MDGs to SDGs – new goals, same gaps: the continued absence of urban food security in the post-2015 global development agenda

References

• Action Against Hunger. (2015). Joint statement on the need for an indicator on childhood wasting in the Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from http://www.actionagainsthunger.org.uk/publication/joint-statement-need-indicator-childhood-wasting-sustainable-development-goals
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal, B. (2014). Food sovereignty, food security and democratic choice: critical contradictions, difficult conciliations. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 41, 1247–1268.10.1080/03066150.2013.876996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed, A. U., Hill, R. V., Smith, L. C., Wiesman, D. M., & Frankenberger, T. (2007, October). The world’s most deprived: Characteristics and causes of extreme poverty and hunger. A 2020 Discussion Paper 43, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, S., Simiyu, E., Githiri, G., Acioly, A., Mbaka, S., Karanja, I., & Kigen, L. (2014, March). Dining with less danger: Mapping food and environmental hazards in Mathare, Nairobi, IIED Policy Brief. London: IIED. Retrieved from http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/17218IIED.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Attaran, A. (2005). An immeasurable crisis? A criticism of the Millennium Development Goals and why they can’t be measured. PLoS Medicine, 2, 0955–0961.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battersby, J. (2011). Urban food insecurity in Cape Town, South Africa: An alternative approach to food access. Development Southern Africa, 28, 545–561.10.1080/0376835X.2011.605572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burchi, F., & Holzapfel, S. (2015). Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. In M. Loewe & N. Rippin (Eds.), The Sustainable Development Goals of the Post-2015 agenda: Comments on the OWG and SDSN proposals, revised version, 26 February 2015 (pp. 17–20). Bonn: German Development Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Campaign for People’s Goals for Sustainable Development. (2014). 3rd Open Working Group challenged to adopt food sovereignty. 13 February 2014 ( submission to SDG formulation process). Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=9502&menu=1565&nr=1
   Google Scholar
• Cecchini, M., Sassi, F., Lauer, J. A., Lee, Y. Y., Guajardo-Barron, V., & Chisholm, D. (2010). Tackling of unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and obesity: health effects and cost-effectiveness. The Lancet, 376, 1775–1784.10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61514-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CFS (Committee on World Food Security). (2016). Draft: Urbanization and rural transformation implications for food security and nutrition. Background Paper to CFS 43 Forum Discussion. Retrieved March 14, 2016, from http://www.fao.org/fsnforum/sites/default/files/files/126_Urban_Rural_Transformation/UrbRurZeroDraft.pdf
   Google Scholar
• City of Cape Town. (2015, May 29). Mistra Urban Futures, Palmer Development Group and African Centre for Cities (2015). UN Sustainable Development Goals Target 11: Urban Indicators Pilot. City of Cape Town Pilot Report. Cape Town: City of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Crush, J. S., & Frayne, G. B. (2011). Urban food insecurity and the new international food security agenda. Development Southern Africa, 28, 527–544.10.1080/0376835X.2011.605571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, K., Kingsbury, B., Fisher A., & Merry S. (2012). Introduction: Governance by indicators. In K. Davis, B. Kingsbury, A. Fisher, & S. E. Merry (Eds.), Governance by indicators (pp. 3–28). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, A., & Steven, D. (2012). Beyond the Millennium Developmeng Goals: Agreeing to a post-2015 development framework. An MGO Working Paper, Washington, DC and New York: Brookings and CIC NYU.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2015a). Food security and the right to food, Post-2015 and the SDGs: Nourishing people, nourishing the planet. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/mdg/doc/foodsecurity-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2015b). Indicators for the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda Joint proposal of the Rome Based Agencies (RBAs) of indicators for GOAL 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Draft 25 February 2015. Retrieved from http://unstats.un.org/unsd/post-2015/activities/egm-on-indicator-framework/docs/Goal%202%20joint%20proposal_final_draft_CC.pdf
   Google Scholar
• FAO. (2015c). Regional overview of food insecurity: African food security prospects brighter than ever. Accra: Author. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4635e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• FAO/IFAD/WFP. (2005). Background note on roundtable 1: Dialogue on the eradication of poverty and hunger, ECOSOC 2005 High Level Segment, 29 June – 1 July 2005. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/meetings/2005/hl2005/rt1_bg.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Frayne, B., Pendleton, W., Crush, J., Acquah, B., Battersby-Lennard, J., Bras, E., … Leduka, C. (2010). The state of urban food insecurity in southern Africa. Kingston and Cape Town: Urban Food Security Series No. 2. Queen’s University and AFSUN.
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda-Parr, S., & Orr, A. (2014). The MDG hunger target and the competing frameworks of food security. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 15, 147–160.10.1080/19452829.2014.896323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Nutrition Report. (2015a). 2015 nutrition region review: Africa. Retrieved from http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/130126/filename/130337.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Global Nutrition Report. (2015b). 2015 nutrition sub-region review: Southern Africa. Retrieved from http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/130151/filename/130362.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gómez, M. I., Barrett, C. B., Raney, T., Pinstrup-Andersen, P., Meerman, J., Croppenstedt, A., … Thompson, B. (2013). Post-green revolution food systems and the triple burden of malnutrition. Food Policy, 42, 129–138.10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.06.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN Habitat. (2009). Planning for sustainable cities: Global report on human settlements 2009. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Haddad, L. (2013). How should nutrition be positioned in the post-2015 agenda? Food Policy, 43, 231–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickel, J. (2015, June 3). The UN is hiding the full extent of global hunger. Mail & Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.thoughtleader.co.za/jasonhickel/2015/07/30/the-un-is-hiding-the-true-extent-of-global-hunger/
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, K. (2013). The power of global goals: Reflections on the MDGs. Ottawa: North South Institute Policy Brief.
