References
- World Health Organization. Definition of Cardiovascular Diseases. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/cardiovascular-diseases/cardiovascular-diseases2/definition-of-cardiovascular-diseases. Updated 2017. Accessed August 30, 2017.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading Causes of Death in Females, 2014. https://www.cdc.gov/women/lcod/2014/race-ethnicity/index.htm. Published 2015. Accessed June 1, 2016.
- Tchwenko SN. The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in North Carolina: September 2012 Update. http://startwithyourheart.com/Data/_downloads/Burden%20of%20CVD%20in%20NC_TEXT_2012%20update_Posted_12-21-2012_2.pdf. Published September 2012. Accessed June 2, 2016.
- CDC Foundation. Heart Disease and Stroke Cost America Nearly 1 Billion a Day in Medical Cost, Lost Productivity. http://www.cdcfoundation.org/pr/2015/heart-disease-and-stroke-cost-america-nearly-1-billion-day-medical-costs-lost-productivity. Published April 29, 2015. Accessed June 7, 2016.
- World Health Organization. Types of Cardiovascular Disease. http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/cvd_atlas_01_types.pdf. Accessed August 30, 2017.
- National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2012: With Special Feature on Emergency Care. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus12.pdf. Published May 2013. Accessed June 7, 2016.
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. What Is Coronary Heart Disease? https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad. Updated June 22, 2016. Accessed February 8, 2017.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart Disease Fact Sheet. https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_heart_disease.htm. Updated August 23, 2017. Accessed August 30, 2017.
- Odgen CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2011–2012. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db131.htm. Published October 2013. Accessed June 7, 2016.
- American Heart Association. Fact Sheet: Cardiovascular Disease: Women’s No. 1 Health Threat. https://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@adv/documents/downloadable/ucm_472728.pdf. Accessed June 1, 2016.
- Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127:e6–e245. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31828124ad.
- Office of Minority Health. Obesity and African Americans. http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlID=25. Published June 15, 2016. Accessed February 8, 2017.
- Office of Research on Women’s Health. Women of Color Health Data Book. 4th ed. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2014. https://orwh.od.nih.gov/resources/pdf/WoC-Databook-FINAL.pdf. Accessed June 7, 2016.
- Giardina EG, Mull L, Sciacca RR, et al. Relationship between cardiovascular disease knowledge and race/ethnicity, education, and weight status. Clin Cardiol. 2012;35:43–48. doi: 10.1002/clc.20992.
- Hamner J, Wilder B. Knowledge and risk factor of cardiovascular disease among rural Alabama women. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2008;20:333–338. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2008.00326.x.
- Flink LE, Sciacca RR, Bier ML, Rodriguez JG. Women at risk for cardiovascular disease lack knowledge of heart attack symptoms. Clin Investig. 2008;36(3):133–138.
- Villablanca AC, Slee C, Lianov L, Tancredi D. Outcomes for cardiovascular disease prevention by race, ethnicity, and urban/rural status. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016;5:1174–1186. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5387.
- Jouyandeh Z, Nayebzadeh F, Qorbani M, Asadi M. Metabolic syndrome and menopause. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12:1–4. doi: 10.1186/2251-6581-12-1.
- Mosca L, Hammond G, Mochari-Greenberger H, Towfighi A, Albeert MA. Fifteen-year trends in awareness of heart disease in women: results of a 2012 American Heart Association national survey. Circulation. 2013;127:1254–1263. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318287cf2f.
- Giadina EV, Sciacca RR, Fody JM, et al. The DHHS Office of Women’s Health Initiative to Improve Women’s Health: focus on knowledge and awareness among women with cardiometabolic risk factors. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011;20:893–900. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2448.
- Long T, Taubenheim A, Wayman J, Temple S, Ruoff B. “The Heart Truth”: using the power of branding and social marketing to increase awareness of heart disease in women. Soc Mar Q. 2008;14(3):3–29. doi: 10.1080/15245000802279334.
