270
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in fish, seafood products and fish oil in Spain

, , , &
Pages 218-230 | Received 23 Oct 2012, Accepted 08 May 2013, Published online: 25 Jun 2013

References

  • Abad , E , Martínez , K , Caixach , J and Rivera , J. 2006 . Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and “dioxin-like” PCBs in flue gas emissions from municipal waste management plants . Chemosphere , 63 : 570 – 580 .
  • Aries , E , Anderson , DR , Fisher , R , Fray , TAT and Hemfrey , D. 2006 . PCDD/F and “Dioxin-like” PCB emissions from iron ore sintering plants in the UK . Chemosphere , 65 : 1470 – 1480 .
  • Berntssen , MHG , Olsvik , PA , Torstensen , BE , Julshamn , K , Midtun , T , Goksøyr , A , Johansen , J , Sigholt , T , Joerum , N and Jakobsen , JV . 2010 . Reducing persistent organic pollutants while maintaining long chain omega-3 fatty acid in farmed Atlantic salmon using decontaminated fish oils for an entire production cycle . Chemosphere , 81 : 242 – 252 .
  • Blanco , SL , Martínez , A , Porro , C , Cabado , A and Vieites , J. 2011 . Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in fish products and by-products by gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry . Organohalogen Compd , 73 : 1 – 3 .
  • Blanco , SL , Sobrado , C , Quintela , C , Cabaleiro , S , González , JC and Vieites , J. 2007 . Dietary uptake of dioxins (PCDD/PCDFs) and dioxin-like PCBs in Spanish aquacultured turbot (Psetta maxima) . Food Addit Contam , 24 : 421 – 428 .
  • Bocio , A , Domingo , JL , Falcó , G and Llobet , JM. 2007 . Concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in fish and seafood from the Catalan (Spain) market: estimated human intake . Environ Int , 33 : 170 – 175 .
  • Chen , T , Li , X , Yan , J and Jin , Y. 2009 . Polychlorinated biphenyls emission from a medical waste incinerator in China . J Hazard Mater , 172 : 1339 – 1343 .
  • [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority . 2012 . Update of the monitoring of levels of dioxins and PCBs in food and feed. Scientific Report of EFSA . EFSA J , 10 : 2832
  • EPA Method 846 . January 1995 . “ Test Methods for the Evaluation of Waste ” . In SW-846, including updates through 2B. Chapter 1, Appendix B to Part 136 – Definition and Procedure of the Method Detection Limit – Revision 1.11 , January , Washington , DC : US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) .
  • EPA Method 1613 . 1990 . Tetra-through Octa-chlorinated Dioxin and Furans by Isotope Dilution HRGC/HRMS, Revision A , Washington , DC : US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) .
  • EPA Method 1668 . 1999 . Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS, Revisions A , Washington , DC : US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) .
  • European Commission . 2006a . Commission Directive 2006/13/EC of 3 February 2006 amending Annexes I and II to Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed as regards dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs . Off J Eur Union , L32 : 44 – 53 .
  • European Commission . 2006b . Commission Recommendation of 6 February 2006 on the reduction of the presence of dioxins, furans and PCBs in feedingstuffs and foodstuffs. 2006/88/EC . Off J Eur Union , L42 : 26 – 28 .
  • European Commission . 2006c . Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs . Off J Eur Union , L364 : 5 – 24 .
  • European Commission . 2006d . Commission Regulation (EC) No 1883/2006 of 19 December 2006 laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in certain foodstuffs . Off J Eur Union , L364 : 32 – 43 .
  • European Commission . 2008 . Commission Regulation (EC) No 565/2008 of 18 June 2008 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards the establishment of a maximum level for dioxins and PCBs in fish liver . Off J Eur Union , L160 : 20 – 21 .
  • European Commission . 2011a . Commission Recommendation of 23 August 2011 on the reduction of the presence of dioxins, furans and PCBs in feed and food. 2011/516/EU . Off J Eur Union , L218 : 23 – 25 .
  • European Commission . 2011b . Commission Regulation (EU) No 1259/2011 of 2 December 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs . Off J Eur Union , L320 : 18 – 23 .
  • European Commission . 2012a . Commission Regulation (EU) No 252/2012 of 21 March 2012 laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of levels of dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in certain foodstuffs and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1883/2006 . Off J Eur Union , L84 : 1 – 22 .
  • European Commission . 2012b . Commission Regulation (EU) No 277/2012 of 28 March 2012 amending Annexes I and II to Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum levels and action thresholds for dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls . Off J Eur Union , L91 : 1 – 7 .
