean, G. S., Bustamante-Avellaneda, V., Metsch, L., Mendez-Mulet, L., Eisdorfer, C., & Sanchez-Martinez, M. (2010). Project ROADMAP: Reeducating older adults in maintaining AIDS prevention: A secondary intervention for older HIV-positive adults. AIDS Education and Prevention: Official Publication of the International Society for AIDS Education, 22(2), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2010.22.2.138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khong, L., Berlach, R., Hill, K., & Hill, A.-M. (2017). Can peer education improve beliefs, knowledge, motivation and intention to engage in falls prevention amongst community-dwelling older adults? European Journal of Ageing, 14(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-016-0408-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leask, C. F., Sandlund, M., Skelton, D. A., Altenburg, T. M., Cardon, G., Chinapaw, M. J. M., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Verloigne, M., & Chastin, S. F. M. (2019). Framework, principles and recommendations for utilising participatory methodologies in the co-creation and evaluation of public health interventions. Research Involvement and Engagement, 5(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-018-0136-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee, L. (2015). Sexual health. In M. Moore (Ed.), Annual report of the chief medical officer 2015: On the state of the public’s health baby boomers: Fit for the future (pp. 137–156). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/654806/CMO_baby_boomers_annual_report_2015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lee, D. M., Nazroo, J., O'Connor, D. B., Blake, M., & Pendleton, N. (2016). Sexual health and well-being among older men and women in England: Findings from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(1), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0465-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, R., Mitchell, K. R., Mercer, C. H., Datta, J., Jones, K. G., & Wellings, K. (2020). Navigating new sexual partnerships in midlife: A socioecological perspective on factors shaping STI risk perceptions and practices. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 96(4), 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovejoy, T. I., & Heckman, T. G. (2014). Depression moderates treatment efficacy of an HIV secondary-prevention intervention for HIV-positive late middle-age and older adults. Behavioral Medicine, 40(3), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2014.893982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovejoy, T. I., Heckman, T. G., Sikkema, K. J., Hansen, N. B., & Kochman, A. (2015). Changes in sexual behavior of HIV-infected older adults enrolled in a clinical trial of standalone group psychotherapies targeting depression. AIDS and Behavior, 19(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0746-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovejoy, T. I., Heckman, T. G., Suhr, J. A., Anderson, T., Heckman, B. D., & France, C. R. (2011). Telephone-administered motivational interviewing reduces risky sexual behavior in HIV-positive late middle-age and older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial. AIDS and Behavior, 15(8), 1623–1634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-0016-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malta, S., Temple‐Smith, M., Bickerstaffe, A., Bourchier, L., & Hocking, J. (2020). ‘That might be a bit sexy for somebody your age’: Older adult sexual health conversations in primary care. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 39(S1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12762
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Metusela, C., Ussher, J., Perz, J., Hawkey, A., Morrow, M., Narchal, R., Estoesta, J., & Monteiro, M. (2017). “In my culture, we don’t know anything about that”: Sexual and reproductive health of migrant and refugee women. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24(6), 836–845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017-9662-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minichiello, V., Rahman, S., Hawkes, G., & Pitts, M. (2012). STI epidemiology in the global older population: Emerging challenges. Perspectives in Public Health, 132(4), 178–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913912445688
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, K., Lewis, R., O'Sullivan, L. F., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2021). What is sexual wellbeing and why does it matter for public health? A paradigm shift for public health inquiry and intervention in sexuality. Lancet Public Health, 6(8), e608–e613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00099-2
   Google Scholar
• Moghalu, O., Hotaling, J., & Pastuszak, A. (2020). Psychiatric comorbidities and sexual health. Current Sexual Health Reports, 12(3), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-020-00264-6
   Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D., & The PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash, P., Willis, P., Tales, A., & Cryer, T. (2015). Sexual health and sexual activity in later life. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 25(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259815000015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2018). Quality standards and indicators: Briefing paper sexual health (pp. 1–69). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs157/documents/briefing-paper
   Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2019). NICEimpact: Sexual Health. https://www.nice.org.uk/Media/Default/About/what-we-do/Into-practice/measuring-uptake/NICEimpact-sexual-health.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Pham, M. T., Rajić, A., Greig, J. D., Sargeant, J. M., Papadopoulos, A., & Mcewen, S. A. (2014). A scoping review of scoping reviews: Advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency. Research Synthesis Methods, 5(4), 371–385. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Politi, M. C., Clark, M. A., Armstrong, G., McGarry, K. A., & Sciamanna, C. N. (2009). Patient-provider communication about sexual health among unmarried middle-aged and older women. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(4), 511–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-009-0930-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Public Health England, & Department of Health and Social Care. (2018). Integrated sexual health services: A suggested national service specification. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/731140/integrated-sexual-health-services-specification.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rabathaly, P., & Chattu, V. K. (2019). Emphasizing the importance of sexual healthcare among middle and old age groups: A high time to re-think? Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine, 10(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_128_18
   Google Scholar
• Rahn, A., Bennett, C., Jones, T., & Lykins, A. (2020). Happily partnered older adults’ relationship‐enhancing behaviours. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 39(S1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12731
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaller, S., Traeen, B., & Lundin Kvalem, I. (2020). Barriers and facilitating factors in help-Seeking: A qualitative study on how older adults experience talking about sexual issues with healthcare personnel. International Journal of Sexual Health, 32(2), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2020.1745348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikh, M., & MacIntyre, R. (2009). The impact of intensive health promotion to a targeted refugee population on utilisation of a new refugee paediatric clinic at the children’s hospital at Westmead. Ethnicity & Health, 14(4), 393–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557850802653780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, J., Fraser, S., Church, S., Wight, D., & Eaglesham, P. (2009). The sexual health and wellbeing needs of vulnerable groups in Scotland: A scoping review of research literature. NHS Health Scotland. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/82313/
   Google Scholar
• Sinković, M., & Towler, L. (2019). Sexual aging: A systematic review of qualitative research on the sexuality and sexual health of older adults. Qualitative Health Research, 29(9), 1239–1254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318819834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sladden, T., Philpott, A., Braeken, D., Castellanos-Usigli, A., Yadav, V., Christie, E., Gonsalves, L., & Mofokeng, T. (2021). Sexual health and well-being throughout the life course: Ensuring sexual health rights and pleasure for all. International Journal of Sexual Health, 33(4), 565–571. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2021.1991071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, L., Yang, L., Veronese, N., Soysal, P., Stubbs, B., & Jackson, S. E. (2019). Sexual activity is associated with greater enjoyment of life in older adults. Sexual Medicine, 7(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2018.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swartz, L., Sherman, C., Harvey, S., Blanchard, J., Vawter, F., & Gau, J. (2011). Midlife women online: Evaluation of an Internet-based program to prevent unintended pregnancy & STIs. Journal of Women & Aging, 23(4), 342–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2011.613255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, T. N., Munoz-Plaza, C. E., Goparaju, L., Martinez, O., Holman, S., Minkoff, H. L., Karpiak, S. E., Gandhi, M., Cohen, M. H., Golub, E. T., Levine, A. M., Adedimeji, A. A., Gonsalves, R., Bryan, T., Connors, N., Schechter, G., & Wilson, T. E. (2017). “The pleasure is better as I’ve gotten older”: Sexual health, sexuality, and sexual risk behaviors among older women living with HIV. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(4), 1137–1150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0751-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terrence Higgins Trust. (2018). Still got it: Sexual health of the over 50s. https://www.tht.org.uk/sites/default/files/2018-04/Still%20Got%20It%20-%20Over%2050s%20Insight%20Briefing.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Thoss, E. (2013). Ageing in the context of sexual and reproductive health and rights. Entre Nous, 77, 10–11. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/183448/Entre-Nous-77-Eng.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar
• Traeen, B., Hald, G. M., Graham, C. A., Enzlin, P., Janssen, E., Kvalem, I. L., Carvalheira, A., & Štulhofer, A. (2017). Sexuality in older adults (65+)—An overview of the literature, part 1: Sexual function and its difficulties. International Journal of Sexual Health, 29(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2016.1224286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traeen, B., Štulhofer, A., Janssen, E., Carvalheira, A. A., Hald, G. M., Lange, T., & Graham, C. (2019). Sexual activity and sexual satisfaction among older adults in four European countries. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(3), 815–829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1256-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremayne, P., & Norton, W. (2017). Sexuality and the older woman. British Journal of Nursing, 26(14), 819–824. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2017.26.14.819
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O'Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., … Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turan, B., Budhwani, H., Fazeli, P. L., Browning, W. R., Raper, J. L., Mugavero, M. J., & Turan, J. M. (2017). How does stigma affect people living with HIV? The mediating roles of internalized and anticipated HIV stigma in the effects of perceived community stigma on health and psychosocial outcomes. AIDS and Behavior, 21(1), 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1451-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velten, J., & Margraf, J. (2017). Satisfaction guaranteed? How individual, partner, and relationship factors impact sexual satisfaction within partnerships. PLoS One, 12(2), e0172855. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikström, E., Eriksson, E.-M., & Lindroth, M. (2018). Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) education with homeless people in Sweden. Sex Education, 18(6), 1–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2018.1451320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Association for Sexual Health. (2021). Declaration of sexual pleasure. https://worldsexualhealth.net/resources/declaration-on-sexual-pleasure/
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2006). Defining sexual health. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/gender_rights/defining_sexual_health.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2015b). Sexual health, human rights and the law. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/175556/1/9789241564984_eng.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2016). Global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections 2016-2021 towards ending STIs. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/246296/1/WHO-RHR-16.09-eng.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2018). Report on the health of refugees and migrants in the WHO European Region. https://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/html/report-on-the-health-of-refugees-and-migrants-in-the-who-european-region-no-public-health-without-refugee-and-migrant-health-2018/en/index.html
   Google Scholar