Mycotoxins, trace elements, and phthalates in marketed rice of different origin and exposure assessment

References

• Adedire CO, Adeyemi JA, Paulelli AC, da Cunha Martins-Junior A, Ileke KD, Segura FR, de Oliveira-Souza VC, Batista BL, Barbosa F. 2015. Toxic and essential elements in Nigerian rice and estimation of dietary intake through rice consumption. Food Addit Contam Part B. 8:271–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinyele IO, Shokunbi OS. 2015. Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni in selected Nigerian tubers, legumes and cereals and estimates of the adult daily intakes. Food Chem. 173:702–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoine JMR, Fung LAH, Grant CN, Dennis HT, Lalor GC. 2012. Dietary intake of minerals and trace elements in rice on the Jamaican market. J Food Compos Anal. 26:111–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batista BL, De Oliveira Souza VC, Da Silva FG, Barbosa F Jr. 2010. Survey of 13 trace elements of toxic and nutritional significance in rice from Brazil and exposure assessment. Food Addit Contam Part B. 3:253–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao Z, Mou R, Cao Z, Lin X, Xu P, Chen Z, Zhu Z, Chen M. 2017. Nickel in milled rice (Oryza sativa L.) from the three main rice-producing regions in China. Food Addit Contam Part B. 10:69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cariou R, Larvor F, Monteau F, Marchand P, Bichon E, Dervilly-Pinel G, Antignac JP, Le Bizec B. 2016. Measurement of phthalates diesters in food using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 196:211–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousins IT, Mackay D, Parkerton TF. 2003. Physical-chemical properties and evaluative fate modelling of phthalate esters. In: Staples CA, editor. The handbook of environmental chemistry: phthalate esters. Berlin: Springer; p. 57–84.
   Google Scholar
• EC. 2006. Commission regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union L. 364:1–35.
   Google Scholar
• EPA U. 2014 May. Regional screening level (RSL) summary table (TR=1E-6, HQ=1). Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• EPA, U. 2000. Risk-based concentration table. Philadelphia PA. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2005a. Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and material in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the commission related to di-butylphthalate (DBP) for use in food contact materials. Question N°EFSA-Q-2003-192. Efsa J. 242:1–17.
   Google Scholar
• European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2005b. Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the commission related to bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) for use in food contact materials. Question N°EFSA-Q-2003-191. Efsa J. 243:1–20.
   Google Scholar
• European Union Reference Laboratory for heavy metals (EURL-HM). 2015. Interlaboratory comparisons, EURL-HM-20 Proficiency Test Report. Determination of total As, Cd, Pb, Hg and inorganic As in chocolate; July–September 2015; Geel, Belgium. p. B–2440.
   Google Scholar
• Fankhauser-Noti A, Biedermann-Brem S, Grob K. 2006. PVC plasticizers/additives migrating from the gaskets of metal closures into oily food: Swiss market survey June 2005. Eur Food Res Technol. 223:447–453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. 2015.  [cited 2015 July] http://www.fao.org/news/archive/news-by-date/2015/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Fierens T, Vanermen G, Van Holderbeke M, De Henauw S, Sioen I. 2012. Effect of cooking at home on the levels of eight phthalates in foods. Food Chem Toxicol. 50:4428–4435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firdous S, Ashfaq A, Khan SJ, Khan N. 2014. Aflatoxins in corn and rice sold in Lahore, Pakistan. Food Addit Contam Part B. 7:95–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromme H, Küchler T, Otto T, Pilz K, Müller J, Wenzel A. 2002. Occurrence of phthalates and bisphenol A and F in the environment. Water Res. 36(6):1429–1438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu J, Zhou Q, Liu J, Liu W, Wang T, Zhang Q, Jiang G. 2008. High levels of heavy metals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) from a typical E-waste recycling area in southeast China and its potential risk to human health. Chemosphere. 71:1269–1275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Kannan K. 2011. Comparative assessment of human exposure to phthalate esters from house dust in China and the United States. Environ Sci Technol. 45:3788–3794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Li Y, Ren N, Kannan K. 2012. Occurrence and profiles of phthalates in foodstuffs from China and their implications for human exposure. J Agr Food Chem. 60:6913−6919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihedioha JN, Ekere NR, Okoye COB. 2013. Cadmium in locally grown rice (Oryza sativa) in Nigeria. Food Addit Contam Part B. 6:275–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh H, Yoshida K, Masunaga S. 2007. Quantitative identification of unknown expo-sure pathways of phthalates based on measuring their metabolites in human urine. Environ Sci Technol. 41:4542–4547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji Y, Wang F, Zhang L, Shan C, Bai Z, Sun Z, Liu L, Shen B. 2014. A comprehensive assessment of human exposure to phthalates from environmental media and food in Tianjin, China. J Hazar Mater. 279:133–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. 1999. Summary and conclusions. 53rd Meeting; June 1–10; Rome.
   Google Scholar
• Kong S, Ji Y, Liu L, Chen L, Zhao X, Wang J, Bai Z, Sun Z. 2012. Diversities of phthalate esters in suburban agricultural soils and wasteland soil appeared with urbanization in China. Environ Pollut. 170:161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai X, Liu R, Ruan C, Zhang H, Liu C. 2015. Occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in rice samples from six provinces in China. Food Control. 50:401–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millour S, Noël L, Kadar A, Chekri R, Vastel C, Sirot V, Leblanc JC, Guérin T. 2011. Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Sb and Al levels in foodstuffs from the 2nd French total diet study. Food Chem. 126:1787–1799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miraglia M, Marvin HJP, Kleter GA, Battilani P, Brera C, Coni E, Cubadda F, Croci L, De Santis B, Dekkers S, et al. 2009. Climate change and food safety: an emerging issue with special focus on Europe. Food Chem Toxicol. 47:1009–1021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naseri M, Vazirzadeh A, Kazemi R, Zaheri F. 2015. Concentration of some heavy metals in rice types available in Shiraz market and human health risk assessment. Food Chem. 175:243–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Net S, Dumoulin D, El-Osmani R, Rabodonirina S, Ouddane B. 2014. Case study of PAHs Me-PAHs, PCBs, phthalates and pesticides contamination in the Somme River water, France. Int J Environ Res. 8(4):1159–1170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phuong T, Kokot S, Chuong PV, Tong Khiem D. 1999. Elemental content of Vietnamese rice Part 1. Sampling, analysis and comparison with previous studies. Analyst. 124:553–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prandini A, Sigolo S, Filippi L, Battilani P, Piva G. 2009. Review of predictive models for Fusarium head blight and related mycotoxin contamination in wheat. Food Chemtoxicol. 47:927–931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian Y, Chen C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen Z, Li M. 2010. Concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic in Chinese market milled rice and associated population health risk. Food Control. 21:1757–1763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman MA, Rahman MM, Reichman SM, Lim RP, Naidu R. 2014. Heavy metals in Australian grown and imported rice and vegetables on sale in Australia: health hazard. Ecotox Environ Safe. 100:53–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy KRN, Reddy CS, Abbas CS, Abel CA, Muralidharan K. 2008. Mycotoxigenic fungi, mycotoxins and management of rice grains. Toxin Rev. 27:287–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter EV, Vouk F, Böhm J, Razzazi-Fazeli E. 2010. Aflatoxins in rice – a limited survey of products marketed in Austria. Food Control. 21(7):988–991.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serbian Regulation. 2014. Maximum allowed contents of contaminants in food and feed. Official Bulletin of the Republic of Serbia 29/14. p. 483–485.
   Google Scholar
• Serrano AB, Font G, Ruiz MJ, Ferrer E. 2012. Co-occurrence and risk assessment of mycotoxins in food and diet from Mediterranean area. Food Chem. 135:423–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Škrbić B, Antić I, Cvejanov J. 2017. Determination of mycotoxins in biscuits, dried fruits and fruit jams: assessment of human exposure. Food Addit Contam Part A. 1–14. doi:10.1080/19440049.2017.1303195
   Google Scholar
• Škrbić B, Godula M, Đurišić-Mladenović N, Živančev J. 2011. Multi-mycotoxin analysis by UHPLC–HESI-MS/MS: a preliminary survey of Serbian wheat flour. Agron Res. 9:461–468.
   Google Scholar
• Škrbić B, Koprivica S, Godula M. 2013b. Validation of a method for determination of mycotoxins subjected to the EU regulations in spices: the UHPLC–HESI-MS/MS analysis of the crude extracts. Food Control. 31:461–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Škrbić B, Živančev J, Đurišić-Mladenović N, Godula M. 2012. Principal mycotoxins in wheat flour from the Serbian market: levels and assessment of the exposure by wheat-based products. Food Control. 25:389–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Škrbić B, Živančev J, Godula M. 2014. Multimycotoxin analysis of crude extracts of nuts with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Compos Anal. 34:171–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Škrbić B, Živančev J, Mrmoš N. 2013a. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium and lead in selected foodstuffs from Serbian market basket: estimated intake by the population from the Serbia. Food Chem Toxicol. 58:440–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommella A, Deacon C, Norton G, Pigna M, Violante A, Meharg AA. 2013. Total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, and other elements concentrations in Italian rice grain varies with origin and type. Environ Pollut. 181:38–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka K, Sago Y, Zheng Y, Nakagawa H, Kushiro M. 2007. Mycotoxins in rice. Int J Food Microbiol. 119:59–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinggi U, Schoendorfer N, Scheelings P, Yang X, Jurd S, Robinson A, Smith K, Piispanen J. 2015. Arsenic in rice and diets of children. Food Addit Contam Part B. 8:149–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres-Escribano S, Leal M, Vélez D, Montoro R. 2008. Total and inorganic arsenic concentrations in rice sold in Spain, effect of cooking, and risk assessments. Environ Sci Technol. 42:3867–3872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1987. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP); (CASRN 117-81-7). Integrated Risk Information System. [ accessed 2017 June 10]. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=14.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1990. Dibutyl phthalate (CASRN 84-74-2). Integrated Risk Information System. [ accessed 2017 June 10]. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=38.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1993a. Butyl benzyl phthalate (CASRN 85-68-7). Integrated Risk Information System. [ accessed 2017 June 10]. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=293.
   Google Scholar
• USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1993b. Diethyl phthalate (CASRN 84-66-2). Integrated Risk Information System. [accessed 2017 June 10]. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm?substance_nmbr=226.
   Google Scholar
• Wang TH, Lin TF. 2007. Monascus rice products. Adv Food Nutr Res. 53:123–159.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weschler CJ, Salthammer T, Fromme H. 2008. Partitioning of phthalates among the gas phase, airborne particles and settled dust in indoor environments. Atmos Environ. 42:1449–1460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organization). 1994 /1989. Quality directive of potable water. 2nd ed. Geneva: National Research Counsil.
   Google Scholar
• Wormuth M, Scheringer M, Vollenweider M, Hungerbuhler K. 2006. What are the sources of exposure to eight frequently used phthalic acid esters in Europeans? Risk Anal. 26:803–824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Zhang H, Liu G, Zhang J, Wang J, Yu Y, Lu S. 2016. Concentrations and health risk assessment of trace elements in animal-derived food in southern China. Chemosphere. 144:564–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinedine A, Soriano JM, Juan C, Mojemmi B, Moltó JC, Bouklouze A, Cherrah Y, Idrissi L, Aouad RE, Mañes J. 2007. Incidence of ochratoxin A in rice and dried fruits from Rabat and Salé area, Morocco. Food Addit Contam. 24:285–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar