311
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Monitoring of mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead in Ayurvedic formulations marketed in Delhi by flame AAS and confirmation by ICP-MS

&
Pages 140-144 | Received 31 Mar 2011, Accepted 26 Mar 2012, Published online: 09 May 2012

References

  • Ang , HH . 2008 . Lead contamination in Eugenia dyeriana herbal preparations from different commercial sources in Malaysia . Food Chem Toxicol , 46 : 1969 – 1975 .
  • Arpadjan , S , Celik , G , Taşkesen , S and Güçer , S . 2008 . Arsenic, cadmium and lead in medicinal herbs and their fractionation . Food Chem Toxicol , 46 : 2871 – 2875 .
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] . 2004 . Lead poisoning associated with Ayurvedic medications – five states, 2000–2003 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , 53 : 582 – 584 .
  • Chan , K . 2003 . Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines . Chromosphere , 52 : 1361 – 1371 .
  • Chan , TYK , Chan , JCN , Tamlinson , B and Critchley , JAJ . 1994 . Poisoning by Chinese herbal medicine in Hong Kong: a hospital based study . Vet Human Toxicol , 86 : 546 – 547 .
  • Dash , VB . 1986 . Alchemy and metallic medicines in Ayurveda , New Delhi : Concept Publications .
  • Dunbabin , DW , Tallis , GA , Poppelwell , PY and Lee , RA . 1992 . Lead poisoning from Indian herbal medicine . Med J Aust , 157 : 835 – 836 .
  • Eisenberg , D , David , RB , Ettner , SL , Appel , S , Wilkey , S and Kessler , RC . 1990 . Trend in alternative medicine use in the United States 1990–1997 . JAMA , 280 : 1569 – 1575 .
  • Ernst , E . 2002 . Heavy metals in traditional Indian remedies . Eur J Clin Pharmacol , 57 : 891 – 896 .
  • Gasser , U , Klier , B , Kühn , AV and Steinhoff , B . 2009 . Current findings on the heavy metal content in herbal drugs . Pharmeur Sci Notes , 1 : 37 – 50 .
  • Gogtay , NJ , Bhatt , HA , Dalvi , SS and Kshirsagar , NA . 2002 . The use and safety of non-allopathic Indian medicines . Drug Saf , 25 : 1005 – 1019 .
  • Ibrahim , AS and Latif , AH . 2002 . Adult lead poisoning from a herbal medicine . Saudi Med J , 23 : 591 – 593 .
  • Mandal , SC . 2011 . Quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal products through regulatory harmonization . Drug Inform J , 45 : 45 – 53 .
  • Meena , AK , Bansal , P , Kumar , S , Rao , MM and Garg , VK . 2010 . Estimation of heavy metals in commonly used medicinal plants: a market basket survey . Environ Monit Assess , 170 : 657 – 660 .
  • Nishteswar , K and Vidyanath , R . 2005 . Ayurvediya Rasashastra , Varanasi , , India : Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan .
  • Perkins , JB , David , LW and Keith , N . 1994 . NIOSH manual of analytical method , 4th , Salt Lake City, UT : DataChem Laboratories .
  • Prpic-Mjaic , D , Pizent , A , Jurasovic , J , Pongracic , J and Restek , SN . 1996 . Lead poisoning associated with the use of Ayurvedic metal-mineral tonics . J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , 34 : 417 – 423 .
  • Saper , RB , Kales , SN , Paquin , J , Burns , MJ , Davis , RB and Phillips , RS . 2004 . Prevalence and concentration of heavy metals in Ayurvedic formulations manufactured in South Asia and sold in Boston-area stores . JAMA , 292 : 2868 – 2873 .
  • Saper , RB , Phillips , RS , Sehgal , A , Khouri , N , Davis , RB , Paquin , J , Thuppil , V and Kales , SN . 2008 . Lead, mercury, and arsenic in US- and Indian-manufactured Ayurvedic medicines sold via the Internet . JAMA , 300 : 915 – 923 .
  • Schilling , U , Muck , R and Heidemann , E . 2004 . Lead poisoning after ingestion of Ayurvedic drugs . Med Klin , 99 : 476 – 480 .
  • Shi , JZ , Kang , F , Wu , Q , Lu , YF , Liu , J and Kang , YJ . 2011 . Nephrotoxicity of mercuric chloride, methylmercury and cinnabar-containing Zhu-Sha-An-Shen-Wan in rats . Toxicol Lett , 200 : 194 – 200 .
  • Thatte , UM , Rege , NN , Phatak , SD and Dahanukar , SA . 1993 . The flip side of Ayurveda . J Postgrad Med , 39 : 179 – 182 .
  • Weide , R , Engelhart , S , Farber , H , Kufmann , F , Haymanns , J and Koppler , H . 2003 . Severe lead poisoning due to Ayurvedic Indian plant medicine . Dtsch Med Wochenschr , 128 : 2418 – 2420 .
  • Yi , XP , Chen , DY , Liu , JP and Liu , QW . 2003 . Determination of twelve elements in ephedrine extraction by microwave digestion-AAS . Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi , 23 : 81 – 83 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.