My Own Best Friend: Homeless Youths’ Hesitance to Seek Help and Strategies for Coping Independently after Distressing and Traumatic Experiences

References

• 42 USC § 11434a [2][B]. Title 42 – The public health and welfare chapter 72 – Juvenile justice and delinquency prevention subchapter III – Runaway and homeless youth Part F – General Provisions Sec. 5732 – Evaluation and information.
   Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Cary, NC: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bao, W. N., Whitbeck, L. B., & Hoyt, D. R. (2000). Abuse, support, and depression among homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 4, 408–420.
   Google Scholar
• Bender, K., Begun, S., DePrince, A., Haffejee, B., & Kaufmann, S. (2014). Utilizing technology for longitudinal communication with homeless youth. Social Work in Health Care, 53(9), 865–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender, K., Brown, S., Thompson, S. J., Ferguson, K. M., & Langenderfer, L. (2015). Multiple victimizations before and after leaving home associated with PTSD, depression and substance use disorder among homeless youth. Child Maltreatment, 20, 115–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender, K., Ferguson, K., Thompson, S., & Langenderfer, L. (2014). Mental health correlates of victimization classes among homeless youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(10), 1628–1635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender, K., Schau, N., Begun, S., Haffejee, B., Barman-Adhikari, A., & Hathaway, J. (2015). Electronic case management with homeless youth. Evaluation and Program Planning, 50, 36–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender, K., Thompson, S. J., Ferguson, K. M., Yoder, J., & Kern, L. (2014). Trauma among street-involved young adults. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 22, 53–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, R. A., Milburn, N. G., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., & Witkin, A. (2004). The system-of-care for homeless youth: Perceptions of service providers. Evaluation and Program Planning, 27, 443–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, S. M., Begun, S., Bender, K., Ferguson, K. M., & Thompson, S. J. (2015). An exploratory factor analysis of coping styles and relationship to depression among a sample of homeless youth. Community Mental Health Journal, 51(7), 818–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, P., & Barker, C. (2009). Psychological help-seeking in homeless adolescents. International Journal of Social, Psychiatry, 55(4), 372–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabtree, B. F., & Miller, W. L. (Eds.). (1999). Doing qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Curry, S. L., & Russ, S. W. (1985). Identifying coping strategies in children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 14, 61–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Rosa, C. J., Montgomery, S. B., Hyde, J., Iverson, E., & Kipke, M. D. (2001). HIV risk behavior and HIV testing: A comparison of rates and associated factors among homeless and runaway adolescents in two cities. AIDS Education & Prevention, 13, 131–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Rosa, C. J., Montgomery, S. B., Kipke, M. D., Iverson, E., Ma, J. L., & Unger, J. B. (1999). Service utilization among homeless and runaway youth in Los Angeles, California: Rates and reasons. Journal of Adolescent Health, 24(6), 449–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, M., & Hadjialexiou, M. (2005). Photovoice: Promising practice in engaging young people who are homeless. Youth Studies Australia, 24, 52–56.
   Google Scholar
• Ensign, J., & Panke, A. (2002). Barriers and bridges to care: Voices of homeless female adolescent youth in Seattle, Washington, USA. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 37, 166–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ensign, J., & Santelli, J. (1998). Health status and service use: Comparison of adolescents at a school-based health clinic with homeless adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics & Archives of Sexual Behavior, 152(1), 20–24. Retrieved from http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=189078
   Google Scholar
• Eyrich-Garg, K. M. (2011). Sheltered in cyberspace? Computer use among the unsheltered ‘street’ homeless. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 296–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett, S. B., Higa, D. H., Phares, M. M., Peterson, P. L., Wells, E. A., & Baer, J. S. (2008). Homeless youths’ perceptions of services and transitions to stable housing. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31(4), 436–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heerde, J. A., Scholes-Balog, K., & Hemphill, S. (2015). Associations between youth homelessness, sexual offenses, sexual victimization, and sexual risk behaviors: A systematic literature review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 181–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyt, D. R., Ryan, K. D., & Cauce, A. M. (1999). Personal victimization in a high-risk environment: Homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36(4), 371–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson, A. L., Nyamathi, A., Greengold, B., Slagle, A., Koniak-Griffin, D., Khalilifard, F., & Getzoff, D. (2010). Health-seeking challenges among homeless youth. Nursing Research, 59(3), 212–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, K. D., Whitbeck, L. B., & Hoyt, D. R. (2005). Predictors of social network composition among homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 28(2), 231–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazi, M. (2003). Realist evaluation for practice. British Journal of Social Work, 33(6), 803–818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd, S. A., & Carroll, M. R. (2007). Coping and suicidality among homeless youth. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 283–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd, S. A., Miner, S., Walker, D., & Davidson, L. (2007). Stories of working with homeless youth: On being “mind-boggling”. Children and Youth Services Review, 29(1), 16–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, N. (1998). Template analysis. In G. Symon & C. Cassell (Eds.), Qualitative methods and analysis in organizational research: A practical guide (pp. 118–134). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Kipke, M. D., Simon, T. R., Montgomery, S. B., Unger, J. B., & Iversen, E. F. (1997). Homeless youth and their exposure to and involvement in violence while living on the streets. Journal of Adolescent Health, 20(5), 360–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, J. D., Woods, A. H., Wilson, K. M., Prospero, M., Greene, J., & Ringwalt, C. (2000). Homeless and runaway youths’ access to health care. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(5), 331–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsey, E. W., Kurtz, P. D., Jarvis, S., Williams, N. P., & Nackerud, L. (2000). How runaway and homeless youth navigate troubled waters: Personal strengths and resources. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 17, 115–140.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Molino, A., McBride, C., & Kekwaletswe, T. (2007). Characteristics of help-seeking street youth and non-street youth. Chicago, IL: National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Retrieved from http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/homelessness/symposium07/molino/
   Google Scholar
• Padgett, D. K. (2008). Qualitative methods in social work research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Park, S., Kim, H. S., Kim, H., & Sung, K. T. (2007). Exploration of the prevalence and correlates of substance use among sheltered adolescents in South Korea. Adolescence, 42(167), 603–616.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rattelade, S., Farrell, S., Aubry, T., & Klodawsky, F. (2014). The relationship between victimization and mental health functioning in homeless youth and adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(9), 1606–1622.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, E., & Barman‐Adhikari, A. (2014). Internet and social media use as a resource among homeless youth. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 19(2), 232–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringwalt, C. L., Greene, J. M., Robertson, M., & McPheeters, M. (1998). The prevalence of homelessness among adolescents in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 88(9), 1325–1329. doi:10.2105/AJPH.88.9.1325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, A. J., Steiman, M., Cauce, A. M., Cochran, B. N., Whitbeck, L. B., & Hoyt, D. R. (2004). Victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder among homeless adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(3), 325–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. J., Ferguson, K. M., Bender, K., Begun, S., & Kim, Y. (2015). Homeless emerging adults: A developmental perspective. In J. J. Arnett (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of emerging adulthood (pp. 578–600). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. J., Maguin, E., & Pollio, D. E. (2003). National and regional differences among runaway youth using federally-funded crisis services. Journal of Social Service Research, 30(1), 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, S. J., McManus, H., Lantry, J., Windsor, L., & Flynn, P. (2006). Insights from the street: Perceptions of services and providers by homeless young adults. Evaluation and Program Planning, 29(1), 34–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K., & Beal, M. R. (2010). The high-risk environment of homeless young adults: Consequences for physical and sexual victimization. Violence and Victims, 25(1), 101–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A. (2008). Social network characteristics and risky sexual and drug related behaviors among homeless young adults. Social Science Rresearch, 37(2), 673–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, K. A., Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., & Johnson, K. D. (2003). Self-mutilation and homeless youth: The role of family abuse, street experiences, and mental disorders. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13(4), 457–474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unger, J. B., Kipke, M. D., Simon, T. R., Johnson, C. J., Montgomery, S. B., & Iverson, E. (1998). Stress, coping, and social support among homeless youth. Journal of Adolescent Research, 13(2), 134–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Votta, E., & Manion, I. G. (2003). Factors in the psychological adjustment of homeless adolescent males: The role of coping style. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(7), 778–785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitbeck, L. B. (2009). Mental health and emerging adulthood among homeless young people. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., & Ackley, K. A. (1997). Abusive family backgrounds and later victimization among runaway and homeless adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 7(4), 375–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitbeck, L. B., Hoyt, D. R., Johnson, K. D., & Chen, X. (2007). Victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder among runaway and homeless adolescents. Violence and Victims, 22(6), 721–734.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar