70
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Factors Associated with the Uptake of HIV Testing in Canada: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Study

, , , &

References

  • Andersen, R. M. (1968). A behavioral model of families’ use of health services. University of Chicago.
  • Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: Does it Matter? Published by: American Sociological Association Stable. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 1–10. doi:10.2307/2137284
  • Antabe, R., Kansanga, M., Sano, Y., Kyeremeh, E., & Galaa, Y. (2020). Utilization of breast cancer screening in Kenya: What are the determinants? BMC Health Services Research, 2(1), 1–9. doi:10.1186/s12913-020-5073-2
  • Antabe, R., Konkor, I., Mcintosh, M., Lawson, E., Husbands, W. … Luginaah, I. (2021). “I went in there, had a bit of an issue with those folks”: Everyday challenges of heterosexual African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) men in accessing HIV/AIDS services in London, Ontario. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–14. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10321-x
  • Antabe, R., Robinson, K., Husbands, W., Miller, D., Harriot, A. … James, C. (2022). “You have to make it cool”: How heterosexual Black men in Toronto, Canada, conceptualize policy and programs to address HIV and promote health. PLOS ONE, 2, 1–16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278600
  • Antabe, R., Sano, Y., Anfaara, F. W., Luginaah, I., & Antabe, R. (2020). Reducing HIV misconceptions among females and males in Malawi: Are we making progress. AIDS Care, 33(3), 1–5. doi:10.1080/09540121.2020.1728214
  • Antabe, R., Sano, Y., Atuoye, K. N., & Baada, J. N. (2022). Determinants of HIV-related stigma and discrimination in Malawi: Evidence from the demographic and health survey. African Geographical Review, 42(5), 1–13. doi:10.1080/19376812.2022.2086591
  • Antabe, R., Sano, Y., & Luginaah, I. (2020). HIV misconceptions among married women in Malawi: The role of household decision-making autonomy. Journal of Public Health (Germany), 0(0), 1–8.
  • Azfredrick, E. C. (2016). Using Anderson’s model of health service utilization to examine use of services by adolescent girls in south-eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 21(4), 523–529. doi:10.1080/02673843.2015.1124790
  • Balaji, A. B., Eaton, D. K., Voetsch, A. C., Wiegand, R. E., Miller, K. S., & Doshi, S. R. (2012). Association between HIV-related risk behaviors and HIV testing among high school students in the United States, 2009. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 166(4), 331–336. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.1131
  • Becker, M. L., Thompson, L. H., Pindera, C., Bridger, N., Lopez, C. … Kasper, K. (2013). Feasibility and success of HIV point-of-care testing in an emergency department in an urban Canadian setting. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 24(1), 27–31. doi:10.1155/2013/164797
  • Bisaillon, L., & Ells, C. (2014). When doctoring is not about doctoring: An ethical analysis of practices associated with Canadian immigration HIV testing. Public Health Ethics, 7(3), 287–297. doi:10.1093/phe/phu036
  • Clarke, J. (2016). Difficulty accessing health care services in Canada. Health at a Glance (Issue 82), 1–11.
  • Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness. (2021). The epidemiology of HIV in Canada - Factsheet.
  • Coleman, T. A., Phillips, N. E., Rizkalla, C., Tran, B., Coulombe, S. … Woodford, M. (2022). Exploring community enabling factors associated with recent HIV testing in a regional sample of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. AIDS Care, 35(7), 1–11. doi:10.1080/09540121.2022.2074959
  • Curtis, L. J., & MacMinn, W. J. (2008). Health care utilization in Canada: Twenty-five years of evidence. Canadian Public Policy, 34(1), 65–87. doi:10.3138/cpp.34.1.065
  • de Walque, D. (2014). Does education affect HIV Status? Evidence from five African Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 23(2), 209–233. doi:10.1093/wber/lhp005
  • Djiadeu, P., Nguemo, J., Mukandoli, C., Odhiambo, A. J., Lightfoot, D., Mbuagbaw, L., & Nelson, L. E. (2019). Barriers to HIV care among Francophone African, Caribbean and Black immigrant people living with HIV in Canada: A protocol for a scoping systematic review. BMJ Open, 9(1), 1–5. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027440
  • Doshi, R. K., Malebranche, D., Bowleg, L., & Sangaramoorthy, T. (2013). Health care and HIV Testing experiences among black men in the south: Implications for “seek, test, treat, and retain” HIV Prevention Strategies. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 27(2), 123–133. doi:10.1089/apc.2012.0269
  • Dube, A., Harris, G., Gahagan, J., & Doucet, S. (2017). Bridging the silos in HIV and Hepatitis C prevention: A cross-provincial qualitative study. International Journal of Public Health, 62(7), 739–746. doi:10.1007/s00038-016-0914-9
  • Edge, S., & Newbold, B. (2013). Discrimination and the health of immigrants and refugees: Exploring Canada’s evidence base and directions for future research in newcomer receiving countries. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 15(1), 141–148. doi:10.1007/s10903-012-9640-4
  • Fonner, V. A., Mbwambo, J. K., Kennedy, C. E., & Sweat, M. D. (2019). The gendered experience of HIV testing: Factors associated with prior testing differ among men and women in rural Tanzania. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 30(9), 843–852. doi:10.1177/0956462419840460
  • Frohlich, K. L., Ross, N., & Richmond, C. (2006). Health disparities in Canada today: Some evidence and a theoretical framework. Health Policy, 79(2–3), 132–143. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.12.010
  • Funk, A. N., Inungu, J. N., Leveille, E. R., & Minelli, M. (2018). Factors Associated with HIV-Testing among African Americans: Analysis of the 2016 National Health Interview Survey. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 2(1), 1–7. doi:10.20897/ejeph/82621
  • Gilliland, J., Clark, A. F., Sibbald, S., & Seabrook, J. A. (2016). Understanding health inequities and access to primary care in the South West LHIN (Issue January).
  • Grignon, M., Hurley, J., & Wang, L. (2014). Income-related inequity in health and Health care utilization in Canada (Issue July).
  • Haddad, N., Robert, A., Weeks, A., Popovic, N., Siu, W., & Archibald, C. (2019). HIV in Canada—surveillance report, 2018. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 45(12), 304–312. doi:10.14745/ccdr.v45i12a01
  • Haddad, N., Weeks, A., Robert, A., & Totten, S. (2021). HIV in Canada—surveillance report, 2019. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 47(1), 77–86. doi:10.14745/ccdr.v47i01a11
  • Halwani, S. (2004). Racial inequality in access to health care services. A paper for the Ontario Human Rights Commission.
  • Hart, T. A., Moore, D. M., Noor, S. W., Lachowsky, N., Grace, D. … Lambert, G. (2021). Prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections, and related preventive and risk behaviours, among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver: Results from the Engage Study. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 112(6), 1020–1029. doi:10.17269/s41997-021-00546-z
  • Jin, F. Y., Prestage, G., Law, M. G., Kippax, S., van de ven, P. … Grulich, A. E. (2002). Predictors of recent HIV testing in homosexual men in Australia. HIV Medicine, 3(4), 271–276. doi:10.1046/j.1468-1293.2002.00121.x
  • Jooste, S., Mabaso, M., Taylor, M., North, A., Shean, Y., & Simbayi, L. C. (2021). Socio-economic differences in the uptake of HIV testing and associated factors in South Africa. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–10. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11583-1
  • Konkor, I., Lawson, E. S., Antabe, R., Mcintosh, M. D., Husbands, W., Wong, J., & Luginaah, I. (2020). An intersectional approach to HIV vulnerabilities and testing among heterosexual African Caribbean and black men in London, Ontario: Results from the weSpeak study. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 7(6), 1140–1149. doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00737-3
  • Kyeremeh, E., Sano, Y., Antabe, R., Kwon, E., Osei, B., & Annor, H. (2020). Exploring the intersection between immigration and gender in the context of troubled sleep: Some Evidence from Canada. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 0123456789(2), 257–264. doi:10.1007/s10903-020-00975-x
  • Laprise, C., & Bolster-Foucault, C. (2021). Understanding barriers and facilitators to HIV testing in Canada from 2009–2019: A systematic mixed studies review. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 47(2), 105–125. doi:10.14745/ccdr.v47i02a03
  • Lima, V. D., St-Jean, M., Rozada, I., Shoveller, J. A., Nosyk, B. … Montaner, J. S. G. (2017). Progress towards the United Nations 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 targets: The experience in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 20(3), 1–9. doi:10.1002/jia2.25011
  • Lin, B., Liu, J., Ma, Y., & Zhong, X. (2022). Factors influencing HIV testing and counselling services among men who have sex with men in Western China: A cross-sectional study based on Andersen’s behavioral model. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 27(0), 21–21. doi:10.1265/ehpm.22-00066
  • Luginaah, N. A., Konkor, I., Lawson, E. S., Mkandawire, P., Husbands, W. … Wong, J. (2022). Concurrent sexual partnerships and HIV testing among heterosexual Black men in Ontario, Canada: Findings from the weSpeak study. Ethnicity & Health, 27(8), 1825–1840. doi:10.1080/13557858.2021.1976395
  • Manitoba HIV Program. (2021). Manitoba HIV program-HIV prevention guidelines. www.streetconnections.ca/service_map.php
  • Menard, S. (2002). Applied logistic regression analysis (Vol. 106). Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Sage.
  • Moore, M., & Belgrave, F. (2019). Gender differences in predictors of HIV testing among African American young adults. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 6(1), 189–196. doi:10.1007/s40615-018-0513-y
  • Murray, C. L., Walsh, G. W., & Connor Gorber, S. (2013). Using correction equations based on measured height and weight weakens associations between obesity based on self-reports and chronic diseases. Epidemiology Research International, 2013, 1–7. doi:10.1155/2013/890762
  • Nangendo, J., Katahoire, A. R., Armstrong-Hough, M., Kabami, J., Obeng-Amoako, G. O. … Kalyango, J. N. (2020). Prevalence, associated factors and perspectives of HIV testing among men in Uganda. PLOS ONE, 15(8 August), 1–20. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237402
  • Nguyen, T. Q., Ford, C. A., Kaufman, J. S., & Leone, P. A. (2006). HIV testing among young adults in the United States: Associations with financial resources and geography. American Journal of Public Health, 96(6), 1031–1035. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.063248
  • OHTN. (2020). Free HIV self-testing: Best practices, positivity rates, and associated costs (Issue August).
  • OHTN. (2022). Best practices to increase the uptake of (Issue April).
  • Ojikutu, B., Nnaji, C., Sithole-Berk, J., Bogart, L. M., & Gona, P. (2014). Barriers to HIV testing in black immigrants to the U.S. Bisola. Journal of Healthcare for the Poor and Underserved, 25(3), 1052–1066. doi:10.1353/hpu.2014.0141
  • Olakunde, B. O., Pharr, J. R., & Adeyinka, D. A. (2020). HIV testing among pregnant women with prenatal care in the United States: An analysis of the 2011–2017 national survey of family growth. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 31(7), 680–688. doi:10.1177/0956462420921715
  • Onyeabor, O. S., Iriemenam, N., Adekeye, O. A., & Rachel, S. A. (2013). The effect of educational attainment on HIV testing among African Americans. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 24(3), 1247–1256. doi:10.1353/hpu.2013.0113
  • Pai, N. P., & Thomas, R. (2020). Time for HIV self-testing in Canada: A vision and an action plan. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192(44), E1367–E1368. doi:10.1503/cmaj.201160
  • Plitt, S. S., Smith, T. R., Berry, W., Osman, M., Senthilselvan, A., & Charlton, C. L. (2020). Examination of a Canadian provincial prenatal HIV screening program: 2010 to 2014. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 111(4), 555–561. doi:10.17269/s41997-019-00281-6
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2013). Human immunodeficiency virus–HIV screening and testing guide. Public Health Agency of Canada Ottawa, ON.
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2014). HIV and AIDS in Canada: Surveillance Report to December 31, 2013. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/aids-sida/publication/survreport/2013/dec/assets/pdf/hiv-aids-surveillence-eng.pdf
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2020a). Social determinants and inequities in health for black Canadians: A Snapshot. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/population-health/what-determines-health/social-determinants-inequities-black-canadians-snapshot.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2020b). Summary: Estimates of HIV incidence, prevalence and Canada’s progress on meeting the 90-90-90 HIV targets, 2016. HIV surveillance supplemental report. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/services/publications/diseases-conditions/summary-estimates-hiv-incidence-prevalence-canadas-progress-90-90-90/pub-eng.pdf
  • Public Health Agency of Canada and Pan-Canadian Public Health Network. (2018). Key health inequalities in Canada: A national portrait. Public health agency of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/science-research-data/key-health-inequalities-canada-national-portrait-executive-summary.html
  • Remis, R. S., Merid, M. F., Palmer, R. W. H., Whittingham, E., King, S. M. … Graham, S. M. (2012). High uptake of HIV testing in pregnant women in Ontario, Canada. PLOS ONE, 7(11), e48077. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048077
  • Rountree, M. A., Chen, L., Brown, A., & Pomeroy, E. C. (2009). HIV Testing Rates and Testing Locations, by Race and Ethnicity. Health and Social Work, 34(4), 247–255. doi:10.1093/hsw/34.4.247
  • Sano, Y., Antabe, R., Kyeremeh, E., Kwon, E., & Amoyaw, J. (2019). Immigration as a social determinant of troubled sleep in Canada: Some Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health. Sleep Health, 5(2), 135–140. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.11.008
  • Seidu, A. A. (2020). Using Anderson’s model of health service utilization to assess the use of HIV testing services by sexually active men in Ghana. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(September), 1–10. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00512
  • Shankar, J., Ip, E., Khalema, E., Couture, J., Tan, S., Zulla, R. T., & Lam, G. (2013). Education as a social determinant of health: Issues facing indigenous and visible minority students in postsecondary education in Western Canada. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(9), 3908–3929. doi:10.3390/ijerph10093908
  • Singh Setia, M., Quesnel-Vallee, A., Curtis, S., & Lynch, J. (2009). Assessing the role of individual and neighbourhood characteristics in HIV testing: Evidence from a population based survey. The Open AIDS Journal, 3(1), 46–54. doi:10.2174/1874613600903010046
  • Snow, R. C., Madalane, M., & Poulsen, M. (2010). Are men testing? Sex differentials in HIV testing in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 22(9), 1060–1065. doi:10.1080/09540120903193641
  • Statistics Canada. (2019). Health Fact Sheets - Primary health care providers, 2019. Statistics Canada: Vol. Catalogue (Issue 82). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/82-625-x/2019001/article/00001-eng.pdf?st=h7UdG51j
  • Statistics Canada. (2021). Survey on access to health care and pharmaceuticals during the pandemic, March 2020 to May 2021. Statistics Canada (Issue March 2020). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/211123/dq211123b-eng.htm
  • UNAIDS. (2014). 90-90-90 An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. United Nations.
  • Yi, S., Tuot, S., Chhoun, P., Pal, K., Chhim, K. … Page, K. A. (2018). Sexual behaviors, HIV knowledge, HIV testing attitudes and recent HIV testing among female entertainment workers in Cambodia: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 13(7), 1–12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198095

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.