729
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
REVIEW

Review of modelling approaches for passive ceiling cooling systems

, &
Pages 145-172 | Received 03 Dec 2013, Accepted 25 Feb 2014, Published online: 24 Jun 2014

References

  • Abe, K., T. Kondoh, and Y. Nagano. 1994. “A New Turbulence Model for Predicting Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Separating and Reattaching Flows – I. Flow Field Calculations.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 37 (1): 139–151. doi: 10.1016/0017-9310(94)90168-6
  • AHRI (Air-conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute). Accessed August 12, 2013. www.ahrinet.org/chilled+beams.aspx
  • Akander, J. 2000. “The ORC Method – Effective Modelling of Multilayer Building Components.” Doctoral diss., Department of Building Sciences, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
  • Andrés-Chicote, M., A. Tejero-González, E. Velasco-Gómez, and F. J. Rey-Martínez. 2012. “Experimental Study on the Cooling Capacity of a Radiant Cooled Ceiling System.” Energy and Buildings 54: 207–214. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.07.043
  • Antonopoulos, K. A. 1992. “Analytical and Numerical Heat Transfer in Cooling Panels.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 35 (11): 2777–2782. doi: 10.1016/0017-9310(92)90298-7
  • Antonopoulos, K. A., and F. Democritou. 1993. “Periodic Steady-State Heat Transfer in Cooling Panels.” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 14 (1): 94–100. doi: 10.1016/0142-727X(93)90045-O
  • Antonopoulos, K. A., and C. Tzivanidis. 1997. “Numerical Solution of Unsteady Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer During Space Cooling Using Ceiling-Embedded Piping.” Energy 22 (1): 59–67. doi: 10.1016/S0360-5442(96)00079-5
  • Antonopoulos, K. A., M. Vrachopoulos, and C. Tzivanidis. 1997. “Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Space Cooling Using Ceiling-Embedded Piping.” Applied Thermal Engineering 17 (4): 351–367. doi: 10.1016/S1359-4311(96)00040-3
  • ASHRAE. 2009. ANSI/ASHRAE 138-2009: Method of Testing for Rating Ceiling Panels for Sensible Heating and Cooling. Altanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.
  • ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook. 2004. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
  • Ayoub, M., N. Ghaddar, and K. Ghali. 2006. “Simplified Thermal Model of Spaces Cooled with Combined Positive Displacement Ventilation and Chilled Ceiling System.” HVAC&R Research 12 (4): 1005–1030. doi: 10.1080/10789669.2006.10391448
  • Babiak, J., B. Olesen, and D. Petras. 2007. Low Temperature Heating and High Temperature Cooling – REHVA Guidebook. Brussels: Federation of European Heating and Air-Conditioning Associations.
  • Baines, W. D., and J. S. Turner. 1969. “Turbulent Buoyant Convection from a Source in a Confined Region.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 37 (1): 51–80. doi: 10.1017/S0022112069000413
  • Ben Nasr, K., R. Chouikh, C. Kerkeni, and A. Guizani. 2006. “Numerical Study of the Natural Convection in Cavity Heated from the Lower Corner and Cooled from the Ceiling.” Applied Thermal Engineering 26 (7): 772–775. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.09.011
  • Binghooth, A. S., and Z. A. Zainal. 2012. “Performance of Desiccant Dehumidification with Hydronic Radiant Cooling System in Hot Humid Climates.” Energy and Buildings 51: 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.01.031
  • Braun, J. E., S. A. Klein, and J. W. Mitchell. 1989. “Effectiveness Models for Cooling Towers and Cooling Coils.” ASHRAE Transactions 95 (2): 164–174.
  • Carslaw, H., and J. Jaeger. 1959. Conduction of Heat in Solids. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford Science Publication, Clarendon Press Oxford.
