594
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES

Bias Reduction in Quasi-Experiments With Little Selection Theory but Many Covariates

, , &

REFERENCES

  • Arceneaux, K., Gerber, A.S., & Green, D.P. (2010). A cautionary note on the use of matching to estimate causal effects: An empirical example comparing matching estimates to an experimental benchmark. Sociological Methods & Research, 39(2), 256–282.
  • Beck, A.T., & Beck, R.W. (1972). Screening depressed patients in family practice: A rapid technic. Postgraduate Medicine, 51, 81–85.
  • Clark, M.H. (2000). A laboratory experiment comparing assignment methods using propensity scores (Unpublished master's thesis). . University of Memphis, Memphis, TN.
  • Cochran, W.G., & Rubin, D.B. (1973). Controlling bias in observational studies: A review. Sankhya, A, 35, 417–446.
  • Collingwood, R. (1940). An essay on metaphysics. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
  • Cook, T.D. (2008). “Waiting for life to arrive”: A history of the regression-discontinuity design in psychology, statistics and economics. Journal of Econometrics, 142(2), 636–654.
  • Cook, T.D., & Steiner, P.M. (2010). Case matching and the reduction of selection bias in quasi-experiments: The relative importance of the pretest as a covariate, unreliable measurement and mode of data analysis. Psychological Methods, 15(1), 56–68.
  • Diaz, J.J., & Handa, S. (2006). An assessment of propensity score matching as a nonexperimental impact estimator. The Journal of Human Resources, XLI(2), 319–345.
  • Educational Testing Service. (1962). Vocabulary Test II (V-2). Kit of factor referenced cognitive tests. Princeton, NJ: Author.
  • Educational Testing Service. (1993). Arithmetic Aptitude Test (RG-1). Kit of factor referenced cognitive tests. Princeton, NJ: Author.
  • Faust, M.W., Ashcraft, M.H., & Fleck, D.E. (1996). Mathematics anxiety effects in simple and complex addition. Mathematical Cognition, 2, 25–62.
  • Glazerman, S., Levy, D.M., & Myers, D. (2003). Nonexperimental versus experimental estimates of earnings impacts. The Annals of the American Academy, 589, 63–93.
  • Goldberg, L.R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26–42.
  • Goldberger, A.S. (1972). Selection bias in evaluating treatment effects: Some formal illustrations (Discussion Paper #123). Madison, WI: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin.
  • Greenland, S. (2003). Quantifying biases in causal models: Classical confounding versus collider-stratification bias. Epidemiology, 14, 300–306.
  • Hallberg, K. (2013). Identifying conditions that support causal inference in observational studies in education: Empirical evidence from within study comparisons (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (#3563726), http://gradworks.umi.com/35/63/3563726.html
  • Holland, P.W. (1986). Statistics and causal inference. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81, 945–970.
  • Hong, G., & Raudenbush, S.W. (2006). Evaluating kindergarten retention policy: A case study of causal inference for multilevel observational data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 101, 901–910.
  • Imbens, G. W. (2004). Nonparametric estimation of average treatment effects under exogeneity: A review. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(1), 4–29.
  • Li, K.H. (1988). Imputation using Markov Chains. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 30, 57–79.
  • Lohr, S.L. (1999). Sampling: Design and analysis. Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury Press.
  • Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Pearl, J. (2010). On a class of bias-amplifying variables that endanger effect estimates. Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI, 2010), 425–432. Retrieved from http://event.cwi.nl/uai2010/papers/UAI2010_0120.pdf
  • Peikes, D.N., Moreno, L., & Orzol, S.M. (2008). Propensity score matching: A note of caution for evaluators of social programs. The American Statistician, 62, 222–231.
  • Rosenbaum, P.R. (1984). From association to causation in observational studies: The role of tests of strongly ignorable treatment assignment. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 79, 41–48.
  • Rosenbaum, P.R. (2002). Observational studies (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Rosenbaum, P.R., & Rubin, D.B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
  • Rubin, D.B. (1974). Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 688–701.
  • Rubin, D.B. (1979). Using multivariate matched sampling and regression adjustment to control bias in observational studies. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 318–328.
  • Rubin, D.B. (2001). Using propensity scores to help design observational studies: Application to the tobacco litigation. Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology, 2, 169–188.
  • Rubin, D.B. (2006). Matched sampling for causal effects. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Schafer, J.L., & Kang, J. (2008). Average causal effects from non-randomized studies: A practical guide and simulated example. Psychological Methods, 13(4), 279–313.
  • Shadish, W.R., Clark, M.H., & Steiner, P.M. (2008). Can nonrandomized experiments yield accurate answers? A randomized experiment comparing random to nonrandom assignment. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 103, 1334–1343.
  • Shadish, W.R., Cook, T.D., & Campbell, D.T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.
  • Shadish, W.R., Steiner, P.M., & Cook, T.D. (2012). A case study about why it can be difficult to test whether propensity score analysis works in field experiments. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 3(2), 1–12.
  • Steiner, P.M. (2012). Using design elements for increasing the severity of causal mediation tests. Commentary on Hong, G., & Nomi, T. (2012). Weighting methods for assessing policy effects mediated by peer change. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 5, 296–298.
  • Steiner, P.M., & Cook, D.L. (2013). Matching and propensity scores. In T.D. Little (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of quantitative methods (Vol. 8, pp. 237–259). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Steiner, P.M., Cook, T.D., & Shadish, W.R. (2011). On the importance of reliable covariate measurement in selection bias adjustments using propensity scores. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 36(2), 213–236.
  • Steiner, P.M., Cook, T.D., Shadish, W.R., & Clark, M.H. (2010). The importance of covariate selection in controlling for selection bias in observational studies. Psychological Methods, 15(3), 250–267.
  • Thistlewaite, D.L., & Campbell, D.T. (1960). Regression-discontinuity analysis: An alternative to the ex post facto experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, 309–317.
  • Wooldridge, J.M. (2005). Violating ignorability of treatment by controlling for too many factors. Econometric Theory, 21, 1026–1028.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.