An Experiential Learning Program to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity at an Australian Children’s Museum: Formative Research with Caregivers and Staff

References

• Wen LM, Baur LA, Simpson JM, Rissel C, Wardle K, Flood VM. Effectiveness of home based early intervention on children’s BMI at age 2: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2012;344. doi:10.1136/bmj.e3732.
   Google Scholar
• Tonge KL, Jones RA, Hagenbuchner M, Nguyen TV, Okely AD. Educator engagement and interaction and children’s physical activity in early childhood education and care settings: an observational study protocol. BMJ Open. 2017;7(2):e014423. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmons BW, LeBlanc AG, Carson V, et al. Systematic review of physical activity and health in the early years (aged 0–4 years). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37(4):773–792. doi:10.1139/h2012-070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casu L, Gillespie S, Nisbett N. Integrating nutrition and physical activity promotion: a scoping review. PLoS One. 2020;15(6):e0233908. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bourdeaudhuij I, Van Cauwenberghe E, Spittaels H, et al. School‐based interventions promoting both physical activity and healthy eating in Europe: a systematic review within the HOPE project. Obes Rev. 2011;12(3):205–216. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00711.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green AM, Mihrshahi S, Innes-Hughes C, O’Hara BJ, McGill B, Rissel C. Implementation of an early childhood healthy eating and physical activity program in New South Wales, Australia: munch & move. Front Public Health. 2020;8:34. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayfield M. Children’s museums: purposes, practices and play? Early Child Dev Care. 2005;175(2):179–192. doi:10.1080/0300443042000230348.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson TZ, Atencio DJ. Integration of play, learning, and experience: what museums afford young visitors. Early Child Educ J. 2007;35(3):245–251. doi:10.1007/s10643-007-0208-1.
   Google Scholar
• Andre L, Durksen T, Volman ML. Museums as avenues of learning for children: a decade of research. Learning Enviro Res. 2017;20:47–76. doi:10.1007/s10984-016-9222-9.
   Google Scholar
• Camic PM, Chatterjee HJ. Museums and art galleries as partners for public health interventions. Perspect Public Health. 2013;133(1):66–71. doi:10.1177/1757913912468523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell H, Limberg D, Jacobson L, Super JT. Enhancing self-awareness through creative experiential-learning play-based activities. J Creat Ment Health. 2014;9(3):399–414. doi:10.1080/15401383.2014.897926.
   Google Scholar
• Ionescu IC. Experiential learning in early Childhood education and growth mindset development. Adv Educ Sci. 2020;2(2):44–58. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4737671.
   Google Scholar
• Peralta LR, Dudley DA, Cotton WG. Teaching healthy eating to elementary school students: a scoping review of nutrition education resources. J Sch Health. 2016;86(5):334–345. doi:10.1111/josh.12382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varman SD, Kelly B, Jones RA, et al. The effect of experiential learning interventions on physical activity outcomes in children: a systematic review [manuscript submitted for publication]. PLoS One. 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Varman SD, Cliff DP, Jones RA, et al. Experiential learning interventions and healthy eating outcomes in Children: a systematic literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(20):10824. doi:10.3390/ijerph182010824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreinemachers P, Rai BB, Dorji D, et al. School gardening in Bhutan: evaluating outcomes and impact. Food Security. 2017;9(3):635–648. doi:10.1007/s12571-017-0673-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J-L, Weiss S, Heyman MB, Lustig RH. Efficacy of a child-centred and family-based program in promoting healthy weight and healthy behaviors in Chinese American children: a randomized controlled study. J Public Health. 2009;32(2):219–229. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdp105.
