Comparative Analysis of Per-Tourist and Total Carbon Emissions Generated in Hospitality and Tourism Sectors: Impact on Climate Change and Implications for Economy, Society, and Environment

References

• Agnew, M. D., & Viner, D. (2001). Potential impacts of climate change on international tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3(1), 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/146735840100300104
   Google Scholar
• Akadiri, S. S., Lasisi, T. T., Uzuner, G., & Akadiri, A. C. (2019). Examining the impact of globalization in the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis: The case of tourist destination states. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(12), 12605–12615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04722-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akadiri, S. S., Uzuner, G., Akadiri, A. C., & Lasisi, T. T. (2021). Environmental kuznets curve hypothesis in the case of tourism island states: The moderating role of globalization. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(2), 2846–2858. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, Y., Mustafa, M., Al-Mashaqbah, S., Mashal, K., & Mohsen, M. (2008). Potential of energy savings in the hotel sector in Jordan. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(11), 3391–3397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.09.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, Q., Yaseen, M. R., Anwar, S., Makhdum, M. S. A., & Khan, M. T. I. (2021). The impact of tourism, renewable energy, and economic growth on ecological footprint and natural resources: A panel data analysis. Resources Policy, 74, 102365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102365
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alola, A. A., Lasisi, T. T., Eluwole, K. K., & Alola, U. V. (2021). Pollutant emission effect of tourism, real income, energy utilization, and urbanization in OECD countries: A panel quantile approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(2), 1752–1761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10556-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amelung, B., & Nicholls, S. (2014). Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia. Tourism Management, 41, 228–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaumont, L. J., McAllan, I. A., & Hughes, L. (2006). A matter of timing: Changes in the first date of arrival and last date of departure of Australian migratory birds. Global Change Biology, 12(7), 1339–1354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01171.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becken, S., & Hay, J. E. (2007). Tourism and climate change: Risks and opportunities (Vol. 1). Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Bi, C., & Zeng, J. (2019). Nonlinear and spatial effects of tourism on carbon emissions in China: A spatial econometric approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 3353. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botkin, D. B., Saxe, H., Araújo, M. B., Betts, R., Bradshaw, R. H., Cedhagen, T., & Stockwell, D. R. (2007). Forecasting the effects of global warming on biodiversity. Bioscience, 57(3), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.1641/B570306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brondizio, E. S., & Moran, E. F. (2008). Human dimensions of climate change: The vulnerability of small farmers in the Amazon. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1498), 1803–1809. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, M., Davis, W. M., & Diffenbaugh, N. S. (2018). Large potential reduction in economic damages under UN mitigation targets. Nature, 557(7706), 549–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0071-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, R. W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 24(1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1980.tb00970.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, E. S. (2012). Securing indigenous politics: A critique of the vulnerability and adaptation approach to the human dimensions of climate change in the Canadian Arctic. Global Environmental Change, 22(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castree, N. (2016). Broaden research on the human dimensions of climate change. Nature Climate Change, 6(8), 731–731. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers, L. E. (2005). Migration dates at Eyre Bird Observatory: Links with climate change? Climate Research, 29(2), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr029157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, J., Park, J., Jeon, H. (., & Asperin, A. E. (2021). Exploring local food consumption in restaurants through the lens of locavorism. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 30(8), 982–1004. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2021.1923608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, Y., Ullah, I., Rehman, A., Hussain, A., & Zeeshan, M. (2022). Does tourism increase CO2 emissions and health spending in Mexico? New evidence from nonlinear ARDL approach. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 37(1), 242–257. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finzi, A. C., Austin, A. T., Cleland, E. E., Frey, S. D., Houlton, B. Z., & Wallenstein, M. D. (2011). Responses and feedbacks of coupled biogeochemical cycles to climate change: Examples from terrestrial ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1890/100001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fourier, J. (1824). Remarques générales sur les températures du globe terrestre et des espaces planétaires. Annales de Chemie et de Physique, 27, 136–167.
   Google Scholar
• Gasper, R., Blohm, A., & Ruth, M. (2011). Social and economic impacts of climate change on the urban environment. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 3(3), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2010.12.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, S. (2020). Tourism and the environmental kuznets curve: A panel estimation. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(6), 839–852. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2387
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling, S. (2013). National emissions from tourism: An overlooked policy challenge? Energy Policy, 59, 433–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.03.058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling, S., & Peeters, P. (2015). Assessing tourism’s global environmental impact 1900–2050. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 639–659. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1008500
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1995). Economic growth and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353–377. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118443
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurney, G. G., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Geronimo, R. C., Aliño, P. M., Johnson, C. R., & Ferse, S. C. A. (2013). Modelling coral reef futures to inform management: Can reducing local-scale stressors conserve reefs under climate change? Public Library of Science ONE, 8(11), e80137. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080137
   Google Scholar
• Habibullah, M. S., Din, B. H., Tan, S. H., & Zahid, H. (2022). Impact of climate change on biodiversity loss: Global evidence. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(1), 1073–1086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15702-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, B. E. (1999). Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels: Estimation, testing, and inference. Journal of Econometrics, 93(2), 345–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(99)00025-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessy, K. J., Whetton, P. H., Walsh, K., Smith, I. N., Bathols, J. M., Hutchinson, M., & Sharples, J. (2008). Climate change effects on snow conditions in mainland Australia and adaptation at ski resorts through snowmaking. Climate Research, 35(3), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsiao, T. Y. (2016). Developing a dual-perspective low-carbon tourism evaluation index system for travel agencies. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(12), 1604–1623. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1136633
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain, R., Ratna, V. V., & Saxena, A. (2023). Past, present, and future of anthropomorphism in hospitality & tourism: Conceptualization and systematic review. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 32(8), 1077–1125. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2023.2232382
   Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(H. Lee & J. Romero ( Eds.). (2023). Climate change 2023: Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II, and III to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. IPCC. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647
   Google Scholar
• Jain, P., Singh, R. K., Mishra, R., & Rana, N. P. (2023). Emerging dimensions of blockchain application in tourism and hospitality sector: A systematic literature review. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 32(4), 454–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2023.2184440
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamboj, S., Matharu, M., Lim, W. M., Ali, F., & Kumar, S. (2022). Consumer adoption of green hotels: Understanding the role of value, innovation, and involvement. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(7), 819–849. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2022.2071370
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushik, G., & Sharma, K. C. (2015). Climate change and rural livelihoods-adaptation and vulnerability in Rajasthan. Global NEST Journal, 17(1), 41–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, A., Chenggang, Y., Hussain, J., Bano, S., & Nawaz, A. (2020). Natural resources, tourism development, and energy-growth-CO2 emission nexus: A simultaneity modeling analysis of BRI countries. Resources Policy, 68, 101751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101751
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kongbuamai, N., Bui, Q., Yousaf, H. M. A. U., & Liu, Y. (2020). The impact of tourism and natural resources on the ecological footprint: A case study of ASEAN countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(16), 19251–19264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08582-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitão, N. C., & Lorente, D. B. (2020). The linkage between economic growth, renewable energy, tourism, CO2 emissions, and international trade: The evidence for the European Union. Energies, 13(18), 4838. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184838
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenzen, M., Sun, Y. Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y. P., Geschke, A., & Malik, A. (2018). The carbon footprint of global tourism. Nature Climate Change, 8(6), 522–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, W., Xu, L., Hu, B., Zhou, J., & Wang, Z. (2017). Reprint of: Quantifying direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions of the Chinese tourism industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 163, S401–S409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.177
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, C., & Pickering, C. M. (2013). Perceptions of climate change impacts, adaptation and limits to adaption in the Australian alps: The ski-tourism industry and key stakeholders. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(2), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.681789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhammad, F., Khan, A., Razzaq, N., & Karim, R. (2021). Influence of tourism, governance, and foreign direct investment on energy consumption and CO 2 emissions: A panel analysis of Muslim countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(1), 416–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10502-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Weather Service. (2022). Our changing Florida climate. https://www.weather.gov/media/tbw/workouts/2022jan18_ww_flclimatechange.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nosheen, M., Iqbal, J., & Khan, H. U. (2021). Analyzing the linkage among CO 2 emissions, economic growth, tourism, and energy consumption in the Asian economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(13), 16707–16719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11759-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okumus, B. (2020). How do hotels manage food waste? evidence from hotels in Orlando, Florida. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(3), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1618775
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters, P., & Dubois, G. (2010). Tourism travel under climate change mitigation constraints. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(3), 447–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters, P., & Schouten, F. (2006). Reducing the ecological footprint of inbound tourism and transport to Amsterdam. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580508669050
   Google Scholar
• Pham, T. D., Simmons, D. G., & Spurr, R. (2010). Climate change-induced economic impacts on tourism destinations: The case of Australia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 449–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669581003668532
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering, C. M., Castley, J. G., & Burtt, M. (2010). Skiing less often in a warmer world: Attitudes of tourists to climate change in an Australian ski resort. Geographical Research, 48(2), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00614.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plappally, A. K., & Lienhard V, J. H. (2012). Energy requirements for water production, treatment, end use, reclamation, and disposal. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7), 4818–4848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.05.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pu, W., & Mi, T. (2016). On estimating transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from off-shore island tourism—a case study of Haikou City, China. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 7(6), 472–479. https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2016.06.007
   Google Scholar
• Ramanathan, V. (1988). The greenhouse theory of climate change: A test by an inadvertent global experiment. Science, 240(4850), 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.240.4850.293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rico, A., Martínez-Blanco, J., Montlleó, M., Rodríguez, G., Tavares, N., Arias, A., & Oliver-Solà, J. (2019). Carbon footprint of tourism in Barcelona. Tourism Management, 70, 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigue, J. P. (2020). The geography of transport systems. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, N., Cranage, D., & Lee, S. (2014). Green strategies for hotels: Estimation of recycling benefits. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 43, 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffen, W., Rockström, J., Richardson, K., Lenton, T. M., Folke, C., Liverman, D., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2018). Trajectories of the earth system in the Anthropocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(33), 8252–8259. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810141115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y. Y. (2014). A framework to account for the tourism carbon footprint at island destinations. Tourism Management, 45, 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.03.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y. Y. (2016). Decomposition of tourism greenhouse gas emissions: Revealing the dynamics between tourism economic growth, technological efficiency, and carbon emissions. Tourism Management, 55, 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y. Y., Gossling, S., & Zhou, W. (2022). Does tourism increase or decrease carbon emissions? A systematic review. Annals of Tourism Research, 97, 103502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sustainable Travel International. (2022). Carbon footprint of tourism. https://sustainabletravel.org/issues/carbon-footprint-tourism/
   Google Scholar
• Tian, X. L., Bélaïd, F., & Ahmad, N. (2021). Exploring the nexus between tourism development and environmental quality: Role of renewable energy consumption and income. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 56, 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2020.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tisdell, C. (1987). Tourism, the environment and profit. Economic Analysis and Policy, 17(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(87)50009-1
   Google Scholar
• Turton, S., Dickson, T., Hadwen, W., Jorgensen, B., Pham, T., Simmons, D., & Wilson, R. (2010). Developing an approach for tourism climate change assessment: Evidence from four contrasting Australian case studies. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 429–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669581003639814
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyndall, J. (1860). VII. Note on the transmission of radiant heat through gaseous bodies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 10, 37–39. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1859.0017
   Google Scholar
• Tyndall, J. (1861). XXIII. On the absorption and radiation of heat by gases and vapours, and on the physical connexion of radiation, absorption, and conduction.—the bakerian lecture. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 22(146), 169–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786446108643138
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2023). What is climate change? https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2023). Transportation, air pollution, and climate change. https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/carbon-pollution-transportation
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Stewart, M. G., & Nguyen, M. (2012). Impact of climate change on corrosion and damage to concrete infrastructure in Australia. Climatic Change, 110(3–4), 941–957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0124-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, L., & Messias, D. K. H. (2012). Mississippi front-line recovery work after hurricane Katrina: An analysis of the intersections of gender, race, and class in advocacy, power relations, and health. Social Science & Medicine, 74(11), 1833–1841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winn, K. O., Saynor, M. J., Eliot, M. J., & Elio, I. (2006). Saltwater intrusion and morphological change at the mouth of the East Alligator River, Northern Territory. Journal of Coastal Research, 22(1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.2112/05A-0011.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Economic Forum. (2022). Travel & tourism development Index 2021: Rebuilding for a sustainable and resilient future. https://www.weforum.org/publications/travel-and-tourism-development-index-2021/in-full/about-the-travel-tourism-development-index
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization. (2019). Tourism’s carbon emissions measured in landmark report launched at COP25. https://www.unwto.org/news/tourisms-carbon-emissions-measured-in-landmark-report-launched-at-cop25
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization. (2020). 2020: A year in review. https://www.unwto.org/covid-19-and-tourism-2020
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization & International Transport Forum. (2019). Transport-Related CO2 emissions of the tourism sector-modelling Results. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416660
   Google Scholar
• World Travel & Tourism Council. (2020). Global economic impact & trends 2020. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2020/Global%20Economic%20Impact%20Trends%202020.pdf?ver=2021-02-25-183118-360
   Google Scholar
• World Travel & Tourism Council. (2021). A net zero roadmap for travel & tourism: Proposing a new target framework for the travel & tourism sector. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2021/WTTC_Net_Zero_Roadmap.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Zaman, K., Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., & Raza, S. A. (2016). Tourism development, energy consumption and environmental kuznets curve: Trivariate analysis in the panel of developed and developing countries. Tourism Management, 54, 275–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, fJ., & Li, S. M. (2018). The impact of tourism development on the environment in China. Acta Scientifica Malaysia, 2(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2018.01.04
   Google Scholar