  • European Commission . 2012c . Commission Regulation (EU) No 278/2012 of 28 March 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 as regards the determination of the levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls . Off J Eur Union , L91 : 8 – 22 .
  • FAO/WHO . 2011 . Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on the Risks and Benefits of Fish Consumption , 50 Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization .
  • Fabrellas , B , Sanz , P , Abad , E , Rivera , J and Larrazábal , D. 2004 . Analysis of dioxins and furans in environmental samples by GC-ion-trap MS/MS . Chemosphere , 55 : 1469 – 1475 .
  • Fernandes , AR , Mortimer , DN , Rose , M , Knowles , TG , White , S and Gem , M. 2009 . Occurrence of dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wild, farmed and processed fish, and shellfish . Food Addit Contam Part B , 2 : 15 – 20 .
  • Focant , JF , Eppe , G , Pirard , C , Massart , AC , André , JD and De Pauw , E. 2002 . Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in Belgian foodstuffs: assessment of dietary intake. Chemosphere , 48 : 167
  • García-Bermejo , A , Ábalos , M , Sauló , J , Abad , E , González , MJ and Gómara , B. 2011 . Feasibility of triple-quadrupole GC-MS/MS as an alternative technique to GC-HRMS for the analysis of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in food and feedstuff samples . Organohalogen Compd , 73 : 25 – 28 .
  • Howell , NL , Rifai , HS and Koenig , L. 2011 . Comparative distribution, sourcing, and chemical behavior of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in an estuary environment . Chemosphere , 83 : 873 – 881 .
  • Isosaari , P , Kiviranta , H , Lie , O , Lundebye , AK , Ritchie , G and Vartiainen , T. 2004 . Accumulation and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) . Environ Toxicol Chem , 23 : 1672 – 1679 .
  • Karl , H and Lahrssen-Wiederholt , M. 2009 . Dioxin and dioxin-like PCB levels in cod-liver and –muscle from different fishing grounds of the North- and Baltic Sea and the North Atlantic . J Verbrauch Lebensm , 4 : 247 – 255 .
  • Karl , H , Ruoff , U and Blüthgen , A. 2002 . Levels of dioxins in fish and fishery products on the German market . Chemosphere , 49 : 765 – 773 .
  • Kemmochi , Y and Tsutsumi , K. 2001 . Rapid PCDD/PCDF screening method for fly ash with ion trap MS/MS . Chemosphere , 43 : 433 – 437 .
  • Kotz , A , Malisch , R , Wahl , K , Bitomsky , N , Adamovic , K , Gerteisen , I , Leswal , S , Schachtele , J , Tritschler , R and Winterhalter , H. 2011 . GC-MS/MS Determination of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in feed and food – Comparison with GC-HRMS . Organohalogen Compd , 73 : 1 – 4 .
  • Malavia , J , Abalos , M , Santos , FJ , Abad , E , Rivera , J and Galceran , MT. 2007a . Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in vegetable oil samples by gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry . J Chromatogr A , 1149 : 321 – 332 .
  • Malavia , J , Abalos , M , Santos , FJ , Abad , E , Rivera , J and Galceran , MT. 2007b . Ion-trap tandem mass Spectrometry for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in food . J Agric Food Chem , 55 : 10531 – 10539 .
  • Malavia , J , Santos , FJ and Galceran , MT. 2008 . Comparison of gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry systems for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzo-furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls . J Chromatogr A , 1186 : 302 – 311 .
  • Malisch , R , Kotz , A , Adamovic , K , Gersteisen , I , Tritschler , R and Winterhalter , H. 2007 . Influence of new WHO-TEFs on TEQ-based results of food samples and analytical opportunities . Organohalogen Compd , 69 : 98 – 101 .
  • Nilsen , B , Frantzen , S and Julshamn , K. 2011 . Concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in liver from Atlantic cod from 15 fjords and harbours along the Norwegian coast . Organohalogen Compd , 73 : 1686 – 1688 .
  • Strid , A , Jörundsdóttir , H , Päpke , O , Svavarsson , J and Bergman , A. 2007 . Dioxins and PCBs in Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) from the North-East Atlantic . Mar Pollut Bull , 54 : 1514 – 1522 .
  • Van Den Berg , M , Birnbaum , L , Bosveld , AT , Brunström , B , Cook , P , Feeley , M , Giesy , JP , Hanberg , A , Hasegawa , R and Kennedy , SW . 1998 . Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife . Environ Health Perspect , 106 : 775 – 792 .
  • Van Den Berg , M , Birnbaum , LS , Denison , M , De Vito , M , Farland , W , Feeley , M , Fiedler , H , Hakansson , H , Hanberg , A and Haws , L . 2006 . The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and Mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds . Toxicol Sci , 93 : 223 – 241 .
  • Van Leeuwen , SPJ and De Boer , J. 2008 . Advances in the gas chromatographic determination of persistent organic pollutants in the aquatic environment . J Chromatogr A , 1186 : 161 – 182 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.