   Google Scholar
• University of Wollongong Early Start. Early start discovery space. https://earlystart.uow.edu.au/about/index.html. Published March 25, 2019. Accessed 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough SJ, Hackett AF, Davies IG, et al. Promoting healthy weight in primary school children through physical activity and nutrition education: a pragmatic evaluation of the CHANGE! Randomised intervention study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):1–14. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-626.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clarke J, Fletcher B, Lancashire E, Pallan M, Adab P. The views of stakeholders on the role of the primary school in preventing childhood obesity: a qualitative systematic review. Obes Rev. 2013;14(12):975–988. doi:10.1111/obr.12058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger RA, Casey MA. Designing and Conducting Focus Group Interviews. Vol. 18. Citeseer; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Ross SET, Macia L, Documét PI, Escribano C, Naderi TK, Smith-Tapia I. Latino parents’ perceptions of physical activity and healthy eating: at the intersection of culture, family, and health. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2018;50(10):968–976. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2017.12.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales. Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 2021;13(2):201–216. doi:10.1080/2159676X.2019.1704846.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QSR International Pty Ltd. NVivo (version 12). https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software/home.
   Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Vaismoradi M, Turunen H, Bondas T. Content analysis and thematic analysis: implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nurs Health Sci. 2013;15(3):398–405. doi:10.1111/nhs.12048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyper E, Harrington D, Manson H. The impact of different types of parental support behaviours on child physical activity, healthy eating, and screen time: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1–15. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3245-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Draxten M, Fulkerson JA, Friend S, Flattum CF, Schow R. Parental role modeling of fruits and vegetables at meals and snacks is associated with children’s adequate consumption. Appetite. 2014;78:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.02.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palfreyman Z, Haycraft E, Meyer C. Parental modelling of eating behaviours: observational validation of the Parental modelling of eating behaviours scale (PARM). Appetite. 2015;86:31–37. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godrich SL, Davies CR, Darby J, Devine A. Which ecological determinants influence Australian children’s fruit and vegetable consumption? Health Promot Int. 2018;33(2):229–238. doi:10.1093/heapro/daw063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Addessi E, Galloway AT, Visalberghi E, Birch LL. Specific social influences on the acceptance of novel foods in 2–5-year-old children. Appetite. 2005;45(3):264–271. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2005.07.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Chuang R-J, Hedberg AM. Pilot-testing CATCH early childhood: a preschool-based healthy nutrition and physical activity program. Am J Health Educ. 2011;42(1):12–23. doi:10.1080/19325037.2011.10599169.
   Google Scholar
• Tibbs T, Haire-Joshu D, Schechtman KB, et al. The relationship between parental modeling, eating patterns, and dietary intake among African-American parents. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101(5):535–541. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00134-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbonneau N, Hamilton L, Musher-Eizenman DR. From dieting to delight: parenting strategies to promote children’s positive body image and healthy relationship with food. Can Psychol. 2021;62(2):204–212. CPA Awards/Les prix de la SCP. doi:10.1037/cap0000274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayter AK, Draper AK, Ohly HR, et al. A qualitative study exploring parental accounts of feeding pre‐school children in two low‐income populations in the UK. Matern Child Nutr. 2015;11(3):371–384. doi:10.1111/mcn.12017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh AD, Hesketh KD, van der Pligt P, Cameron AJ, Crawford D, Campbell KJ. Fathers’ perspectives on the diets and physical activity behaviours of their young children. PloS One. 2017;12(6):e0179210. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesketh KR, O’Malley C, Paes VM, et al. Determinants of change in physical activity in children 0–6 years of age: a systematic review of quantitative literature. Sports Med. 2017;47(7):1349–1374. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0656-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Dwyer MV, Fairclough SJ, Knowles Z, Stratton G. Effect of a family focused active play intervention on sedentary time and physical activity in preschool children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9(1):1–13. 117. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-117.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klohe-Lehman DM, Freeland-Graves J, Clarke KK, et al. Low-income, overweight and obese mothers as agents of change to improve food choices, fat habits, and physical activity in their 1-to-3-year-old children. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007;26(3):196–208. doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland V, Timperio A, Salmon J, Hume C, Telford A, Crawford D. A longitudinal study of the family physical activity environment and physical activity among youth. Am J Health Promot. 2011;25(3):159–167. doi:10.4278/ajhp.090303-QUAN-93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeppe S, Vandelanotte C, Bere E, et al. The influence of parental modelling on children’s physical activity and screen time: does it differ by gender? Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(1):152–157. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckw182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oláh LS, Kotowska IE, Richter R. The new roles of men and women and implications for families and societies. In: A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe. Springer; 2018:41–64. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72356-3_4.
   Google Scholar
• Yee AZ, Lwin MO, Ho SS. The influence of parental practices on child promotive and preventive food consumption behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14(1):1–14. doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0501-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beets MW, Cardinal BJ, Alderman BL. Parental social support and the physical activity-related behaviors of youth: a review. Health Educ Behav. 2010;37(5):621–644. doi:10.1177/1090198110363884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristjansdottir AG, Thorsdottir I, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Due P, Wind M, Klepp K-I. Determinants of fruit and vegetable intake among 11-year-old schoolchildren in a country of traditionally low fruit and vegetable consumption. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2006;3(1):1–9. 41. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-3-41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wind M, De Bourdeaudhuij I, te Velde SJ, et al. Correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among 11-year-old Belgian-Flemish and Dutch schoolchildren. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2006;38(4):211–221. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2006.02.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley GF, Goodred JK, Jago R, et al. Parents’ views on child physical activity and their implications for physical activity parenting interventions: a qualitative study. BMC Pediatr. 2012;12(1):1–9. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-12-180.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trost SG, Sallis JF, Pate RR, Freedson PS, Taylor WC, Dowda M. Evaluating a model of parental influence on youth physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 2003;25(4):277–282. doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00217-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eather N, Morgan PJ, Lubans DR. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Fit4Fun intervention for improving physical fitness in a sample of primary school children: a pilot study. Phys Educ Sport Pedagogy. 2013;18(4):389–411. doi:10.1080/17408989.2012.690375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell F, Farrow C, Meyer C, Haycraft E. The importance of mealtime structure for reducing child food fussiness. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;13(2):e12296. doi:10.1111/mcn.12296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeCosta P, Møller P, Frøst MB, Olsen A. Changing children’s eating behaviour-a review of experimental research. Appetite. 2017;113:327–357. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassett R, Chapman GE, Beagan BL. Autonomy and control: the co-construction of adolescent food choice. Appetite. 2008;50(2–3):325–332. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.08.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levetown M, Bioethics C. Communicating with children and families: from everyday interactions to skill in conveying distressing information. Pediatrics. 2008;121(5):e1441–e1460. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines J, Haycraft E, Lytle L, et al. Nurturing children’s healthy eating: position statement. Appetite. 2019;137:124–133. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.02.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sick J, Højer R, Olsen A. Children’s self-reported reasons for accepting and rejecting foods. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2455. doi:10.3390/nu11102455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chak A. Teachers’ and parents’ conceptions of children’s curiosity and exploration. Int J Early Years Educ. 2007;15(2):141–159. doi:10.1080/09669760701288690.
   Google Scholar
• Stephens K. Curiosity and wonder: cue into children’s inborn motivation to learn. Parenting Exchange. https://www.easternflorida.edu/community-resources/child-development-centers/parent-resource-library/documents/curiosity-and-wonder.pdf. Published 2007. Accessed 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Martins Y, Pliner P. Human food choices: an examination of the factors underlying acceptance/rejection of novel and familiar animal and nonanimal foods. Appetite. 2005;45(3):214–224. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2005.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalfe JJ, Fiese BH, Team SKR. Family food involvement is related to healthier dietary intake in preschool-aged children. Appetite. 2018;126:195–200. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allirot X, da Quinta N, Chokupermal K, Urdaneta E. Involving children in cooking activities: a potential strategy for directing food choices toward novel foods containing vegetables. Appetite. 2016;103:275–285. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poelman AA, Delahunty CM, de Graaf C. Vegetable preparation practices for 5–6 years old Australian children as reported by their parents; relationships with liking and consumption. Food Qual Prefer. 2015;42:20–26. doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.01.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Horst K, Ferrage A, Rytz A. Involving Children in meal preparation: effects on food intake. Appetite. 2014;79:18–24. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.03.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu YL, Farmer A, Fung C, Kuhle S, Storey KE, Veugelers PJ. Involvement in home meal preparation is associated with food preference and self-efficacy among Canadian children. Public Health Nutr. 2013;16(1):108–112. doi:10.1017/S1368980012001218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu YL, Storey KE, Veugelers PJ. Involvement in meal preparation at home is associated with better diet quality among Canadian children. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2014;46(4):304–308. doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2013.10.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke L. The importance of exposure for healthy eating in childhood: a review. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2007;20(4):294–301. doi:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2007.00804.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allirot X, Quinta da N, Chokuperma K, Urdaneta E. Involving children in cooking activities: a potential strategy for directing food choices toward novel foods containing vegetables. Appetite. 2016;103:285. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulkerson JA, Friend S, Horning M, et al. Family home food environment and nutrition-related parent and child personal and behavioral outcomes of the healthy home offerings via the mealtime environment (HOME) plus program: a randomized controlled trial. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018;118(2):240–251. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.04.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habib-Mourad C, Ghandour LA, Moore HJ, et al. Promoting healthy eating and physical activity among school children: findings from Health-E-PALS, the first pilot intervention from Lebanon. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1–11. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-940.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell KJ, Crawford DA, Hesketh KD. Australian parents’ views on their 5–6-year-old children’s food choices. Health Promot Int. 2007;22(1):11–18. doi:10.1093/heapro/dal035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’neill DK, Astington JW, Flavell JH. Young children’s understanding of the role that sensory experiences play in knowledge acquisition. Child Dev. 1992;63(2):474–490. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01641.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gascoyne S. Sensory Play: Play in the EYFS. Vol. 1. Andrews UK Limited; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Liu C, Solis SL, Jensen H, et al. Neuroscience and learning through play: a review of the evidence. The LEGO Foundation. 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Stagnitti K, Unsworth C. The importance of pretend play in child development: an occupational therapy perspective. Br J Occup Ther. 2000;63(3):121–127. doi:10.1177/030802260006300306.
   Google Scholar
• Coulthard H, Sealy A. Play with your food! Sensory play is associated with tasting of fruits and vegetables in preschool children. Appetite. 2017;113:84–90. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulthard H, Williamson I, Palfreyman Z, Lyttle S. Evaluation of a pilot sensory play intervention to increase fruit acceptance in preschool children. Appetite. 2018;120:609–615. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulthard H, Ahmed S. Non taste exposure techniques to increase fruit and vegetable acceptance in children: effects of task and stimulus type. Food Qual Prefer. 2017;61:50–54. doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.04.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dazeley P, Houston-Price C. Exposure to foods’ non-taste sensory properties. a nursery intervention to increase children’s willingness to try fruit and vegetables. Appetite. 2015;84:6. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karagiannaki K, Ritz C, Jensen LGH, et al. Optimising repeated exposure: determining optimal exposure frequency for introducing a novel vegetable among children. Foods. 2021;10(5):913. doi:10.3390/foods10050913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mura Paroche M, Caton SJ, Vereijken CM, Weenen H, Houston-Price C. How infants and young children learn about food: a systematic review. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1046. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation. Physical activity. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity. Published October 5, 2022. Accessed December 13, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy N, Hall A, Shoesmith A, et al. Australian children are not meeting recommended physical activity levels at school: analysis of objectively measured physical activity data from a cross sectional study. Prev Med Rep. 2021;23(10):18. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101418.
   Google Scholar
• Kuzik N, Poitras VJ, Tremblay MS, Lee E-Y, Hunter S, Carson V. Systematic review of the relationships between combinations of movement behaviours and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years). BMC Public Health. 2017;17(5):109–122. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4851-1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones RA, Hinkley T, Okely AD, Salmon J. Tracking physical activity and sedentary behavior in childhood: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44(6):651–658. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.03.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Commission for Health Education Credentialing. Responsibilities & competencies.https://www.nchec.org/responsibilities-and-competencies. Published 2019. Accessed April 28, 2023.
   Google Scholar