Caregiver Perceptions and Expectations and Child Emotion Regulation: A Test of Two Mediation Models Predicting Child Psychopathology among Trauma-Exposed Children

References

• Abidin , R. R. 1997 . “ Parenting stress index: A measure of the parent–child system ” . In Evaluating stress: A book of resources , Edited by: Zalaquett , C. P. and Wood , R. J. 277 – 291 . Lanham , MD : Scarecrow Education . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Achenbach , T. M. and Rescorla , L. A. 2001 . Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles , Burlington , VT : University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth and Families .
   Google Scholar
• Aschenbrand , S. G. , Angelosante , A. G. and Kendall , P. C. 2005 . Discriminant validity and clinical utility of the CBCL with anxiety-disordered youth . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 34 ( 4 ) : 735 – 746 . doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. M. and Kenny , D. A. 1986 . The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 ( 6 ) : 1173 – 1182 . doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates , J. E. , Bayles , K. , Bennett , D. S. , Ridge , B. and Brown , M. M. 1991 . “ Origins of externalizing behavior problems at eight years of age ” . In The development and treatment of childhood aggression , Edited by: Pepler , D. J. and Rubin , K. H. 93 – 120 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Bell , R. Q. 1968 . A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization . Psychological Review , 75 ( 2 ) : 81 – 95 . doi:10.1037/h0025583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen , K. A. and Stine , R. 1990 . Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability . Sociological Methodology , 20 : 115 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1982 . Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 52 ( 4 ) : 664 – 678 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briere , J. 2005 . Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children: Professional manual , Lutz , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Cicchetti , D. , Ganiban , J. and Barnett , D. 1991 . “ Contributions from the study of high-risk populations to understanding the development of emotion regulation ” . In The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation , Edited by: Garber , J. and Dodge , K. A. 15 – 48 . New York , NY : Cambridge University Press . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. A. , Mannarino , A. P. and Deblinger , E. 2006 . Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents , New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Cole , P. M. and Zahn-Waxler , C. 1992 . “ Emotional dysregulation in disruptive behavior disorders ” . In Rochester symposium on developmental psychopathology , Edited by: Cicchetti , D. and Toth , S. L. 173 – 209 . Rochester , NY : University of Rochester Press . InEds.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Costa , N. M. , Weems , C. F. , Pellerin , K. and Dalton , R. 2006 . Parenting stress and childhood psychopathology: An examination of specificity to internalizing and externalizing symptoms . Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment , 28 ( 2 ) : 113 – 122 . doi:10.1007/s10862-006-7489-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creasey , G. L. and Jarvis , P. A. 1994 . Relationships between parenting stress and developmental functioning among 2-year-olds . Infant Behavior & Development , 17 ( 4 ) : 423 – 429 . doi:10.1016/0163-6383(94)90034-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , M. G. 1995 . Parental distress and ability to cope following disclosure of extra-familial sexual abuse . Child Abuse & Neglect , 19 ( 4 ) : 399 – 408 . doi:10.1016/0145-2134(95)00010-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deblinger , E. , Lippmann , J. and Steer , R. 1996 . Sexually abused children suffering posttraumatic stress symptoms: Initial treatment outcome findings . Child Maltreatment , 1 : 310 – 321 . doi:10.1177/1077559596001004003
   Google Scholar
• De Los Reyes , A. and Kazdin , A. E. 2005 . Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study . Psychological Bulletin , 131 ( 4 ) : 483 – 509 . doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg , N. , Cumberland , A. , Spinrad , T. L. , Fabes , R. A. , Shepard , S. A. , Reiser , M., … and Guthrie , I. K. 2001 . The relations of regulation and emotionality to children's externalizing and internalizing problem behavior . Child Development , 72 ( 4 ) : 1112 – 1134 . doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelhor , D. , Ormrod , R. , Turner , H. and Hamby , S. L. 2005 . The victimization of children and youth: A comprehensive, national survey . Child Maltreatment , 10 ( 1 ) : 5 – 25 . doi:10.1177/1077559504271287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gewirtz , A. , Forgatch , M. and Wieling , E. 2008 . Parenting practices as potential mechanisms for child adjustment following mass trauma . Journal of Marital & Family Therapy , 34 ( 2 ) : 177 – 192 . doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2008.00063.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keenan , K. 2000 . Emotion dysregulation as a risk factor for child psychopathology . Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , 7 ( 4 ) : 418 – 434 . doi:10.1093/clipsy/7.4.418
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch , K. and Jarvis , C. 1987 . Symbiotic mother-daughter relationships in incest families . Social Casework , 68 ( 2 ) : 94 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Kopp , C. B. 1989 . Regulation of distress and negative emotions: A developmental view . Developmental Psychology , 25 ( 3 ) : 343 – 354 . doi:10.1037/0012-1649.25.3.343
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenneke , R. , Alink , A. , Cicchetti , D. , Jungmeen , K. and Rogosch , F. A. 2009 . Mediating and moderating processes in the relation between maltreatment and psychopathology: Mother-child relationship quality and emotion regulation . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 37 : 831 – 834 . doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9314-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon , D. P. , Lockwood , C. M. , Hoffman , J. M. , West , S. G. and Sheets , V. 2002 . A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects . Psychological Methods , 7 ( 1 ) : 83 – 104 . doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon , D. P. , Warsi , G. and Dwyer , J. H. 1995 . A simulation study of mediated effect measures . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 30 ( 1 ) : 41 – 62 . doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3001_3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main , M. , Kaplan , N. and Cassidy , J. 1985 . Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 50 ( 1-2 ) : 66 – 104 . doi:10.2307/3333827
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCourt , J. , Peel , J. C. F. and O'Carroll , P. 1998 . The effects of child sexual abuse on the protecting parent(s): Identifying a counselling response for secondary victims . Counselling Psychology Quarterly , 11 ( 3 ) : 283 – 299 . doi:10.1080/09515079808254061
   Google Scholar
• Muller , R.T. and Di Paolo , M.A. 2008 . The healthy coping program for maltreated children , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada : Provincial Centre of Excellence, Child & Youth Mental Health at CHEO (Research Grant) .
   Google Scholar
• Preacher , K. J. and Hayes , A. F. 2004 . SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models . Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers , 36 ( 4 ) : 717 – 731 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Regehr , C. 1990 . Parental responses to extrafamilial child sexual assault . Child Abuse & Neglect , 14 ( 1 ) : 113 – 120 . doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90086-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenblum , K. L. , McDonough , S. , Muzik , M. , Miller , A. and Sameroff , A. 2002 . Maternal representations of the infant: Associations with infant response to the still face . Child Development , 73 ( 4 ) : 999 – 1015 . doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , A. 1997 . Individual and family factors contributing to mothers’ and fathers’ positive parenting . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 21 ( 1 ) : 111 – 132 . doi:10.1080/016502597385018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields , A. and Cicchetti , D. 1997 . Emotion regulation among school-age children: The development and validation of a new criterion Q-sort scale . Developmental Psychology , 33 ( 6 ) : 906 – 916 . doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields , A. and Cicchetti , D. 1998 . Reactive aggression among maltreated children: The contributions of attention and emotion dysregulation . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 27 ( 4 ) : 381 – 395 . doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2704_2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipman , K. L. and Zeman , J. 2001 . Socialization of children's emotion regulation in mother-child dyads: A developmental psychopathology perspective . Development and Psychopathology , 13 ( 2 ) : 317 – 336 . doi:10.1017/S0954579401002073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrout , P. E. and Bolger , N. 2002 . Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations . Psychological Methods , 7 ( 4 ) : 422 – 445 . doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobel , M. E. 1986 . “ Some new results on indirect effects and their standard errors in covariance structure models ” . In Sociological methodology , Edited by: Tuma , N. 159 – 186 . Washington , DC : American Sociological Association . InEd.pp.
   Google Scholar
• Southam-Gerow , M. A. and Kendall , P. C. 2002 . Emotion regulation and understanding: Implications for child psychopathology and therapy . Clinical Psychology Review , 22 ( 2 ) : 189 – 222 . doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00087-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stice , E. and Barrera , M. 1995 . A longitudinal examination of the reciprocal relations between perceived parenting and adolescents’ substance use and externalizing behaviors . Developmental Psychology , 31 ( 2 ) : 322 – 334 . doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.2.322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suveg , C. , Jacob , M. L. and Payne , M. 2010 . Parental interpersonal sensitivity and youth social problems: A meditational role for child emotion dysregulation . Journal of Child and Family Studies , 19 : 677 – 686 . doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9354-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suveg , C. and Zeman , J. 2004 . Emotion regulation in children with anxiety disorders . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 33 ( 4 ) : 750 – 759 . doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3304_10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , R. A. 1994 . Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 59 ( 2–3 ) : 250 – 283 . 25–52doi:10.2307/1166137
   Google Scholar
• Wagner , W. G. 1991 . Depression in mothers of sexually abused vs. mothers of nonabused children . Child Abuse & Neglect , 15 ( 1-2 ) : 99 – 104 . doi:10.1016/0145-2134(91)90094-T
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williford , A. P. , Calkins , S. D. and Keane , S. P. 2007 . Predicting change in parenting stress across early childhood: Child and maternal factors . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 35 ( 2 ) : 251 – 263 . doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9082-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , R. E. , Goodman , J. S. , Beckmann , N. and Cook , A. 2008 . Mediation testing in management research: A review and proposals . Organizational Research Methods , 11 ( 2 ) : 270 – 295 . doi:10.1177/1094428106297811
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeman , J. , Cassano , M. , Perry-Parrish , C. and Stegall , S. 2006 . Emotion regulation in children and adolescents . Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics , 27 ( 2 ) : 155 – 168 . doi:10.1097/00004703-200604000-00014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar