References
- Al Khawaja, M., 2012. Bahrain: open Letter to Ms. Kim Kardashian [online]. Bahrain Rights. Available from: http://www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/5535 [ Accessed 1 September 2016].
- Bahrain News Agency, 2016. Premier: Bahrain will remain oasis of security, stability [online]. Available from: http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/738220 [ Accessed 1 September 2016].
- Bahrain Watch, 2012. PR Watch: Keeping an eye on the Kingdom’s PR [online]. Available from: https://bahrainwatch.org/pr/[ Accessed 2 September 2016].
- Bassiouni, D.J., 1961. The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America. New York: Vintage.
- Bassoon, M.C., et al., 2011. Report of the Bahrain independent commission of inquiry [BICI Report], 23 November. Manama. Available from: www.bici.org.bh/BICIreportEN.pdf [ Accessed 1 September 2016].
- Chouliaraki, L., 2011. The theatricality of humanitarianism: a critique of celebrity advocacy. Communication and critical/cultural studies, 9 (1), 1–21.
- Cooper, A., 2009. Taking celebrity diplomacy seriously in international relations. E-IR. Available from: http://www.e-ir.info/2009/09/14/taking-celebrity-diplomacy-seriously-in-international-relations [ Accessed 28 August 2016].
- Daley, P., 2013. Rescuing African bodies: celebrities, consumerism and neoliberal humanitarianism. Review of African political economy, 40 (137), 375–393.
- Hassan, M., 2015. Why John Legend should perform in Bahrain [online]. Global Voices. Available from: https://globalvoices.org/2015/02/27/an-open-letter-to-john-legend-bahrain/ [ Accessed 2 September 2016].
- Heinich, N., 2011. La consommation de la célébrité. L’Année sociologique, 61, 103–123.
- Jones, M.O., 2016. Social media and unethical P2P diplomacy in the Bahrain Uprising. In: B. Gunter, M. Al-Areshi, and K. Al-Jaber, ed. Social media and the Arab uprisings. London: I.B. Tauris, 68–90.
- Khalaf, A., 28 February 2013. The many afterlives of Lulue. Ibraaz. Available from: http://www.ibraaz.org/essays/56 [Accessed 29 August 2016].
- Littler, J., 2008. “I feel your pain”: cosmopolitan charity and the public fashioning of the celebrity soul. Social semiotics, 18 (2), 237–251.
- Louis, C. (2012). Concerned citizens and secret operatives? New Diplomatic History. Available from: http://newdiplomatichistory.org/concernedcitizensandsecretoperatives/%3E [ Accessed 20 2016].
- Lynch, M., 3 December 2012. Bahraini milkshakes [online]. Foreign Policy. Available from: http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/12/03/bahraini-milkshakes/ [Accessed 3 September 2016].
- Lynch, M., 2015. An open letter to John Legend on Bahrain [online]. Abu Aardvark [blog]. Available from: http://abuaardvark.typepad.com/abuaardvark/2015/02/an-open-letter-to-john-legend-on-bahrain.html [ Accessed 2 September 2016].
- Mackey, R., 2012. Bahrain’s Embrace of Kim Kardashian [online]. The Lead. The New York Times. Available from: http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/03/bahrains-embrace-of-kim-kardashian [ Accessed 4 September 2016].
- Merrill, J., 2015. John Legend responds to criticism over Bahrain gig amid human rights concerns. The Independent. Available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/john-legend-criticised-over-bahrain-gig-over-human-rights-concerns-10073547.html [ Accessed 4 September 2016].
- Mitchell, D., 2003. The right to the city: social justice and the fight for public space. New York: The Guilford Press.
- Perlmutter, D. and Wagner, G., 2004. The anatomy of a photojournalistic icon: marginalization of dissent in the selection and framing of ‘A Death in Genoa’. Visual communication, 3 (1), 91–108.
- Richey, L.A. and Ponte, S., 2008. Better (Red)TM than dead? Celebrities, consumption and international aid. Third world quarterly, 29 (4), 711–729.
- Roy, S., 2007. Humanism, scholarship, and politics: writing on the Palestinian Israeli conflict. Journal of palestine studies, 36 (2), 54–65.
- Selma, 2014. Directed by Ava DuVernay. United States, Pathe Productions Limited.
- Shehabi, A. and Jones, M.O., eds., 2015. The Bahrain uprising. London: Zed Books.
- Taylor, A., 27 February 2015. John Legend took a strong moral stance at the Oscars. Now he’s performing in Bahrain. The Washington Post. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/02/27/john-legend-took-a-strong-moral-stand-at-the-oscars-now-hes-performing-in-bahrain [Accessed 2 September 2016].
- Wheeler, M. and Kapoor, I., September 2012. Should celebrities promote charities? New Internationalist. Available from: https://newint.org/sections/argument/2012/09/01/should-celebrities-promote-charities [Accessed 16 September 2016].
- Yessayan, M.T., 2015. Monarchical nation branding: queen Rania’s performance of modernity on YouTube. Celebrity studies, 6 (4), 430–442.
- Zhang, J., 2009. Public diplomacy to promote global public goods (GPG): conceptual expansion, ethical grounds, and rhetoric. Public relations review, 35 (4), 382–387.