Civic Play and Civic Gaps: Can Life Simulation Games Advance Educational Equity?

REFERENCES

• Achinstein, B., & Athanases, S. Z. (2005). Focusing new teachers on diversity and equity: Toward a knowledge base for mentors. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21, 843–862. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2005.05.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annetta, L. A., Minogue, J. M., Holmes, S. Y., & Cheng, M.-T. (2009). Investigating the impact of video games on high school students’ engagement and learning about genetics. Computers & Education, 53, 74–85. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2008.12.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argys, L. M., Rees, D. I., & Brewer, D. J. (1996). Detracking America’s schools: Equity at zero cost? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 15, 623–645. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6688(199623)15:4<>1.0.CO;2-P
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachen, C. M., Hernández-Ramos, P. F., & Raphael, C. (2012). Simulating REAL LIVES: Promoting global empathy and interest in learning through simulation games. Simulation & Gaming, 43, 437–460. doi:10.1177/1046878111432108
   Google Scholar
• Bagley, E., & Shaffer, D. W. (2011). Promoting civic thinking through epistemic game play. In R. Ferdig (Ed.), Discoveries in gaming and computer-mediated simulations: New interdisciplinary applications (pp. 111–127). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
   Google Scholar
• Barzilai, S., & Blau, I. (2014). Scaffolding game-based learning: Impact on learning achievements, perceived learning, and game experiences. Computers & Education, 70, 65–79. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bers, M. U. (2010). Let the games begin: Civic playing on high-tech consoles. Review of General Psychology, 14, 147–153. doi:10.1037/a0019490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonanno, P., & Kommers, P. A. M. (2008). Exploring the influence of gender and gaming competence on attitudes towards using instructional games. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39, 97–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourgonjon, J., Valcke, M., Soetaert, R., & Schellens, T. (2010). Students’ perceptions about the use of video games in the classroom. Computers & Education, 54, 1145–1156. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.10.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIRCLE. (2013). All together now: Collaboration and innovation for youth engagement: The report of the commission on youth voting and civic knowledge. Medford, MA: Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement. Retrieved from http://www.civicyouth.org/about-circle/ commission-on-youth-voting-civic-knowledge/
   Google Scholar
• Coffé, H. (2013). Women stay local, men go national and global? Gender differences in political interest. Sex Roles, 69, 323–338. doi:10.1007/s11199-013-0308-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cogan, J. J. (2000). Citizenship education for the 21st Century: Setting the context. In J. Cogan, & R. Derricott (Eds.), Citizenship for the 21st century (pp. 1–22). New York, NY: Kogan Page.
   Google Scholar
• Colby, A., Beaumont, E., Ehrlich, T., & Corngold, J. (2007). Educating for democracy: Preparing undergraduates for responsible political engagement. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Dávila, A., & Mora, M. (2007). CIRCLE working paper 52: Civic engagement and high school academic progress: An analysis using NELS data. Retrieved from http://www.civicyouth.org/circle-working-paper-52-civic-engagement-and-high-school-academic-progress-an-analysis-using-nels-data/
   Google Scholar
• Delli Carpini, M. X., & Keeter, S. (1996). What Americans know about politics and why it matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Educational Simulations Corporation. (2010). Real lives. Marysville, CA: Educational Simulations Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Egenfeldt-Nielsen, S. (2007). Educational potential of computer games. London, England: Continuum International Publishing Group.
   Google Scholar
• Gould, J. (2011). Guardian of democracy: The civic mission of schools. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center.
   Google Scholar
• Hartmann, T., & Klimmt, C. (2006). Gender and computer games: Exploring females’ dislikes. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11, 910–931. doi:10.1111/jcmc.2006.11.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidi, S., & Ainley, M. (2008). Interest and self-regulation: Relationships between two variables that influence learning. In D. H. Schunk, & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 77–109). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, T., Zhang, X., Dai, H., & Zhang, P. (2012). An examination of gender differences among college students in their usage perceptions of the Internet. Education and Information Technologies, 17, 315–330. doi:10.1007/s10639-011-9160-1
   Google Scholar
• Ito, M., Gutiérrez, K., Livingstone, S., Penuel, B., Rhodes, J., Salen, K., … Watkins, C. S. (2013). Connected learning: An agenda for research and design. Irvine, CA: Digital Media and Learning Research Hub.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, H. (2006). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century. MacArthur Foundation. Retrieved from http://digitallearning.macfound.org/atf/cf/%7B7E45C7E0-A3E0-4B89-AC9C-E807E1B0AE4E%7D/JENKINS_WHITE_PAPER.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Jennings, M. K. (1996). Political knowledge over time and across generations. Public Opinion Quarterly, 60, 228–252. doi:10.1086/297749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahne, J., & Middaugh, E. (2008). Democracy for some: The civic opportunity gap in high school. Washington, DC: The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Kahne, J., Middaugh, E., & Evans, C. (2008). The civic potential of video games. MacArthur Foundation White Paper. Retrieved from http://www.civicsurvey.org/Civic_Potential_of_Games.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kahne, J., & Sporte, S. E. (2008). Developing citizens: The impact of civic learning opportunities on students’ commitment to civic participation. American Educational Research Journal, 45, 738–766. doi:10.3102/0002831208316951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. K., & Probert, J. (2010). Civilization III and whole-class play in high school social studies. Journal of Social Studies Research, 34, 1–28.
