No irradiation required: The future of humanized immune system modeling in murine hosts

References

• McIntosh BE, Brown ME, Duffin BM, Maufort JP, Vereide DT, Slukvin II, Thomson JA. Nonirradiated NOD,B6.SCID Il2rγ−/− Kit(W41/W41) (NBSGW) mice support multilineage engraftment of human hematopoietic cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4(2):171-80; PMID:25601207; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosma GC, Custer RP, Bosma MJ. A severe combined immunodeficiency mutation in the mouse. Nature 1983; 301(5900):527-30; PMID:6823332; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/301527a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulop GM, Phillips RA. The scid mutation in mice causes a general defect in DNA repair. Nature 1990; 347(6292):479-82; PMID:2215662; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/347479a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCune JM, Namikawa R, Kaneshima H, Shultz LD, Lieberman M, Weissman IL. The SCID-hu mouse: murine model for the analysis of human hematolymphoid differentiation and function. Science 1988; 241(4873):1632-9; PMID:2971269; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2971269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosier DE, Gulizia RJ, Baird SM, Wilson DB. Transfer of a functional human immune system to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Nature 1988; 335(6187):256-9; PMID:2970594; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/335256a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shultz LD, Schweitzer PA, Christianson SW, Gott B, Schweitzer IB, Tennent B, McKenna S, Mobraaten L, Rajan TV, Greiner DL. Multiple defects in innate and adaptive immunologic function in NOD/LtSz-scid mice. J Immunol 1995; 154(1):180-91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Yates J, Appel MC, Perdrizet G, Hesselton RM, Schweitzer I, Beamer WG, Shultz KL, Pelsue SC. Improved engraftment of human spleen cells in NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mice as compared with C.B-17-scid/scid mice. A J Pathol 1995; 146(4):888-902; PMID:7717456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang P, Lagenaur CF, Narayanan V. Integrin-associated protein is a ligand for the P84 neural adhesion molecule. J Biol Chem 1999; 274(2):559-62; PMID:9872987; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.2.559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldenborg PA, Zheleznyak A, Fang YF, Lagenaur CF, Gresham HD, Lindberg FP. Role of CD47 as a marker of self on red blood cells. Science 2000; 288(5473):2051-4; PMID:10856220; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5473.2051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao X, Shores EW, Hu-Li J, Anver MR, Kelsall BL, Russell SM, Drago J, Noguchi M, Grinberg A, Bloom ET. Defective lymphoid development in mice lacking expression of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain. Immunity 1995; 2(3):223-38; PMID:7697543; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1074-7613(95)90047-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohbo K, Suda T, Hashiyama M, Mantani A, Ikebe M, Miyakawa K, Moriyama M, Nakamura M, Katsuki M, Takahashi K, et al. Modulation of hematopoiesis in mice with a truncated mutant of the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain. Blood 1996; 87(3):956-67; PMID:8562967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugamura K, Asao H, Kondo M, Tanaka N, Ishii N, Ohbo K, Nakamura M, Takeshita T. The interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain: its role in the multiple cytokine receptor complexes and T cell development in XSCID. Annu Rev Immunol 1996; 14:179-205; PMID:8717512; http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traggiai E, Chicha L, Mazzucchelli L, Bronz L, Piffaretti JC, Lanzavecchia A, Manz MG. Development of a human adaptive immune system in cord blood cell-transplanted mice. Science 2004; 304(5667):104-7; PMID:15064419; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1093933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yahata T, Ando K, Sato T, Miyatake H, Nakamura Y, Muguruma Y, Kato S, Hotta T. A highly sensitive strategy for SCID-repopulating cell assay by direct injection of primitive human hematopoietic cells into NOD/SCID mice bone marrow. Blood 2003; 101(8):2905-13; PMID:12411299; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-07-1995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito M, Hiramatsu H, Kobayashi K, Suzue K, Kawahata M, Hioki K, Ueyama Y, Koyanagi Y, Sugamura K, Tsuji K, et al. NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells. Blood 2002; 100(9):3175-82; PMID:12384415; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2001-12-0207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shultz LD, Lyons BL, Burzenski LM, Gott B, Chen X, Chaleff S, Kotb M, Gillies SD, King M, Mangada J, et al. Human lymphoid and myeloid cell development in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2R gamma null mice engrafted with mobilized human hemopoietic stem cells. J Immunol 2005; 174(10):6477-89; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.10.6477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broudy VC. Stem cell factor and hematopoiesis. Blood 1997; 90(4):1345-64; PMID:9269751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YQ, Chen P, Jain V, Reilly RM, Wong CS. Early radiation-induced endothelial cell loss and blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown in the rat spinal cord. Radiat Res 2004; 161(2):143-52; PMID:14731076; http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR3117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu W, Leibowitz B, Zhang L, Yu J. Growth factors protect intestinal stem cells from radiation-induced apoptosis by suppressing PUMA through the PI3K/AKT/p53 axis. Oncogene 2010; 29(11):1622-32; PMID:19966853; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiCarlo AL, Poncz M, Cassatt DR, Shah JR, Czarniecki CW, Maidment BW. Medical countermeasures for platelet regeneration after radiation exposure. Report of a workshop and guided discussion sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, March 22–23, 2010. Radiat Res 2011; 176(1):e0001-0015; PMID:21545291; http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RROL01.1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cosgun K, Rahmig S, Mende N, Reinke S, Hauber I, Schäfer C, Petzold A, Weisbach H, Heidkamp G, Purbojo A, et al. Kit regulates HSC engraftment across the human-mouse species barrier. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15(2):227-38; PMID:25017720; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2014.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarden Y, Ullrich A. Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Annu Rev Biochem 1988; 57:443-78; PMID:3052279; http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.002303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nocka K, Tan JC, Chiu E, Chu TY, Ray P, Traktman P, Besmer P. Molecular bases of dominant negative and loss of function mutations at the murine c-kit/white spotting locus: W37, Wv, W41 and W. EMBO J 1990; 9(6):1805-13; PMID:1693331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu YR, Wu GM, Mendiaz EA, Syed R, Wypych J, Toso R, Mann MB, Boone TC, Narhi LO, Lu HS, et al. The majority of stem cell factor exists as monomer under physiological conditions. Implications for dimerization mediating biological activity. J Biol Chem 1997; 272(10):6406-15; PMID:9045664; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.10.6406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mintz B, Russell ES. Gene-induced embryological modifications of primordial germ cells in the mouse. J Exp Zool 1957; 134(2):207-37; PMID:13428952; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1401340202
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Z, Bunting KD. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant into non-myeloablated W/Wv mice to detect steady-state engraftment defects. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 430:171-81; PMID:18370299; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-182-6_12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rongvaux A, Takizawa H, Strowig T, Willinger T, Eynon EE, Flavell RA, Manz MG. Human hemato-lymphoid system mice: current use and future potential for medicine. Annu Rev Immunol 2013; 31:635-74; PMID:23330956; http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095921
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takagi S. Saito Y, Hijikata A, Tanaka S, Watanabe T, Hasegawa T, Mochizuki S, Kunisawa J, Kiyono H, Koseki H, et al. Membrane-bound human SCF/KL promotes in vivo human hematopoietic engraftment and myeloid differentiation. Blood 2012; 119(12): 2768-77; PMID:22279057; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-05-353201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feuring-Buske M, Gerhard B, Cashman J, Humphries RK, Eaves CJ, Hogge DE. Improved engraftment of human acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient NOD/SCID mice and in NOD/SCID mice transgenic for human growth factors. Leukemia 2003; 17(4):760-3; PMID:12682634; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2402882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brehm M, Waldemar R, Leif J, Burzenski L, Hosur V, Wetmore A, Gott B, Herlihy M, Ignotz R, Dunn R, et al. Engraftment of human HSCs in nonirradiated newborn NOD-scid IL2rγ null mice is enhanced by transgenic expression of membrane-bound human SCF. Blood 2012; 119(12):2778-88; PMID:22246028; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-05-353243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolini F, Cashman J, Hogge D, Humphries RK, Eaves CJ. NOD/SCID mice engineered to express human IL-3, GM-CSF and Steel factor constitutively mobilize engrafted human progenitors and compromise human stem cell regeneration. Leukemia 2004; 18(2):341-7; PMID:14628073; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2403222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei J, Wunderlich M, Fox C, Alvarez S, Cigudosa JC, Wilhelm JS, Zheng Y, Cancelas JA, Gu Y, Jansen M, et al. Microenvironment determines lineage fate in a human model of MLL-AF9 leukemia. Cancer Cell 2008; 13(6):483-95; PMID:18538732; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2008.04.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shultz LD, Saito Y, Najima Y, Tanaka S, Ochi T, Tomizawa M, Doi T, Sone A, Suzuki N, Fujiwara H, et al. Generation of functional human T-cell subsets with HLA-restricted immune responses in HLA class I expressing NOD/SCID/IL2r gamma(null) humanized mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107(29):13022-7; PMID:20615947; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000475107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Li X, Coelho-dos-Reis JG, Wilson JM, Tsuji M. An AAV vector-mediated gene delivery approach facilitates reconstitution of functional human CD8+ T cells in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9(2):e88205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rongvaux A, Willinger T, Martinek J, Strowig T, Gearty SV, Teichmann LL, Saito Y, Marches F, Halene S, Palucka AK, et al. Development and function of human innate immune cells in a humanized mouse model. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:364-72; PMID:24633240; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDermott SP, Eppert K, Lechman ER, Doedens M, Dick JE. Comparison of human cord blood engraftment between immunocompromised mouse strains. Blood 2010; 116(2):193-200; PMID:20404133; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-02-271841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan P, Tonomura N, Shimizu A, Wang S, Yang YG. Reconstitution of a functional human immune system in immunodeficient mice through combined human fetal thymus/liver and CD34+ cell transplantation. Blood 2006; 108:487-92; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-11-4388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalscheuer H, Danzl N, Onoe T, Faust T, Winchester R, Goland R, Greenberg E, Spitzer TR, Savage DG, Tahara H, et al. A model for personalized in vivo analysis of human immune responsiveness. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:125ra30; PMID:22422991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mold J, Venkatasubrahmanyam S, Burt T, Michaëlsson J, Rivera JM, Galkina SA, Weinberg K, Stoddart CA, McCune JM. Fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells give rise to distinct T cell lineages in humans. Science 2010 Dec 17; 330(6011):1695-9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1196509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun X, Xu J, Lu H, Liu W, Miao Z, Sui X, Liu H, Su L, Du W, He Q, et al. Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into thymic epithelial progenitor-like cells reconstitutes the thymic microenvironment in vivo. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 13:230-6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2013.06.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grompe M, Strom S. Mice with human livers. Gastroenterology 2013; 145(6):1209-14; http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar