References
- Sparling PB, Redican KJ. iHealth: An Interactive Framework. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2020.
- Public Health. Obesity in America: what are the consequences? https://www.publichealth.org/public-awareness/obesity/consequences/. Updated 2021. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and obesity: adult obesity facts. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html. Updated June 7, 2020. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health of Black or African American non-Hispanic population. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/Black-health.htm. Updated May 7, 2020. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- Alabama Public Health. Alabama health rankings. https://www.alabamapublichealth.gov/healthrankings/. Updated January 26, 2018. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- American Heart Association. What about African Americans and high blood pressure? https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/pe-abh-what-about-african-americans-and-high-blood-pressure-ucm_300463.pdf?la=en. Published 2017. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- World Health Organization. Physical activity. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/. Updated 2021. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services; 2018.
- Diaz KM, Diaz KM, Booth JN, et al. Physical activity and incident hypertension in African Americans: the Jackson heart study. Hypertension. 2017;69(3):421–427. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08398.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Physical activity: data and statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/data/index.html. Published 2020. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- Koski M, Naukkarinen H. The relationship between stress and severe obesity: a case-control study. Biomed Hub. 2017;2(1):1–13. doi:10.1159/000458771.
- Monroe CM, Turner-mcgrievy G, Larsen CA, et al. College freshmen students’ perspectives on weight gain prevention in the digital age: web-based survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2017;3(4):e71. doi:10.2196/publichealth.7875.
- Chow P, Flynn DM. The development of the student stressors and emotional disturbance scale. Coll Stud J. 2015;50:191–198.
- Hootman KC, Guertin KA, Cassano PA. Stress and psychological constructs related to eating behavior are associated with anthropometry and body composition in young adults. Appetite. 2018;125:287–294. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.003.
- Willis HA, Neblett EW. Racial identity and changes in psychological distress using the multidimensional model of racial identity. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2020;26(4):509–519. doi:10.1037/cdp0000314.
- Graham PW, Yaros A, Lowe A, McDaniel MS. Nurturing environments for boys and men of color with trauma exposure. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2017;20(2):105–116. doi:10.1007/s10567-017-0241-6.
- Aymer SR. “I can’t breathe”: a case study—helping black men cope with race-related trauma stemming from police killing and brutality. J Hum Behav Soc Environ. 2016;26(3–4):367–376. doi:10.1080/10911359.2015.1132828.
- Watson-Singleton NN, Mekawi Y, Wilkins KV, Jatta IF. Racism’s effect on depressive symptoms: examining perseverative cognition and Black Lives Matter activism as moderators. J Couns Psych. 2020;68:2–37.
- Bell KA, Kobayashi I, Akeeb A, Layela J, Mellman TA. Emotional response to perceived racism and nocturnal heart rate variability in young adult African Americans. J Psychosom Res. 2019;121:88–92. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.03.180.
- Krebs P, Norcross JC, Nicholson JM, Prochaska JO. Stages of change and psychotherapy outcomes: a review and meta‐analysis. J Clin Psychol. 2018;74:1964–1979.
- Creswell JW, Gutterman TC. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall; 2019.
- Cottrell & McKenzie. Health Promotion & Education Research Methods: Using the Five-Chapter Thesis/Dissertation Model. 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2011.
- Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, Rossi JS, et al. Stages of change and decisional balance for 12 problem behaviors. Health Psychol. 1994;13(1):39–46. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.13.1.39.
- Marcus BH, Selby VC, Niaura RS, Rossi JS. Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1992;63(1):60–66. doi:10.1080/02701367.1992.10607557.
- Cardinal BJ. Behavioural and biometric comparisons of the preparation, action and maintenance stages of exercise. Wellness Perspect: Res Theory Prac. 1995;11:36–43.
- Woods C, Mutrie N, Scott M. Physical activity intervention: a transtheoretical model-based intervention designed to help sedentary young adults become active. Health Educ Res. 2002;17(4):451–460. doi:10.1093/her/17.4.451.
- Cancer Prevention Research Center. Exercise: stages of change (short form). https://web.uri.edu/cprc/measures/exercise/stages-of-change-short-form/ Published 1991. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- Holmes TH, Rahe RH. The social readjustment rating scale. J Psychosom Res. 1967;11(2):213–218. doi:10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4.
- Noone Peter A. The Holmes-Rahe stress inventory. Occup Med. 2017;67(7):581–582. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqx099.
- Komaroff AL, Masuda M, Holmes TH. The social readjustment rating scale: a comparative study of Negro, Mexican and white Americans. J Psychosom Res. 1968;12(2):121–128. doi:10.1016/0022-3999(68)90018-4.
- Zimbardo PG, Weber AL, Johnson RL. Psychology. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon; 2005.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthy weight, nutrition, and physical activity: adult BMI calculator. 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/adult_bmi/english_bmi_calculator/bmi_calculator.html. Updated September 17, 2020. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- Laerd Statistics. Statistical test selector. https://statistics.laerd.com/premium/sts/index.php#. Published 2013. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Transtheoretical therapy: toward a more integrative model of change. Psychotherapy. 1982;19(3):276–288. doi:10.1037/h0088437.
- Raihan N, Cogburn M. Stages of Change Theory. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. [Internet]; 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556005/. Published online 2020. Accessed February 9, 2021.
- Marcus BH, Lewis BA. Physical activity and the stages of motivational readiness for change model. Res Digest. 2003;4:1–8.
- National Commission for Health Education Credentialing. Areas of responsibility, competencies and sub-competencies for health education specialist practice analysis II 2020. https://assets.speakcdn.com/assets/2251/hespa_competencies_and_sub-competencies_052020.pdf. Published January, 2020. Accessed April 27, 2021.