   Google Scholar
• Imamura, F., Micha, R., Khatibzadeh, S., Fahimi, S., Shi, P., Powles, J., … Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCode). (2015). Dietary quality among men and women in 187 countries in 1990 and 2010: A systematic review. Lancet Global Health, 3, e132–e142.10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70381-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharas, H., & Steven, D. (2012). The Sustainable Development Goals: “Curse of the sequel” or “Adopt, adapt, improve”? Brookings Institute Global Economy and Development Report. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2012/6/rio20/rio20_kharas_steven.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kharas, H., & Zhang, C. (2014). New agenda, new narrative: What happens after 2015? SAIS Review of International Affairs, 34, 24–35.
   Google Scholar
• Legwegoh, A. F., & Riley, L. (2014). Food, place, and culture in Urban Africa: Comparative consumption in Gaborone and Blantyre. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 9, 256–279.
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell, S. (1996). Food security: A post-modern perspective. Food Policy, 21, 155–170.10.1016/0306-9192(95)00074-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell, D. (1999). The political economy of urban food security in sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 27, 1939–1953.10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00101-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMichael, P., & Schneider, M. (2011). Food security politics and the Millennium Development Goals. Third World Quarterly, 32, 119–139.10.1080/01436597.2011.543818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta, D. (2000). Urbanization of poverty. Habitat Debate, 6(4), 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Nayyar, D. (2012). The MDGs after 2015: Some reflections on the possibilities. Background paper for UNDESA. New York, NY: UN.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., … Abraham, J. P. (2014). Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 384, 766–781.10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otero, G., Pechlaner, G., Liberman, G., & Gürcan, E. C. (2015, March). Food security and inequality: Measuring the risk of exposure to the neoliberal diet, Simons Papers in Security and Development, No. 42/2015, Vancouver: School for International Studies: Simon Fraser University.
   Google Scholar
• Pingali, P., Stamoulis, K., & Stringer, R. (2006, January). Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger: Towards a coherent policy agenda, ESA Working Paper No. 06-01, Rome: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• Pisano, U., Lange, L., Berger, G., & Hametner, M. (2015, January). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their impact on the European SD governance framework: Preparing for the post-2015 agenda. ESDN Quarterly Report No. 35, Vienna: European Sustainable Development Network.
   Google Scholar
• Ravallion, M. (2002). On the urbanization of poverty. Journal of Development Economics, 68, 435–442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha, C., & Lessa, I. (2009). Urban governance for food security: The alternative food system in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. International Planning Studies, 14, 389–400.10.1080/13563471003642787
   Google Scholar
• Satterthwaite, D. (2003). The Millennium Development Goals and urban poverty reduction: Great expectations and nonsense statistics. Environment and Urbanization, 15, 181–190.10.1630/095624703101286628
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satterthwaite, D. (2014). Guiding the goals: Empowering local actors. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 34, 51–61.10.1353/sais.2014.0025
   Google Scholar
• SDSN. (2015). Indicators and a monitoring framework for the Sustainable Development Goals: Launching a data revolution. A report to the Secretary-General of the United Nations by the Leadership Council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Retrieved June 12, 2015, from http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/150612-FINAL-SDSN-Indicator-Report1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Shisana, O., Labadarios, D., Rehle, T., Simbayi, L., Zuma, K., Dhansay, A., … SANHANES-1 Team. (2013). South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1). Cape Town: HSRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, D., Arfvidsson, H., Anand, G., Bazaz, A., Fenna, G., Foster, K., … Nyambuga, C. (2016). Developing and testing the Urban Sustainable Development Goal’s targets and indicators–a five-city study. Environment and Urbanization, 28, 49–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschirley, D. L., Snyder, J., Dolislager, M., Reardon, T., Haggblade, S., Goeb, J., … Meyer, F. (2015). Africa’s unfolding diet transformation: Implications for agrifood system employment. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 5, 102–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN ECOSOC. (2016). 2016 Partnership Forum. Breaking the Silos: Cross-sectoral partnerships for advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Dialogue One, ECOSOC Chamber, UN Headquaters, New York, NY. Retrieved March 31, 2016, from https://www.un.org/ecosoc/sites/www.un.org.ecosoc/files/files/en/2016doc/partnership-forum-issue-note1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• UN-DESA/DSD. (2014). SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. Retrieved December 1, 2014, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?page=view&nr=164&type=230&menu=2059
   Google Scholar
• UNDG. (undated). Silo fighters: Tales of delivering sustainable development together. A blog for the UNDG. http://www.silofighters.org/home/about-silofighters/
   Google Scholar
• UNDP. (2012). Africa Human Development Report 2012: Towards a food secure future. Author: New York, NY. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/dam/malawi/docs/general/Africa_HDR_EN_2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• UNDP. (undated). Sustainable Development Fund: About us. Retrieved from http://www.dev.sdgfund.org/about-us
   Google Scholar
• Vandemoortele, J. (2009). The MDG conundrum: Meeting the targets without missing the point. Development Policy Review, 27, 355–371.10.1111/j.1467-7679.2009.00451.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitz, N., Nilsson, M., & Davis, M. (2014). A nexus approach to the Post-2015 agenda: Formulating integrated water, energy, and food SDGs. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 34, 37–50.10.1353/sais.2014.0022
   Google Scholar
• WHO/FAO. (2002, January 28–February 1). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: Report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Wiggins, S., & Keats, S. (2015). The rising cost of a healthy diet: Changing relative prices of food in high-income and emerging economies, ODI Report May 2015, London: ODI.
   Google Scholar
• Yamin, A., & Falb, K. (2012). Counting what we know; knowing what to count; sexual and reproductive rights, maternal health and the Millennium Development Goals. Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 30, 350–371.
   Google Scholar