Effect of Summer Ozone Concentrations on the Lung Function of Walkers in the Medvednica Mountain Nature Park, Croatia

References

• Kuttler , W and Strasssburger , A . 1999 . Air quality measurements in urban green areas—a case study . Atmos Environ , 33 : 4101 – 4108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drobnić , F and Haahtela , T . 2005 . Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of exercise-related asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in sports, Chapter 5: The role of the environmental and climate in relation to outdoor and indoor sports . Eur Respir Mon , 33 : 35 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaur , S , Nieuwenhuijsen , M J and Colvile , R N . 2005 . Pedestrian exposure to air pollution along a major road in Central London, UK . Atmos Environ , 29 : 7307 – 7320 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam , K C , Ng , S L , Hui , W C and Chan , P K . 2005 . Environmental quality of urban parks and open spaces in Hong Kong . Environ Monit Assess , 111 : 55 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheel , H E , Areskoug , H Geiss , H . 1997 . On the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of lower-troposphere ozone over Europe . J Atmos Chem. , 28 : 11 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandroni , S , Bacci , P , Boffa , G , Pellegrini , U and Ventura , A . 1994 . Tropospheric ozone in the pre-alpine and Alpine regions . Sci Total Environ , 156 : 169 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Parliament and the Counsil of the European Union . 2002 . Directive 2002/3/EC relating to ozone in ambient air . Official Journal , 67 : 14 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) . 2000 . WHO Guidelines for Air Quality , Geneva , Switzerland : WHO .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) . 2005 . WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide , Geneva , Switzerland : WHO .
   Google Scholar
• Bernard , S M , Samet , J M , Grambsch , A , Ebi , K L and Romieu , I . 2001 . The potential impacts of climate variability and change on air pollution-related health effects in the United States . Environ Health Perspect. , 109 : 199 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spektor , D M , Lippmann , M Thurston , G D . 1988 . Effects of ambient ozone on respiratory function in healthy adults exercising outdoors . Am Rev Respir Dis , 138 : 821 – 828 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uysal , N and Schapira , R M . 2003 . Effects of ozone on lung function and lung diseases . Curr Opin Pulm Med. , 9 : 144 – 150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cogo , A , Fischer , R and Schoene , R . 2004 . Respiratory disease and high altitude . High Alt Med Biol. , 5 : 435 – 444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girardot , S P , Ryan , P B Smith , S M . 2006 . Ozone and PM2.5 exposure and acute pulmonary health effects: a study of hikers in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park . Environ Health Perspect. , 114 : 1044 – 1052 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , J S , Bateson , T F and McDonnell , W F . 2008 . Effects of exposure to 0.06 ppm ozone on FEV1 in humans: a secondary analysis of existing data . Environ Health Perspect , 115 : 1023 – 1026 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , W C . 2002 . Comparison of chamber and face-mask 6.6-hour exposure to ozone on pulmonary function and symptoms responses . Inhal Toxicol , 14 : 745 – 764 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong , H and Linn , W S . 1998 . Relationship between acute ozone responsiveness and chronic loss of lung function in residents of a high-ozone community . Arch Environ Health , 54 : 313 – 319 .
   Google Scholar
• Kinney , P L and Lippmann , M . 2000 . Respiratory effects of seasonal exposures to ozone and particles . Arch Environ Health , 55 : 210 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bascom , R . 1996 . Environmental factors and respiratory hypersensitivity: the Americas . Toxicol Lett. , 86 : 115 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres , A , Utell , M J Morow , P E . 1997 . Airway inflammation in smokers and nonsmokers with varying responsiveness to ozone . Am J Respir Crit Care Med , 156 : 728 – 736 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pehnec , G , Žužul , S , Bešlić , I , Šega , K , Vađić , V and Hršak , J . “ Comparison of NO2 concentrations and concentrations of lead, manganese and cadmium in PM10 in Zagreb air ” . In Proceedings of the Air Pollution and Environmental Health; From Science to Action: The Challenge of Particulate Matter Edited by: Haguenoer , J M and Rambaud , J M . 6–8 September 2006, Lille, France. Lille, France: APPA NPC; 2006
   Google Scholar
• Pehnec , G , Vadjić , V and Hršak , J . 2005 . Measurements of ozone concentrations in Zagreb . Environ Monit Assess , 105 : 165 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alebić-Juretić , A , Cvitaš , T , Kezele , N , Klasinc , L , Pehnec , G and Šorgo , G . 2007 . Atmospheric particulate matter and ozone under heat-wave conditions: do they cause an increase of mortality in Croatia? . Bull Environ Contam Toxicol , 79 : 468 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klasinc , L , Butković , V , Cvitaš , T , Kezele , N , Lisac , I and Lovrić , J . 1997 . “ Ozone measurements in Zagreb and on Mount Medvednica in Croatia ” . In Tropospheric Ozone Research , Edited by: Høv , Ø . 222 – 229 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Butković , V , Cvitaš , T , Džepina , K , Kezele , N and Klasinc , L . 2002 . Long-term ozone data analysis . Croat Chem Acta , 75 : 927 – 933 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cvitaš , T , Kezele , N and Klasinc , L . 1997 . Boundary layer ozone in Croatia . J Atmos Chem. , 28 : 125 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2010 . Public institution “Nature Park Medvednica” . Available at: http://www.pp-medvednica.hr/Medvednica_en/Medvednica_en.htm. Accessed April 20
   Google Scholar
• Dobrović , I , Safner , T , Jelaska , S D and Nikolić , T . 2006 . Ecological and phytosociological characteristics of the association Abieti-Fagetum “pannonicum” Rauš 1969 prov. on Mt. Medvednica (Northwest Croatia) . Acta Bot Croat. , 65 : 41 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Schuh , A . 1993 . Climatotherapy . Experientia , 49 : 947 – 956 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal . 1993 . Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society . Eur Respir J , 6 : 16
   Google Scholar
• Quanjer , P H , Trammeling , G J , Cotes , J E , Pedersen , O F , Peslin , R and Yernault , J C . 1993 . Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society . Eur Respir J , 6 : 5 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koutrakis , P , Wolfson , J M , Bunyaviroch , A , Froehlich , S E , Hirano , K and Mulik , J D . 1993 . Measurement of ambient ozone using a nitrite-coated filter . Anal Chem , 65 : 209 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pehnec , G , Vadjić , V and Hršak , J . 2003 . Comparison of active and passive measurement of ozone in Zagreb air . Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. , 70 : 343 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StatSoft, Inc. 2007 . “ Electronic Statistics Textbook. Electronic Version ” . Tulsa , OK : StatSoft . Available at: http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/stathome.html. Accessed April 20, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B G and Fidell , L S . 2001 . Using Multivariate Statistics , Tyler , TX : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute Inc. 1999 . “ SAS Online Doc [computer program] ” . Cary , NC : SAS Institute . Available at: http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/. Accessed April 20, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Kolb , S , Radon , K , Valois , M F , Héguy , L and Goldberg , M S . 2007 . The short-term influence of weather on daily mortality in congestive heart failure . Arch Environ Occup Health , 62 : 169 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren , C , Williams , G M , Mengersen , K , Morawska , L and Tong , S . 2009 . Temperature enchanced effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortality in 95 large US communities, 1987–2000: assessment using the NMMAPS data . Arch Environ Occup Health , 64 : 177 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eschenbacher , W L , Moore , T B , Lorenzen , T J , Weg , J G and Gross , K B . 1992 . Pulmonary responses of asthmatic and normal subjects to different temperature and humidity conditions in an environmental chamber . Lung , 170 : 51 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shephard , R J . 1978 . Cigarette smoking and reactions to air pollutants . CMA J , 118 : 379 – 392 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frampton , M W , Morrow , P E , Torres , A , Cox , C , Voter , K Z and Utell , M J . 1997 . Ozone responsiveness in smokers and nonsmokers . Am J Respir Crit Care Med. , 155 : 116 – 121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , M , Pinkerton , K E and Witschi , H . 2002 . Short-term exposure to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke enhances ozone-induced lung injury in B6C3F1 . Toxicol Sci. , 65 : 99 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar