Telling my life: Narratives of coming out in LGB people between certainty/uncertainty and revelation/concealment

References

• Atkinson, R. (2002). L’intervista narrativa. Raccontare la storia di sé nella ricerca formativa, organizzativa e sociale. Raffaello Cortina Editore.
   Google Scholar
• Baiocco, R., & Pistella, J. (2019). “Be as you are” clinical research center at the Sapienza University of Rome. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 23(4), 376–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2019.1644572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baiocco, R., Pistella, J., Salvati, M., Ioverno, S., & Lucidi, F. (2020). Sexual prejudice in sport scale: A new measure. Journal of Homosexuality, 67(4), 489–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2018.1547560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baiocco, R., Salvati, M., Carone, N., Ioverno, S., Nappa, M. R., & Pistella, J. (2018). Identità positiva in persone lesbiche, gay e bisessuali: Un contributo alla validazione italiana della Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Positive Identity Measure (LGB-PIM). Giornale Italiano di Psicologia, 45(4), 953–978. https://doi.org/10.1421/93010
   Google Scholar
• Balsam, K. F., & Mohr, J. J. (2007). Adaptation to sexual orientation stigma: A comparison of bisexual and lesbian/gay adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(3), 306–319. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi, M., Piccoli, V., Zotti, D., Fasoli, F., & Carnaghi, A. (2017). The impact of homophobic labels on the internalized homophobia and body image of gay men: The moderation role of coming-out. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 36(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X16654735
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackmore, C. (2011). How to queer the past without sex: Queer theory, feminisms and the archaeology of identity. Archaeologies, 7(1), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-011-9157-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In E. N. Goody (Ed.), Questions and politeness (pp. 256–289) Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Caffi, C. (1999). On mitigation. Journal of Pragmatics, 31(7), 881–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(98)00098-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caffi, C. (2007). Mitigation. Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, P. K. Y., & Cheng, S. T. (2010). Shame, internalized heterosexism, lesbian identity, and coming out to others: A comparative study of lesbians in mainland China and Hong Kong. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(1), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017930
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conron, K. J., Mimiaga, M. J., & Landers, S. J. (2010). A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health. American Journal of Public Health, 100(10), 1953–1960. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.174169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, P. A., Pereira, H., & Leal, I. (2013). Internalized homonegativity, disclosure, and acceptance of sexual orientation in a sample of Portuguese gay and bisexual men, and lesbian and bisexual women. Journal of Bisexuality, 13(2), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2013.782481
   Google Scholar
• D’Augelli, A. R., & Grossman, A. H. (2001). Disclosure of sexual orientation, victimization, and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16(10), 1008–1027. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626001016010003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Augelli, A. R., Pilkington, N. W., & Hershberger, S. L. (2002). Incidence and mental health impact of sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths in high school. School Psychology Quarterly, 17(2), 148–167. https://doi.org/10.1521/scpq.17.2.148.20854
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLamater, J. D., & Hyde, J. S. (1998). Essentialism vs. social constructionism in the study of human sexuality. Journal of Sex Research, 35(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499809551913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, A. (1978). The history of sexuality, volume I: An introduction. Pantheon Books.
   Google Scholar
• Frost, D. M., Hammack, P. L., Wilson, B. D. M., Russell, S. T., Lightfoot, M., & Meyer, I. H. (2020). The qualitative interview in psychology and the study of social change: Sexual identity development, minority stress, and health in the generations study. Qualitative Psychology. Advance Online Publication, 7(3), 245–266. https://doi.org/10.103/qup0000148
   Google Scholar
• Frost, D. M., Lehavot, K., & Meyer, I. H. (2015). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minority individuals. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-013-9523-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, D. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2009). Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greimas, A. J., & Courtés, J. (1979). Sémiotique. Dictionnaire raisonné de la theorie du langage. Hachette.
   Google Scholar
• Guittar, N. A. (2014). At first I just said ‘I like girls’”: Coming out with an affinity, not an identity. Journal of LGBT Youth, 11(4), 388–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2014.910486
   Google Scholar
• Guzzo, G., Pace, U., Cascio, V. L., Craparo, G., & Schimmenti, A. (2014). Bullying victimization, post-traumatic symptoms, and the mediating role of alexithymia. Child Indicators Research, 7(1), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9206-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammack, P. L., & Toolis, E. (2014). Narrative and the social construction of adulthood. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2014(145), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20066
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hammack, P. L., & Toolis, E. E. (2015). Putting the social into personal identity: The master narrative as root metaphor for psychological and developmental science. Human Development, 58(6), 350–364. https://doi.org/10.1159/000446054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hässler, T., Ullrich, J., Bernardino, M., Shnabel, N., Laar, C. V., Valdenegro, D., Sebben, S., Tropp, L. R., Visintin, E. P., González, R., Ditlmann, R. K., Abrams, D., Selvanathan, H. P., Branković, M., Wright, S., von Zimmermann, J., Pasek, M., Aydin, A. L., Žeželj, I., … Ugarte, L. M. (2020). A large-scale test of the link between intergroup contact and support for social change. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(4), 380–386. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0815-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, M. M. (2013). Coming out: Implications for self-esteem and depression in gay and lesbian individuals [Unpublished Doctoral dissertation)]. Humboldt State University.
   Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M. (2003). Why tell if you’re not asked? Self-disclosure, intergroup contact, and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. In L. D. Garnets & D. C. Kimmel (Eds.). Psychological perspectives on lesbian, gay, and bisexual experiences (pp. 270–298). Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Herek, G. M., & Garnets, L. D. (2007). Sexual orientation and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 353–375. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, M. W., & Bell, A. P. (1995). Romantic emotional attachment: Additional factors in the development of the sexual orientation of men. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(6), 621–625. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01806.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, K., Holtby, A., Cook, K., & Travers, R. (2015). Complicating the coming out narrative: Becoming oneself in a heterosexist and cissexist world. Journal of Homosexuality, 62(3), 297–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2014.970829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, D. G., Chastain, R. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Ayzenberg, R. (2015). Self-concealment: Integrative review and working model. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34(8), 705–774. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2015.34.8.705
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaSala, M. C. (2000). Gay male couples: The importance of coming out and being out to parents. Journal of Homosexuality, 39(2), 47–71. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v39n02_03
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legate, N., Ryan, R. M., & Weinstein, N. (2012). Is coming out always a “good thing”? Exploring the relations of autonomy support, outness, and wellness for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611411929
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingiardi, V., Baiocco, R., & Nardelli, N. (2012). Measure of internalized sexual stigma for lesbians and gay men: A new scale. Journal of Homosexuality, 59(8), 1191–1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2012.712850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Goossens, L., Beyers, W., & Missotten, L. (2011). Processes of personal identity formation and evaluation. In S. J., Schwartz, K., Luyckx, & V. L., Vignoles (Series Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 77–98). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_1
   Google Scholar
• Mays, V. M., & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91(11), 1869–1876. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P., Albaugh, M., Farber, E., Daniels, J., Logan, R. L., & Olson, B. (2008). Family metaphors and moral intuitions: How conservatives and liberals narrate their lives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(4), 978–990. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (1995). Stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H., & Northridge, M. E. (2007). The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations. Springer Science C Business Media, LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H., Schwartz, S., & Frost, D. M. (2008). Social patterning of stress and coping: Does disadvantaged social statuses confer more stress and fewer coping resources? Social Science & Medicine, 67(3), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr, J. J., & Fassinger, R. E. (2000). Measuring dimensions of lesbian and gay male experience. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 33(2), 66–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2000.12068999
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr, J. J., & Kendra, M. S. (2011). Revision and extension of a multidimensional measure of sexual minority identity: The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monroe, E. J. (2000). Drawing upon the experiences of those who are out: A qualitative study of the coming-out process of gays and lesbians [Unpublished Doctoral dissertation]. University of Iowa.
   Google Scholar
• Moorhead, C. (1999). Queering identities: The roles of integrity and belonging in becoming ourselves. International Journal of Sexuality and Gender Studies, 4(4), 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023253513903
   Google Scholar
• Mosher, C. M. (2001). The social implications of sexual identity formation and the coming-out process: A review of the theoretical and empirical literature. The Family Journal, 9(2), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480701092011
   Google Scholar
• Nardelli, N., Baiocco, R., Tanzilli, A., & Lingiardi, V. (2020). Not in the same mental drawer: Internalized sexual stigma, dissociation, and the role of religion in a sample of Italian gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 67(10), 1386–1400. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2019.1591786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orne, J. (2011). ‘You will always have to “out” yourself’: Reconsidering coming out through strategic outness. Sexualities, 14(6), 681–703. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460711420462
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrocchi, N., Pistella, J., Salvati, M., Carone, N., Laghi, F., & Baiocco, R. (2020). I embrace my LGB identity: Self-reassurance, social safeness, and the distinctive relevance of authenticity to wellbeing in Italian lesbians, gay men, and bisexual people. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 17(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-018-0373-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilkington, N. W., & D’Augelli, A. R. (1995). Victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth in community settings. Journal of Community Psychology, 23(1), 34–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(199501)23:1<34::AID-JCOP2290230105>3.0.CO;2-N
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pistella, J., Caricato, V., & Baiocco, R. (2020). Coming out to siblings and parents in an Italian sample of lesbian women and gay men. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(10), 2916–2929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01597-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pistella, J., Rosati, F., Ioverno, S., Girelli, L., Laghi, F., Lucidi, F., & Baiocco, R. (2020). Coming out in family and sports-related contexts among young Italian gay and lesbian athletes: The mediation effect of the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” attitude. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(1), 208–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01551-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter, J. (2003). Discursive psychology: Between method and paradigm. Discourse & Society, 14(6), 783–794. https://doi.org/10.1177/09579265030146005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter, J., & Hepburn, A. (2008). Discursive constructionism. In J. A. Holstein & J. F. Gubrium (Eds.). Handbook of constructionist research (pp. 275–293). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Qianbo, L. (2016). Mitigating mechanism of discourse markers. Canadian Social Science, 12(12), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.3968/9033
   Google Scholar
• Riggle, E. D. B., Mohr, J. J., Rostosky, S. S., Fingerhut, A. W., & Balsam, K. F. (2014). A multifactor Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Positive Identity Measure (LGB-PIM). Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(4), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000057
   Google Scholar
• Riggle, E. D. B., & Rostosky, S. S. (2012). A positive view of LGBTQ: Embracing identity and cultivating wellbeing. Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Riggle, E. D. B., Rostosky, S. S., & Horne, S. G. (2010). Psychological distress, well-being, and legal recognition in same-sex couple relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(1), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggle, E. D. B., Whitman, J. S., Olson, A., Rostosky, S. S., & Strong, S. (2008). The positive aspects of being a lesbian or gay man. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39(2), 210–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.39.2.210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosati, F., Pistella, J., & Baiocco, R. (2021). Italian sexual minority older adults in healthcare services: Identities, discriminations, and competencies. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 18(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00443-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosati, F., Pistella, J., Nappa, M. R., & Baiocco, R. (2020). The coming-out process in family, social, and religious contexts among young, middle, and older Italian LGBQ + adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 617217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, S. (2018). Coming in: Queer narratives of sexual self-discovery. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(13), 1788–1816. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1390811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, N. E. (2010). "Coming out" stories of gay and lesbian young adults. Journal of Homosexuality, 57(9), 1174–1191. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2010.508330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rostosky, S. S., Cardom, R. D., Hammer, J. H., & Riggle, E. D. B. (2018). LGB positive identity and psychological wellbeing. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(4), 482–489. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000298
   Google Scholar
• Rostosky, S. S., Riggle, E., Pascale-Hague, D., & McCants, L. E. (2010). The positive aspects of a bisexual self-identification. Psychology and Sexuality, 1(2), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2010.484595
   Google Scholar
• Rust, P. C. (1993). “Coming out” in the age of social constructionism: Sexual identity formation among lesbian and bisexual women. Gender & Society, 7(1), 50–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124393007001004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvati, M., Pistella, J., Ioverno, S., Laghi, F., & Baiocco, R. (2018). Coming out to siblings and internalized sexual stigma: The moderating role of gender in a sample of Italian participants. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 14(5), 405–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2017.1369916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandfort, T. G. M., Bos, H. M. W., & Vet, R. (2006). Lesbians and gay men at work: Consequences of being out. In A. M. Omoto & H. S. Kurtzman (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on lesbian, gay, and bisexual psychology. Sexual orientation and mental health: Examining identity and development in lesbian, gay, and bisexual people (pp. 225–244). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11261-011
   Google Scholar
• Sarbin, T. R. (1986). Narrative psychology. The storied nature of human conduct. Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Savin-Williams, R. C. (1989). Coming out to parents and self-esteem among gay and lesbian youths. Journal of Homosexuality, 18(1-2), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v18n01_01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savin-Williams, R. C. (1994). Verbal and physical abuse as stressors in the lives of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual youths: Associations with school problems, running away, substance abuse, prostitution, and suicide. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(2), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal, A. (2000). Masculinity, school, and self in Sweden and the Netherlands. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 8(2), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.3149/jms.0802.171
   Google Scholar
• Scardigno, R., & Mininni, G. (2021). Un-certainty as a pragmatic resource for psychiatric argumentation: A diachronical and diatextual approach. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 55(2), 267–287. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-020-09568-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp, M. (2021). ‘Insighters’: The complexity of qualitative methods in youth music research. Journal of Youth Studies, 24(6), 799–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2020.1770710
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfensberger, W. (1983). Social role valorization: A proposed new term for the principle of normalization. Mental Retardation, 21(6), 234–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zagaria, A. E., Scardigno, R., Colonna, C., & Mininni, G. (2018). Discursive dynamics in restructuring parental roles in families with rare disease. Psicologia Della Salute, 2, 70–90. https://doi.org/10.3280/PDS2018-002008
   Google Scholar