  • Castillo, J. A., and R. Tovar. 2012. “Transient Cooling of a Room with a Chilled Ceiling.” Solar Energy 86 (4): 1029–1036. doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2011.06.026
  • Catalina, T., J. Virgone, and F. Kuznik. 2009. “Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Using Combined CFD and Experimentation Study in a Test Room Equipped with a Cooling Ceiling.” Building and Environment 44 (8): 1740–1750. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.11.015
  • Causone, F., S. P. Corgnati, M. Filippi, and B. W. Olesen. 2009. “Experimental Evaluation of Heat Transfer Coefficients Between Radiant Ceiling and Room.” Energy and Buildings 41 (6): 622–628. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.01.004
  • Celata, P., M. Cumo, J. McPhail, and G. Zummo. 2007. “Single-Phase Laminar and Turbulent Heat Transfer in Smooth and Rough Microtubes.” Microfluid Nanofluids 3 (6): 697–707. doi: 10.1007/s10404-007-0162-7
  • CEN. 2004. EN14240: Ventilation for Buildings – Chilled Ceiling Testing and Rating. Brussels: European Committee for Standarization.
  • CEN. 2008. EN15377: Heating Systems in Buildings-Design of Embedded Water Based Surface Heating and Cooling Systems. Brussels: European Committee for Standarization.
  • Chan, Y.-C., and A. Tzempelikos. 2012. “A Hybrid Ray-Tracing and Radiosity Method for Calculating Radiation Transport and Illuminance Distribution in Spaces with Venetian Blinds.” Solar Energy 86 (11): 3109–3124. doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.021
  • Chan, Y.-C., and A. Tzempelikos. 2013. “Analysis and Comparison of Absorbed Solar Radiation Distribution Models in Perimeter Building Zones.” ASHRAE Transactions 119 (2): 129–145.
  • Chen, Q., and J. V. D. Kooi. 1988. “ACCURACY: A Computer Program for Combined Problems of Energy Analysis, Indoor Air Flow and Air Quality.” ASHRAE Transactions 94 (2): 196–214.
  • Chiang, W.-H., C.-Y. Wang, and J.-S. Huang. 2012. “Evaluation of Cooling Ceiling and Mechanical Ventilation Systems on Thermal Comfort using CFD Study in an Office for Subtropical Region.” Building and Environment 48: 113–127. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.09.002
  • Conroy, C. L., and S. A. Mumma. 2001. “Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panels as a Viable Distributed Parallel Sensible Cooling Technology Integrated with Dedicated Outdoor-Air Systems.” ASHRAE Transactions 107 (1): 578–585.
  • Corgnati, S. P., M. Perino, G. V. Fracastoro, and P. V. Nielsen. 2009. “Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Air and Radiant Cooling Systems in Offices.” Building and Environment 44 (4): 801–806. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.05.022
  • Díaz, N. F. 2011a. “Experimental Analysis and Modeling of Hydronic Radiant Ceiling Panels Using Transient-State Analysis.” International Journal of Refrigeration 34 (4): 958–967. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2011.01.007
  • Díaz, N. F. 2011b. “Experimental Study of Hydronic Panels System and Its Environment.” Energy Conversion and Management 52 (1): 770–780. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.08.002
  • Díaz, N. F. 2011c. “Modeling of a Hydronic Ceiling System and Its Environment as Energetic Auditing Tool.” Applied Energy 88 (3): 636–649. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.08.005
  • Díaz, N. F., S. Bertagnolio, and C. Cuevas. 2010. “Radiant Ceiling Systems Coupled to Its Environment Part 2: Dynamic Modeling and Validation.” Applied Thermal Engineering 30 (14–15): 2196–2203. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.05.032
  • Díaz, N. F., and C. Cuevas. 2010. “Testing and Thermal Modeling of Radiant Panels Systems as Commissioning Tool.” Energy Conversion and Management 51 (12): 2663–2677. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.06.001
  • Díaz, N. F., C. Cuevas, and V. Lemort. 2010. “Radiant Ceiling Systems Coupled to Its Environment Part 1: Experimental Analysis.” Applied Thermal Engineering 30 (14–15): 2187–2195. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.05.033
  • Díaz, N. F., J. Lebrun, and P. André. 2010. “Experimental Study and Modeling of Cooling Ceiling Systems Using Steady-State Analysis.” International Journal of Refrigeration 33 (4): 793–805. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.12.011
  • DOE 2.1E. “Building Energy Analysis Program.” Accessed February 2014. http://doe2.com/
  • DOE 2.1E Manual. Accessed February 18, 2013. http://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/dirsoft/21e_update2.pdf
  • Duffie, J. A., and W. A. Beckman. 1991. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley Interscience.
  • EES (Engineering equation solver). “General Equation-Solving Program.” Accessed February 2014. http://sel.me.wisc.edu/ees/new_ees.html
  • emco klima. Accessed August 12, 2013. www.emco-klima.com
  • Energy Technology Perspectives 2010. 2010. Scenarios and Strategies to 2050. Paris: International Energy Agency (IEA).
  • EnergyPlus. “Energy Analysis and Thermal Load Simulation Program.” Accessed February 2014. http://www.energyplus.gov
  • Fabrizio, E., S. P. Corgnati, F. Causone, and M. Filippi. 2012. “Numerical Comparison Between Energy and Comfort Performances of Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems Versus Air Systems.” HVAC&R Research 18 (4): 692–708.
  • Feng, J., S. Schiavon, and F. Bauman. 2013. “Cooling Load Differences Between Radiant and Air Systems.” Energy and Buildings 65: 310–321. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.06.009
  • Ferkl, L., and Š. Jan. 2010. “Ceiling Radiant Cooling: Comparison of ARMAX and Subspace Identification Modelling Methods.” Building and Environment 45 (1): 205–212. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.06.004
  • Feustel, H. E. 1993. Hydronic Radiant Cooling: Overview and Preliminary Performance Assessment. Report No. 33194. Berkeley: Energy and Environment Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
  • Fläkt Woods. Accessed August 12, 2013. www.flaktwoods.com
  • Fredriksson, J., and M. Sandberg. 2009. “The Effect of False Ceiling on the Cooling Capacity of Passive Chilled Beams.” Building and Environment 44 (7): 1426–1430. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.06.017
  • Fredriksson, J., M. Sandberg, and B. Moshfegh. 2001. “Experimental Investigation of the Velocity Field and Airflow Pattern Generated by Cooling Ceiling Beams.” Building and Environment 36 (7): 891–899. doi: 10.1016/S0360-1323(01)00015-4
  • Ge, G., F. Xiao, and S. Wang. 2012. “Neural Network Based Prediction Method for Preventing Condensation in Chilled Ceiling Systems.” Energy and Buildings 45: 290–298. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.11.017
  • Ghaddar, N., K. Ghali, R. Saadeh, and A. Keblawi. 2008. “Design Charts for Combined Chilled Ceiling Displacement Ventilation System.” ASHRAE Transactions 143 (2): 574–587.
  • Glück, B. 1982. Strahlungsheizung – Theorie und Praxis. Berlin: Verlag C. F. Müller.
  • Glück, B. 1989. Wärmeübergang. Berlin: VEB Verlag für Bauwesen.
  • Halton. Accessed August 12, 2013. www.halton.com
  • Hodder, S. G., D. L. Loveday, K. C. Parsons, and A. H. Taki. 1998. “Thermal Comfort in Chilled Ceiling and Displacement Ventilation Environments: Vertical Radiant Temperature Asymmetry Effects.” Energy and Buildings 27 (2): 167–173. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(97)00038-8
  • Imanari, T., T. Omori, and K. Bogaki. 1999. “Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of the Radiant Ceiling Panel System: Comparison with the Conventional All-Air System.” Energy and Buildings 30 (2): 167–175. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00084-X
  • ISO. 2012. ISO-11855: Building Environment Design – Design, Dimensioning, Installation and Control of Embedded Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
  • Jeong, J.-W., and S. A. Mumma. 2003. “Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panel Capacity Enhanced by Mixed Convection in Mechanically Ventilated Spaces.” Applied Thermal Engineering 23 (18): 2293–2306. doi: 10.1016/S1359-4311(03)00211-4
  • Jeong, J.-W., and S. A. Mumma. 2004. “Simplified Cooling Capacity Estimation Model for Top Insulated Metal Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panels.” Applied Thermal Engineering 24 (14–15): 2055–2072. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.01.017
  • Jeong, J.-W., and S. A. Mumma. 2007. “Practical Cooling Capacity Estimation Model for a Suspended Metal Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panel.” Building and Environment 42 (9): 3176–3185. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.08.006
  • Karadağ, R. 2009a. “The Investigation of Relation Between Radiative and Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients at the Ceiling in a Cooled Ceiling Room.” Energy Conversion and Management 50 (1): 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2008.09.008
  • Karadağ, R. 2009b. “New Approach Relevant to Total Heat Transfer Coefficient Including the Effect of Radiation and Convection at the Ceiling in a Cooled Ceiling Room.” Applied Thermal Engineering 29 (8–9): 1561–1565. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.07.005
  • Keblawi, A., N. Ghaddar, K. Ghali, and L. Jensen. 2009. “Chilled Ceiling Displacement Ventilation Design Charts Correlations to Employ in Optimized System Operation for Feasible Load Ranges.” Energy and Buildings 41 (11): 1155–1164. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.05.009
  • Kilkis, Í. B. 1992. “Enhancement of Heat Pump Performance Using Radiant Floor Heating Systems.” ASME AES 28: 119–127.
  • Kilkis, Í. B. 1993. “Radiant Ceiling Cooling with Solar Energy: Fundamentals, Modeling and a Case Design.” ASHRAE Transactions 99 (2): 521–533.
  • Kilkis, I. B., S. S. Sager, and M. Uludag. 1994a. “Thermo-hydraulic Simulation of Radiant Floor Heated Indoor Spaces.” Paper presented at International ANSYS Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, May 2–5.
  • Kilkis, Í. B., S. S. Sager, and M. Uludag. 1994b. “A Simplified Model for Radiant Heating and Cooling Panels.” Simulation Practice and Theory 2 (2): 61–76. doi: 10.1016/0928-4869(94)90014-0
  • Kim, T., D. Song, S. Kato, and S. Murakami. 2007. “Two-Step Optimal Design Method Using Genetic Algorithms and CFD-Coupled Simulation for Indoor Thermal Environments.” Applied Thermal Engineering 27 (1): 3–11. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.05.022
  • Koschenz, M., and V. Dorer. 1999. “Interaction of an Air System with Concrete Core Conditioning.” Energy and Buildings 30 (2): 139–145. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00081-4
  • Kosonen, R., P. Saarinen, H. Koskela, and A. Hole. 2010. “Impact of Heat Load Location and Strength on Air Flow Pattern with a Passive Chilled Beam System.” Energy and Buildings 42 (1): 34–42. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.07.008
  • Kreider, F. J., and F. Kreith. 1981. Solar Energy Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Loveday, D. L., K. C. Parsons, A. H. Taki, and S. G. Hodder. 2002. “Displacement Ventilation Environments with Chilled Ceilings: Thermal Comfort Design within the Context of the BS EN ISO7730 versus Adaptive Debate.” Energy and Buildings 34 (6): 573–579. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00007-5
  • Min, T. C., L. F. Schutrum, G. V. Parmelee, and J. D. Vouris. 1956. “Natural Convection and Radiation in a Panel Heated Room.” ASHRAE Transactions 62: 337–358.
  • Montgomery, D. 2001. Design and Analysis of Experiments. 5th ed. New York: Wiley.
  • Moore, T., F. Bauman, and C. Huizenga. 2006. Radiant Cooling Research Scoping Study. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Built Environment (CBE), University of California.
  • Morton, B. R., G. I. Taylor, and J. S. Turner. 1956. “Turbulent Gravitational Convection from Maintained and Instantaneous Sources.” Proceedings of Royal Society A 234: 1–23. doi: 10.1098/rspa.1956.0011
  • Mossolly, M., K. Ghali, N. Ghaddar, and L. Jensen. 2008. “Optimized Operation of Combined Chilled Ceiling Displacement Ventilation System Using Genetic Algorithm.” ASHRAE Transactions 114 (2): 541–554.
  • Nagano, K., and T. Mochida. 2004. “Experiments on Thermal Environmental Design of Ceiling Radiant Cooling for Supine Human Subjects.” Building and Environment 39 (3): 267–275. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2003.08.011
  • Natural Resources Canada. Accessed August 12, 2013. www.nrcan.gc.ca/science/story/3725
  • Niu, J. L. 1994. “Modelling of Cooled-Ceiling Air-Conditioning Systems – Influences on Indoor Environment and Energy Consumption”. PhD diss., Delft University of Technology, Netherlands. Niu, J. L., and J. V. D. Kooi. 1993. “Dynamic Simulation of Combination of Evaporative Cooling with Cooled Ceiling Systems for Office Room Cooling”. Paper presented at Proc. Building Simulation ’93 – Third Int. Conf., Adelaide, Australia, August 16–18.
  • Niu, J. L., J. V. D. Kooi, and H. V. D. Rhee. 1995. “Energy Saving Possibilities with Cooled-Ceiling Systems.” Energy and Buildings 23 (2): 147–158. doi: 10.1016/0378-7788(95)00937-X
  • Niu, J. L., L. Z. Zhang, and H. G. Zuo. 2002. “Energy Savings Potential of Chilled-Ceiling Combined with Desiccant Cooling in Hot and Humid Climates.” Energy and Buildings 34 (5): 487–495. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00132-3
  • Niu, J. L., H. G. Zuo, and J. Burnett. 2001. “Simulation Methodology of Radiant Cooling with Elevated Air Movement”. Paper presented at 7th International IBPSA Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 13–15.
  • Novoselac, A., B. J. Burley, and J. Srebric. 2006. “New Convection Correlations for Cooled Ceiling Panels in Room with Mixed and Stratified Airflow.” HVAC&R Research 12 (2): 279–294. doi: 10.1080/10789669.2006.10391179
  • Okamoto, S., H. Kitora, H. Yamaguchi, and T. Oka. 2010. “A Simplified Calculation Method for Estimating Heat Flux From Ceiling Radiant Panels.” Energy and Buildings 42 (1): 29–33. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.07.007
  • Okamoto, S., M. Miura, H. Yamaguchi, K. Omoto, M. Takaoka, and T. Oka. 2008. “Comparison Between the Calculation Method for Estimating Heat Fluxes of Radiation and Convection of Ceiling Radiant Panels and Experiment Data.” Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 73 (624): 221–227. doi: 10.3130/aije.73.221
  • Oxizidis, S., and A. M. Papadopoulos. 2013. “Performance of Radiant Cooling Surfaces with Respect to Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort.” Energy and Buildings 57: 199–209. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.047
  • Price. Accessed August 12, 2013. www.price-hvac.com
  • Raftery, P., K. H. Lee, T. Webster, and F. Bauman. 2012. “Performance Analysis of an Integrated UFAD and Radiant Hydronic Slab System.” Applied Energy 90 (1): 250–257. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.02.014
  • Rees, S. J., and P. Haves. 2001. “A Nodal Model for Displacement Ventilation and Chilled Ceiling Systems in Office Spaces.” Building and Environment 36 (6): 753–762. doi: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00067-6
  • Rees, S. J., and P. Haves. 2013. “An Experimental Study of Air Flow and Temperature Distribution in a Room with Displacement Ventilation and a Chilled Ceiling.” Building and Environment 59: 358–368. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.09.001
  • Roth, K. W., D. Westphalen, J. Dieckmann, S. D. Hamilton, and W. Goetzler. 2002. Energy Consumption Characteristics of Commercial Building HVAC Systems Volume III: Energy Savings Potential. Report No. DE-AC01-96CE23798. Cambridge: Department of Energy (DOE).
  • S&P Coil Products Ltd. Accessed August 12, 2013. www.spcoils.co.uk
  • SAS International. Accessed August 12, 2013. www.sasint.co.uk.
  • Schellen, L., M. G. L. C. Loomans, M. H. de Wit, B. W. Olesen, and W. D. V. M. Lichtenbelt. 2012. “The Influence of Local Effects on Thermal Sensation under Non-uniform Environmental Conditions — Gender Differences in Thermophysiology, Thermal Comfort and Productivity During Convective and Radiant Cooling.” Physiology & Behavior 107 (2): 252–261. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.07.008
  • Stetiu, C. 1999. “Energy and Peak Power Savings Potential of Radiant Cooling Systems in US Commercial Buildings.” Energy and Buildings 30 (2): 127–138. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00080-2
  • Stetiu, C., H. E. Feustel, and F. C. Winkelmann. 1995. Development of a Simulation Tool to Evaluate the Performance of Radiant Cooling Ceilings. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
  • Strand, R. K., and K. T. Baumgartner. 2005. “Modeling Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems: Integration with a Whole-Building Simulation Program.” Energy and Buildings 37 (4): 389–397. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.07.009
  • Strand, R. K., and C. O. Pederson. 2002. “Modeling Radiant Systems in an Integrated Heat Balance Based Energy Simulation Program.” ASHRAE Transactions 108 (2): 1–9.
  • Taki, A. H., L. Jalil, and D. L. Loveday. 2011. “Experimental and Computational Investigation into Suppressing Natural Convection in Chilled Ceiling/Displacement Ventilation Environments.” Energy and Buildings 43 (11): 3082–3089. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.002
  • Tian, Z., X. Yin, Y. Ding, and C. Zhang. 2012. “Research on the Actual Cooling Performance of Ceiling Radiant Panel.”jEnergy and Buildings 47: 636–642.
  • TROX USA. Accessed August 12, 2013. www.troxusa.com
  • Tye-Gingras, M., and L. Gosselin. 2011. “Investigation on Heat Transfer Modeling Assumptions for Radiant Panels with Serpentine Layout.” Energy and Buildings 43 (7): 1598–1608. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.03.004
  • Wang, X., J. Niu, and A. H. C. van Paassen. 2008. “Raising Evaporative Cooling Potentials Using Combined Cooled Ceiling and MPCM Slurry Storage.” Energy and Buildings 40 (9): 1691–1698. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.02.028
  • Weber, T., and G. Jóhannesson. 2005. “An Optimized RC-Network for Thermally Activated Building Components.” Building and Environment 40 (1): 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.04.012
  • Weber, T., G. Jóhannesson, M. Koschenz, B. Lehmann, and T. Baumgartner. 2005. “Validation of a FEM-Program (Frequency-Domain) and a Simplified RC-Model (Time-Domain) for Thermally Activated Building Component Systems (TABS) Using Measurement Data.” Energy and Buildings 37 (7): 707–724. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.10.005
  • Yuge, T. 1960. “Experiments on Heat Transfer From Spheres Including Combined Natural and Forced Convection.” Transfer ASME Journal of Heat Transfer 82 (3): 214–220. doi: 10.1115/1.3679912
  • Zhang, L. Z., and J. L. Niu. 2003. “Indoor Humidity Behaviors Associated with Decoupled Cooling in Hot and Humid Climates.” Building and Environment 38 (1): 99–107. doi: 10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00018-5

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.