   Google Scholar
• Lenhart, A., Kahne, J., Middaugh, E., Macgill, A., Evans, C., & Vitak, J. (2008). Teens, video games, and civics. Washington, DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2008/Teens-Video-Games-and-Civics.aspx?r = 1
   Google Scholar
• Levinson, M. (2007). The civic achievement gap. Washington, DC: The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning.
   Google Scholar
• National Council for the Social Studies. (2010). National curriculum standards for social studies: A framework for teaching, learning, and assessment. Silver Springs, MD: National Council for the Social Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Neys, J., & Jansz, J. (2010). Political Internet games: Engaging an audience. European Journal of Communication, 25, 227–241. doi:10.1177/0267323110373456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nie, N. H., Junn, J., & Stehlik-Barry, K. (1996). Education and democratic citizenship in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Papastergiou, M. (2009). Digital game-based learning in high school computer science education: Impact on educational effectiveness and student motivation. Computers & Education, 52, 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2008.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, V., & Vissers, G. (2004). A simple classification model for debriefing simulation games. Simulation & Gaming, 35, 70–84. doi:10.1177/1046878103253719
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Raphael, C., Bachen, C., Lynn, K.-M., Baldwin-Philippi, J., & McKee, K. A. (2010). Games for civic learning: A conceptual framework and agenda for research and design. Games and Culture, 5, 199–235. doi:10.1177/1555412009354728
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renninger, A., Hidi, S., & Krapp, A. (Eds.). (2014). The role of interest in learning and development. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Romer, D., Jamieson, K. H., & Pasek, J. (2009). Building social capital in young people: The role of mass media and life outlook. Political Communication, 26, 65–83. doi:10.1080/10584600802622878
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schattle, H. (2008). The practices of global citizenship. London, England: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Schlozman, K. L., Verba, S., & Brady, H. E. (2012). The unheavenly chorus: Unequal political voice and the broken promise of American democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, D. V. (1998). Civic engagement, interpersonal trust, and television use: An individual-level assessment of social capital. Political Psychology, 19, 469–496. doi:10.1111/pops.1998.19.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, D. V., Cho, J., Eveland, W., & Kwak, N. (2005). Information and expression in a digital age: Modeling Internet effects on civic participation. Communication Research, 32, 531–565. doi:10.1177/0093650205279209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Squire, K. (2011). Video games and learning: Teaching and participatory culture in the digital age. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Struppert, A. (2010). “It’s a whole new fun different way to learn.” Students’ perceptions of learning with electronic simulation: Selected results from three case studies in an Australian, an American, and a Swiss middle school. International Journal of Learning, 17, 363–375.
   Google Scholar
• Torney-Purta, J., & Wilkenfeld, B. S. (2009). Paths to 21st century competencies through civic education classrooms: An analysis of survey results from ninth graders. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association Division for Public Education.
   Google Scholar
• Verhoeven, J. C., Heerwegh, D., & De Wit, K. (2010). Information and communication technologies in the life of university freshmen: An analysis of change. Computers & Education, 55, 53–66. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virvou, M., Katsionis, G., & Manos, K. (2005). Combining software games with education: Evaluation of its educational effectiveness. Educational Technology & Society, 8, 54–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren, S. J., Jones, G., Dolliver, B., & Stein, R. A. (2012). Investigating games and simulations in educational research and theory: Enhancing academic communication and scholarship with a common language. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations, 4, 1–18. doi:10.4018/IJGCMS
   Google Scholar
• Westheimer, J., & Kahne, J. (2004). What kind of citizen? The politics of educating for democracy. American Educational Research Journal, 41, 237–269. doi:10.3102/00028312041002237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitton, N. (2013). Games for learning: Creating a level playing field or stacking the deck? International Review of Qualitative Research, 6, 424–439. doi:10.1525/irqr.2013.6.3.424
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, K. A., Bedwell, W. L., Lazzara, E. H., Salas, E., Burke, C. S., Estock, J. L., … Conkey, C. (2009). Relationships between game attributes and learning outcomes: Review and research proposals. Simulation & Gaming, 40, 217–266. doi:10.1177/1046878108321866
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Y. (2012). Building virtual cities, inspiring intelligent citizens: Digital games for developing students’ problem solving and learning motivation. Computers & Education, 59, 365–377. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.01.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates, M., & Youniss, J. (1998). Community service and political identity development in adolescence. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 495–512. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01232.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar