748
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Minority statuses and mental health outcomes among young gay, bisexual and queer men in Singapore

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 198-215 | Received 26 Feb 2021, Accepted 01 Jun 2021, Published online: 24 Jun 2021

References

  • Austen, E., Greenaway, K. H., & Griffiths, S. (2020). Differences in weight stigma between gay, bisexual, and heterosexual men. Body Image, 35, 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.08.002
  • Baams, L., Grossman, A. H., & Russell, S. T. (2015). Minority stress and mechanisms of risk for depression and suicidal ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Developmental Psychology, 51(5), 688–696. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038994
  • Badenes-Ribera, L., Fabris, M. A., & Longobardi, C. (2018). The relationship between internalized homonegativity and body image concerns in sexual minority men: A meta-analysis. Psychology & Sexuality, 9(3), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2018.1476905
  • Beyrer, C., Baral, S. D., & van Griensven, F. (2012). Global epidemiology of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. Lancet, 380(9839), 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60821-6
  • Blashill, A. J., Gordon, J. R., & Safren, S. A. (2014). Depression longitudinally mediates the association of appearance concerns to ART non-adherence in HIV-infected individuals with a history of injection drug use. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37(1), 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9476-3
  • Bostwick, W. B., Meyer, I., Aranda, F., Russell, S., Hughes, T., Birkett, M., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Mental health and suicidality among racially/ethnically diverse sexual minority youths. Am Journal of Public Health, 104(6), 1129–1136. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301749
  • Bowleg, L. (2008). When black + lesbian + woman ≠ black lesbian woman: The methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research. Sex Roles, 59(5–6), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9400-z
  • Boyas, J. F., Villarreal-Otálora, T., Alvarez-Hernandez, L. R., & Fatehi, M. (2019). Suicide ideation, planning, and attempts: The case of the Latinx LGB youth. Health Promotion Perspectives, 9(3), 198–206. https://doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2019.28
  • Bruce, D., Ramirez-Valles, J., & Campbell, R. T. (2008). Stigmatization, substance use, and sexual risk behavior among Latino gay and bisexual men and transgender persons. Journal of Drug Issues, 38(1), 235–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/002204260803800111
  • Callander, D., Newman, C. E., & Holt, M. (2015). Is sexual racism really racism? Distinguishing attitudes toward sexual racism and generic racism among gay and bisexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(7), 1991–2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0487-3
  • Choi, K. H., Paul, J., Ayala, G., Boylan, R., & Gregorich, S. E. (2013). Experiences of discrimination and their impact on the mental health among African American, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Latino men who have sex with men. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 868–874. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301052
  • Choo, H. Y., & Ferree, M. M. (2010). Practicing intersectionality in sociological research: A critical analysis of inclusions, interactions, and institutions in the study of inequalities. Sociological Theory, 28(2), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01370.x
  • Chua, L. J. S., Tan, R. K. J., & Jie, K. W. (2017). Decriminalisation of same-sex relations and social attitudes: An empirical study of Singapore. Hong Kong Law Journal, 47(3), 793–824.
  • Cochran, S. D., Mays, V. M., & Sullivan, J. G. (2003). Prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and mental health services use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.71.1.53
  • Collins, P. H. (2015). Intersectionality’s definitional dilemmas. Annual Review of Sociology, 41(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112142
  • Combs, T. P. (2017). Transcending the binary?: Gay men’s perspectives on transgender men [PhD diss]. The University of Texas at Austin.
  • Cook, S. H., Sandfort, T. G. M., Nel, J. A., & Rich, E. P. (2013). Exploring the relationship between gender nonconformity and mental health among black South African gay and bisexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(3), 327–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0087-z
  • Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
  • English, D., Rendina, H. J., & Parsons, J. T. (2018). The effects of intersecting stigma: A longitudinal examination of minority stress, mental health, and substance use among Black, Latino, and multiracial gay and bisexual men. Psychology of Violence, 8(6), 669–679. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000218
  • Ferlatte, O., Salway, T., Hankivsky, O., Trussler, T., Oliffe, J. L., & Marchand, R. (2018). Recent suicide attempts across multiple social identities among gay and bisexual men: An intersectionality analysis. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(11), 1507–1526. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1377489
  • Ferlatte, O., Salway, T., Trussler, T., Oliffe, J. L., & Gilbert, M. (2018). Combining intersectionality and syndemic theory to advance understandings of health inequities among Canadian gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. Critical Public Health, 28(5), 509–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2017.1380298
  • Foster-Gimbel, O., & Engeln, R. (2016). Fat chance! Experiences and expectations of antifat bias in the gay male community. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 3(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000159
  • Garofalo, R., Mustanski, B., Johnson, A., & Emerson, E. (2010). Exploring factors that underlie racial/ethnic disparities in HIV risk among young men who have sex with men. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 87(2), 318–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-009-9430-z
  • Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Keyes, K. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2009). State-level policies and psychiatric morbidity in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. American Journal of Public Health, 99(12), 2275–2281. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.153510
  • Hatzenbuehler, M. L., McLaughlin, K. A., Keyes, K. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2010). The impact of institutional discrimination on psychiatric disorders in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: A prospective study. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.168815
  • Jampel, J., Safren, S., & Blashill, A. (2015). Muscularity disturbance and methamphetamine use among HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 16(4), 474–479. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038461
  • Kapadia, F., Bub, K., Barton, S., Stults, C. B., & Halkitis, P. N. (2015). Longitudinal trends in sexual behaviors without a condom among sexual minority youth: The P18 cohort study. AIDS and Behavior, 19(12), 2152–2161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1175-y
  • Khan, M., Ilcisin, M., & Saxton, K. (2017). Multifactorial discrimination as a fundamental cause of mental health inequities. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0532-z
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
  • Lehavot, K., & Simoni, J. M. (2011). The impact of minority stress on mental health and substance use among sexual minority women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022839
  • Lewis, L. A., & Ross, M. W. (1995). The gay dance party culture in Sydney. Journal of Homosexuality, 29(1), 41–70. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v29n01_03
  • Mathews, M., Lim, L., & Selvarajan, S. (2019). Religion, morality and conservatism in Singapore. Institute of Policy Studies.
  • McCabe, S. E., Hughes, T. L., Bostwick, W. B., West, B. T., & Boyd, C. J. (2009). Sexual orientation, substance use behaviors and substance dependence in the United States. Addiction, 104(8), 1333–1345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02596.x
  • Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38–56.
  • Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
  • Miranda-Mendizábal, A., Castellví, P., Parés-Badell, O., Almenara, J., Alonso, I., Blasco, M. J., Cebrià, A., Gabilondo, A., Gili, M., Lagares, C., Piqueras, J. A., Roca, M., Rodríguez-Marín, J., Rodríguez-Jiménez, T., Soto-Sanz, V., Vilagut, G., & Alonso, J. (2017). Sexual orientation and suicidal behaviour in adolescents and young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 211(2), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.196345
  • Mu, H., Li, Y., & Liu, L. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors for lifetime suicide ideation, plan and attempt in Chinese men who have sex with men. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 117–117. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0830-9
  • Parent, M. C., DeBlaere, C., & Moradi, B. (2013). Approaches to research on intersectionality: Perspectives on gender, LGBT, and racial/ethnic identities. Sex Roles, 68(11–12), 639–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2
  • Ramirez-Valles, J., Kuhns, L. M., Campbell, R. T., & Diaz, R. M. (2010). Social Integration and Health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 30–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146509361176
  • Reisen, C. A., Brooks, K. D., Zea, M. C., Poppen, P. J., & Bianchi, F. T. (2013). Can additive measures add to an intersectional understanding? Experiences of gay and ethnic discrimination among HIV-positive Latino gay men. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19(2), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031906
  • Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). Measuring global self-esteem: Construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201272002
  • Rouhani, S. (2014). Intersectionality-informed quantitative research: A primer. American Journal of Public Health, 103(6), 1082–1089.
  • Russell, S. T., & Joyner, K. (2001). Adolescent sexual orientation and suicide risk: Evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health, 91(8), 1276–1281. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.91.8.1276
  • Sandfort, T. G. M., Melendez, R. M., & Diaz, R. M. (2007). Gender nonconformity, homophobia, and mental distress in Latino gay and bisexual men. The Journal of Sex Research, 44(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490701263819
  • Semple, S. J., Strathdee, S. A., Zians, J., & Patterson, T. L. (2012). Factors associated with experiences of stigma in a sample of HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 125(1–2), 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.04.007
  • Skidmore, W. C., Linsenmeier, J. A. W., & Bailey, J. M. (2006). Gender nonconformity and psychological distress in lesbians and gay men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(6), 685–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9108-5
  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group. (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. JAMA, 282(18), 1737–1744. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.18.1737
  • Stone, D. M., Luo, F., Ouyang, L., Lippy, C., Hertz, M. F., & Crosby, A. E. (2014). Sexual orientation and suicide ideation, plans, attempts, and medically serious attempts: Evidence from local Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, 2001-2009. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 262–271. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301383
  • Tai, B. C. (2013). Poisson regression. In Regression methods for medical research (pp. 98–119).
  • Tan, R. K. J. (2019). Internalized homophobia, HIV knowledge, and HIV/AIDS personal responsibility beliefs: Correlates of HIV/AIDS discrimination among MSM in the context of institutionalized stigma. Journal of Homosexuality, 66(8), 1082–1022. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2018.1491249
  • Tan, R. K. J., Kaur, N., Kumar, P. A., Tay, E., Leong, A., Chen, M. I.-C., & Wong, C. S. (2020). Clinics as spaces of costly disclosure: HIV/STI testing and anticipated stigma among gay, bisexual and queer men. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 22(3), 307–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2019.1596313
  • Tan, R. K. J., Teo, A. K. J., Kaur, N., Harrison-Quintana, J., Chen, M. I.-C., & Wong, C. S. (2019). Extent and selectivity of sexual orientation disclosure and its association with HIV and other STI testing patterns among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 95(4), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053866
  • Taywaditep, K. J. (2001). Marginalization among the marginalized: Gay men’s anti-effeminacy attitudes. J Homosex, 42(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1300/j082v42n01_01
  • Teo, A. K. J., Prem, K., Chen, M. I. C., Roellin, A., Wong, M. L., La, H. H., & Cook, A. R. (2019). Estimating the size of key populations for HIV in Singapore using the network scale-up method. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 95(8), 602–607.
  • Theodore, P. S., Achiro, R. P., Duran, R. E., & Antoni, M. H. (2011). Body dissatisfaction and methamphetamine use among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: A pilot study. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(14), 1745–1749. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2011.618998
  • Turan, J. M., Elafros, M. A., Logie, C. H., et al. (2019). Challenges and opportunities in examining and addressing intersectional stigma and health. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1246-9
  • Van Beusekom, G., Bos, H. M., Kuyper, L., Overbeek, G., & Sandfort, T. G. (2018). Gender nonconformity and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: Homophobic stigmatization and internalized homophobia as mediators. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(9), 1211–1222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316643378
  • Veenstra, G. (2011). Race, gender, class, and sexual orientation: Intersecting axes of inequality and self-rated health in Canada. International Journal for Equity in Health, 10, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-10-3
  • Wilton, L. (2009). A preliminary study of body image and HIV sexual risk behavior in black gay and bisexual men: Implications for HIV prevention. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 21(4), 309–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720802497829

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.