- Qian J, Wang B, Dawkins N, Gray A, Pace R. Reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in African Americans with a 12-week nutrition education program. Nutr Res. 2007;27(5):252–257. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.03.005.
- Whitt-Glover M, Kumanyika SK. Systematic review of interventions to increase physical activity and physical fitness in African-Americans. Am J Health Promot. 2009;23(6):S33–S56. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.070924101.
- Rosamond WD, Ammerman A, Holliday JL, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factor intervention in low-income women: the North Carolina WISEWOMAN project. Prev Med. 2000;31:370–379. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0726.
- Sanchez RJ, Badger Heart KL. Program: health screenings targeted to increase cardiovascular awareness in women at four northern sites in Wisconsin. WMJ. 2005;104(6):24–29.
- Albright C, Thompson DL. The effectiveness of walking in preventing cardiovascular disease in women: a review of the current literatures. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2006;15(3):271–280. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.271.
- McCauley KM. Modifying women’s risk for cardiovascular disease. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2007;36(2):116–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00125.x.
- Krummel DA, Dyann MK, Bronner Y, et al. Cardiovascular health interventions in women: what works? J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2001;10(2):117–136. doi: 10.1089/152460901300039467.
- Chin MH, Walters AE, Cook SC, Huang ES. Interventions to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Med Care Res Rev. 2007;64(5):7S–28S. doi: 10.1177/1077558707305413.
- Barrera M, Castro FG, Strycker LA, Toobert DJ. Cultural adaptations of behavioral health interventions: a progress report. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(2):196–205. doi: 10.1037/a0027085.
- Kreuter MW, Lukwago SN, Bucholtz DC, Clark EM, Sanders-Thompson V. Achieving cultural appropriateness in health promotion programs: targeted and tailored approaches. Health Educ Behav. 2002;30(2):133–146. doi: 10.1177/1090198102251021.
- Whitt-Glover MC, Keith NR, Ceaser TG, et al. A systematic review of physical activity interventions among African American adults: evidence from 2009 to 2013. Obes Rev. 2014;15(Suppl 4):125–145. doi: 10.1111/obr.12205.
- Scharff DP, Mathews KJ, Jackson P, et al. More than Tuskegee: understanding mistrust about research participation. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2010;21:879–897. doi: 10.1353/hpu.0.0323.
- Williams MM, Scharff DP, Mathews KJ, et al. Barriers and facilitators of African American participation in Alzheimer’s disease biomarker research. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2010;24(Suppl):S24–S29.
- Thomas S, Reading J, Shephard RJ. Revision of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). Can J Sport Sci. 1992;17:338–345.
- Joseph RP, Keller C, Affuso O, Ainsworth BE. Designing culturally relevant physical activity programs for African-American women: a framework for intervention development. J Racial Ethn Health Dispar. 2016;4:397–409. doi: 10.1007/s40615-016-0240-1.
- U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Public Housing. https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/ph. Updated 2016. Accessed June 1, 2016.
- Oliver-McNeil S, Artinian NT. Women’s perceptions of personal cardiovascular risk and their risk-reducing behaviors. Am J Crit Care. 2002;11(3):221–227.
- Smith MM, Hicks VL, Heyward VH. Coronary heart disease knowledge test: developing a valid and reliable tool. Nurse Pract. 1991;31:35–38.
- IBM Corp. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Ver. 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.; 2013.
- Winham DM, Jones KM. Knowledge of young African American adults about heart disease: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:248–259. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-248.
- Bergman H, Reeve BB, Moser RP, Scholl S, Klein WM. Development of a comprehensive heart disease knowledge questionnaire. Am J Health Educ. 2011;42(2):74–87. doi: 10.1080/19325037.2011.10599175.
- Voils CI, King HA, Maciejewski ML, et al, Approaches for informing optimal dose of behavioral interventions. Ann Behav Med. 2014;48:392–401. doi: 10.1007/s12160-014-9618-7.
- Artinian NT, Fletcher GJ, Mozaffarian D, et al. Interventions to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes for cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;122:406–441. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181e8edf1.