References
- Abarbanel , A. and Haley , A. 1956 . A new audience for radio . Harper's , 212 ( 1269 ) February : 57 – 59 .
- 1954 . Away from the blues. . Newsweek , 43 January 18 : 51
- Berkman , D. 1966 . The segregated medium. . Columbia Journalism Review , Fall : 29 – 32 .
- 1972 . Black backlash. . Broadcasting , February 7 : 13
- 1986 . Black music formats found good as gold in pulling audiences. . Television/Radio Age , 33 February 17 : A10 – A20 .
- 1970 . Black radio: The big, rich sound at the end of the dial. . Black Enterprise , November : 31
- 1970 . Black radio: On a high wire with no net. . Broadcasting , August 31 : 44 – 50 .
- 1972 . Black radio chain is planned to go on the air in three months. . The Chicago Tribune , Monday, March 20 : 1 Section 1A
- 1991 . Black radio merger. . Advertising Age , November 18 : 28
- 1972 . Black radio network set to start within three months. . The New York Times , March 19 : 65
- Denley , S. G. and Boone , A. C. 1977 . Mississippi study finds media hiring more blacks. . Journalism Quarterly , 54 : 375 – 379 .
- Dominick , J. R. , Sherman , B. L. and Copeland , G. A. 1993 . Broadcasting/cable and beyond, , (2nd ed.) , New York : McGraw‐Hill, Inc. .
- Douglas , H. G. 1987 . The early days of radio broadcasting. , Jefferson, NC : MacFarland & Company, Inc .
- Eastman , S. T. 1993 . Broadcast/cable programming , (4th ed.) , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
- Entman , R. M. 1992 . Blacks in the news:'Television, modern racism and cultural change. . Journalism Quarterly , 69 : 341 – 361 .
- 1990 . The expanding universe of radio networks. . Broadcasting , February 19 : 37 – 48 .
- Farrar , R. T. 1988 . Mass communication: An introduction to the field. , Saint Paul, MN : West Publishing Co. .
- Federal Communications Commission . 1941 . Report on chain broadcasting. , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
- Federal Communications Commission . 1968 . Petition for rule making to request licensees to show nondiscrimination in their employment practices. 13 FCC 2nd 766
- Federal Communications Commission . 1970 . Nondiscrimination employment practices of broadcast licensees 23 FCC 2d 430
- Federal Communications Commission . April 26 1972 . Memorandum opinion and order: Request by Mutual Broadcasting System, Inc. for permission to operate three radio networks. , April 26 , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
- Federal Communications Commission . 1978 . Statement of policy on minority ownership of broadcasting facilities. , 78 – 322 . FCC .
- Ferretti , F. 1970 . The white captivity of black radio. . Columbia Journalism Review , Summer : 35 – 39 .
- Fife , M. D. 1987 . Promoting racial diversity in U.S. broadcasting: Federal policies versus social realities. . Media, Culture and Society , 9 : 481 – 504 .
- Forkan , J. P. 1970 . Black ownership of radio grows‐slowly. . Advertising Age , February 9 : 10
- 1972 . Growth market in black radio. . Broadcasting , January 24 : 20
- Gupta , U. 1982 . Integrating the airwaves. . Black Enterprise , June : 125 – 126 .
- Hatcher , R. G. 1973 . Mass media and the black community. . Black Scholar , 5 September : 2 – 10 .
- Head , S. W. and Sterling , C. H. 1990 . Broadcasting in America: A survey of electronic media , (5th ed.) , Boston : Houghton Mifflin .
- 1982 . Inner buy. . Broadcasting , February 1 : 74
- Jeter , J. P. 1991 . Black broadcast station owners: A profile. . Feedback , Summer : 14 – 15 .
- Johnson , F. W. 1975 . A historical‐descriptive investigation of the Mutual Black Network. , Ohio : Bowling Green State University . Unpublished master's thesis.
- Kerner , O. 1968 . Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. , New York : Bantam Books .
- Kleiman , H. 1991 . Content diversity and the FCC's minority and gender licensing policies. . Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , 35 : 411 – 429 .
- Lichty , L. W. and Topping , M. C. 1976 . American broadcasting: A source book on the history of radio and television. , New York : Hastings House .
- Lopes , J. September 25 1993 . “ President, American Urban Radio Networks. ” . September 25 , Personal interview
- Ludwig , P. 1989 . Black net look to broaden programming scope. . Billboard , February 4 : 15
- MacDonald , J. F. 1979 . Don't touch that dial: Radio programming in American life, 1920–1960. , Chicago : Nelson‐Hall .
- Meeske , M. D. 1976 . Black ownership of broadcast stations: An FCC licensing problem. . Journal of Broadcasting , 20 : 261 – 271 .
- 1972 . Mutual accuses ABC of radio monopoly. . Broadcasting , January 31 : 30
- Mutual Broadcasting System . February 15 1972 . Proposal of Mutual Broadcasting System, Inc. to establish two new network services. , February 15 , Washington, D.C. : Mutual Broadcasting . 1972 Unpublished mimeograph letter to the Federal Communications Commission.
- 1973 . NBN, in delayed start, comes on strong with 41 affiliates. . Broadcasting , July 9 : 36
- 1973 . NBN tries again. . Broadcasting , May 14 : 47
- 1989 . Networks riding a bull market. . Broadcasting , July 3 : 19
- 1953 . New net. . Time , December 28 : 29
- 1972 . New network augments staff. . Broadcasting , May 8 : 60
- 1970 . Pauley, Woroner plan black network. . Broadcasting , June 29 : 57
- 1991 . Radio syndicators: 1991 menu. . Broadcasting , June 24 : 34 – 44 .
- Scott , M. S. 1993 . Can black radio survive an industry shakeout? . Black Enterprise , June : 254 – 260 .
- Settle , I. 1971 . A pictorial history of radio. , New York : Crossett & Dunlap .
- 1976 . Sheridan buys into black network. . The New York Times , March 22 : 50
- Sheridan . 1991 . NBN to combine radio companies. . Broadcasting , November 4 : 50
- Singleton , L. A. 1981 . FCC minority ownership policy and non‐entertainment‐programming in black‐oriented radio stations. . Journal of Broadcasting , 25 Spring : 195 – 201 .
- Soley , L. and Hough , C. 1978 . Black ownership of commercial radio stations: Economic evaluation. . Journal of Broadcasting , 22 Fall : 455 – 467 .
- Stone , V. A. 1988 . Trends in the status of minority and women in broadcast news. . Journalism Quarterly , 65 Summer : 288 – 293 .
- Surlin , S. H. 1973 . Black oriented radio's service to the community. . Journalism Quarterly , 50 Autumn : 556 – 560 .
- Trayers , E. J. 1969 . The Negro in journalism: Surveys show low ratios. . Journalism Quarterly , 46 : 5 – 8 .
- United States Commission on Civil Rights . 1977 . Window dressing on the set: Women and minorities in television. , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
- 1989 . United Stations and Stargroup to merge. . Broadcasting , August 21 : 31
- 1972 . Unity loan exaggerated. . Broadcasting , May 1 : 38
- 1986 . Variety of formats directed by stations to black audiences. . Television/Radio Age , February 17 : A10 – A18 .
- Viles , Peter . 1992 . ABC radio moves some functions to Dallas. . Broadcasting , September 21 : 42
- Warren , R. E. 1992 . New black radio network. . Black Enterprise , March : 13
- Westwood . 1991 . Sheridan post gains in RADAR 43. . Broadcasting , August 19 : 24
- Worth, G. (1975 March 28). Executive vice president, Mutual Broadcasting System. Personal interview. Washington, D.C.