“Who Cares?”: Young Adolescents’ Perceived Barriers to Civic Action

References

• Andolina, M. W., Jenkins, K., Zukin, C., & Keeter, S. (2003). Habits from home, lessons from school: Influences on youth civic engagement. Political Science and Politics, 36(2), 275–280. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S104909650300221X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avery, P. G. (2007). Civic education in the United States: Increased challenges. Citizenship Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 22–39.
   Google Scholar
• Avery, P. G., Bird, K., Johnstone, S., Sullivan, J. L., & Thalhammer, K. (1992). Exploring political tolerance with adolescents. Theory & Research in Social Education, 20(4), 386–420. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1992.10505680
   Google Scholar
• Baiocchi, G., Cordner, A., Savell, S., Bennett, E. A., & Klein, P. (2013). Civic imagination: Making a difference in American political life (1st ed.). Taylor & Francis. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315635569
   Google Scholar
• Balsano, A. B. (2005). Youth civic engagement in the United States: Understanding and addressing the impact of social impediments on positive youth and community development. Applied Developmental Science, 9(4), 188–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532480xads0904_2
   Google Scholar
• Beane, J. A. (1990). A middle school curriculum: From rhetoric to reality. National Middle School Association.
   Google Scholar
• Biesta, G., & Lawy, R. (2006). From teaching citizenship to learning democracy: Overcoming individualism in research, policy and practice. Cambridge Journal of Education, 36(1), 63–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03057640500490981
   Google Scholar
• Biesta, G., Lawy, R., & Kelly, N. (2009). Understanding young people’s citizenship learning in everyday life: The role of contexts, relationships and dispositions. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 4(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1746197908099374
   Google Scholar
• Bishop, P. A., & Harrison, L. M. (2021). The successful middle school: This we believe. Association for Middle Level Education.
   Google Scholar
• Blevins, B., LeCompte, K. N., & Bauml, M. (2018). Developing students’ understandings of citizenship and advocacy through action civics. Social Studies Research & Practice (Emerald Publishing), 13(2), 185–198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/SSRP-02-2018-0009
   Google Scholar
• Blevins, B., LeCompte, K., & Wells, S. (2016). Innovations in civic education: Developing civic agency through action civics. Theory & Research in Social Education, 44(3), 344–384. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2016.1203853
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobek, D., Zaff, J., Li, Y., & Lerner, R. M. (2009). Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components of civic action: Towards an integrated measure of civic engagement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(5), 615–627. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2009.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camino, L. (2005). Pitfalls and promising practices of youth-adult partnerships: An evaluator’s reflections. Journal of Community Psychology, 33(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camino, L., & Zeldin, S. (2002). From periphery to center: Pathways for youth civic engagement in the day-to-day life of communities. Applied Developmental Science, 6(4), 213–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532480XADS0604_8
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. E., Levinson, M., & Hess, F. M. (2012). Making civics count: Citizenship education for a new generation. Harvard Education Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carretero, M., Haste, H., & Bermudez, A. (2015). Civic education. In L. Corno & E. Anderman Eds., Handbook of educational psychology (3rd ed., pp. 295–308). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315688244
   Google Scholar
• Castro, A. J., & Knowles, R. (2017). Democratic citizenship education: Research across multiple landscapes and contexts. In M. M. Manfra, and C. M. Bolick Eds., The Wiley Handbook of Social Studies Research (pp. 287–318). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning & Engagement (CIRCLE). (2013). Civic learning through action: The case of generation citizen. Tufts University. http://www.civicyouth.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/07/Generation-Citizen-Fact-Sheet-July-1-Final.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chiodo, J. J., & Martin, L. A. (2005). What do students have to say about citizenship? An analysis of the concept of citizenship among secondary education students. Journal of Social Studies Research, 29(1), 23–31.
   Google Scholar
• Clay, K. L., & Rubin, B. C. (2020). “I look deep into this stuff because it’s a part of me”: Toward a critically relevant civics education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 48(2), 161–181. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2019.1680466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• DeMink-Carthew, J. (2018). Middle grades democratic education in neoliberal times: Examining youth social action projects as a path forward. Middle Grades Review, 4(2), 1–17. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/mgreview/vol4/iss2/8
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, L., Pasek, J., Romer, D., & Jamieson, K. H. (2007). Identifying best practices in civic education: Lessons from the student voices program. American Journal of Education, 114(1), 75–100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/520692
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan, C. A., Syvertsen, A. K., & Stout, M. D. (2007). Civic measurement models: Tapping adolescents’ civic engagement. The Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning & Engagement. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED497602.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fox, M., Mediratta, K., Rugus, J., Stoudt, B., Shah, S., & Fine, M. (2010). Critical youth engagement: Participatory action research and organizing. In L. R. Sherrod, J. Torney-Purta, & C. A. Flanagan (Eds.), Handbook of research on civic engagement in youth (pp. 621–649). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Godfrey, E. B., & Grayman, J. K. (2014). Teaching citizens: The role of open classroom climate in fostering critical consciousness among youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(11), 1801–1817. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0084-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, S., Burke, K. J., & McKenna, M. K. (2016). Youth voices, public spaces, and civic engagement (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315668376
   Google Scholar
• Hart, S., & Wandeler, C. (2018). The impact of action civics service-learning on eighth-grade students’ civic outcomes. International Journal of Research on Service-Learning and Community Engagement, 6(1), 1–17. https://ijrslce.scholasticahq.com/
   Google Scholar
• Hess, D. (2002). Discussing controversial public issues in secondary social studies classrooms: Learning from skilled teachers. Theory & Research in Social Education, 30(1), 10–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2002.10473177
   Google Scholar
• Hess, D. (2004). Controversies about controversial issues in democratic education. Political Science and Politics, 37(2), 257–261. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096504004196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickey, M. G. (2002). Why did I get an “A” in citizenship? An ethnographic study of emerging concepts of citizenship. Journal of Social Studies Research, 26(2), 3.
   Google Scholar
• Hoang, H. (2013). Mitigating barriers to civic engagement for low-income, minority youth ages 13-18: Best practices from environmental youth conferences. Journal of Youth Development, 8(3), 95–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5195/JYD.2013.87
   Google Scholar
• Journell, W. (2010). Standardizing citizenship: The potential influence of state curriculum standards on the civic development of adolescents. PS, Political Science & Politics, 43(2), 351–358. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096510000272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight-Abowitz, K., & Harnish, J. (2006). Contemporary discourses of citizenship. Review of Educational Research, 76(4), 653–690. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543076004653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kymlicka, W., & Norman, W. (1994). Return of the citizen: A survey of recent work on citizenship theory. Ethics, 104(2), 352–381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/293605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levinson, M. (2012). No citizen left behind. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Levinson, M. (2014). Citizenship and civic education. In D. C. Philips (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational theory and philosophy (pp. 1–12). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Linsky, A. C. V., Hatchimonji, D. R., Kruzik, C. L., Kifer, S., Franza, N., McClain, K., … Elias, M. J. (2018). Students taking action together: Social action in urban middle schools. Middle School Journal, 49(4), 4–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2018.1488469
   Google Scholar
• Loewen, J. W. (2007). Lies my teacher told me: Everything your American history textbook got wrong (Touchstone trade pbk. ed.). Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Magill, K. R. (2019). Critically civic teacher perception, posture and pedagogy: Negating civic archetypes. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 43(2), 159–176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2018.09.005
   Google Scholar
• Magill, K., & Rodriguez, A. (2021). Teaching as intellectual solidarity. Critical Education, 12(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14288/ce.v12i1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malin, H., Ballard, P. J., & Damon, W. (2015). Civic purpose: An integrated construct for understanding civic development in adolescence. Human Development, 58(2), 103–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1159/000381655
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBride, A. M., Sherraden, M. S., & Pritzker, S. (2006). Civic engagement among low-income and low-wealth families: In their words. Family Relations, 55(2), 152–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00366.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, T. H. (1992). Citizenship, diversity and education: A philosophical perspective. Journal of Moral Education, 21(3), 235–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724920210307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Middaugh, E., & Kahne, J. (2008). Civic development in context: The influence of local contexts on high school students’ beliefs about civic engagement. In J. S. Bixby & J. L. Pace (Eds.), Educating democratic citizens in troubled times: Qualitative studies of current efforts (pp. 157–191). SUNY Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Drawing valid meaning from qualitative data: Toward a shared craft. Educational Researcher, 13(5), 20–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X013005020
   Google Scholar
• Moll, L. C., Amanti, C., Neff, D., & Gonzalez, N. (1992). Funds of knowledge for teaching: Using a qualitative approach to connect homes and classrooms. Theory Into Practice, 31(2), 132–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849209543534
   Google Scholar
• Niemi, R. G., & Junn, J. (1998). Civic education and students’ knowledge. Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ong, A., Dominguez, V. R., Friedman, J., Schiller, N. G., Stolcke, V., & Ying, H. (1996). Cultural citizenship as subject-making: Immigrants negotiate racial and cultural boundaries in the United States [and Comments and Reply]. Current Anthropology, 37(5), 737–762. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/204560
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, W. (2003). Teaching democracy unity and diversity in public life. Teacher’s College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, W. (2008). Knowing and doing in democratic citizenship education. In L. S. Levstik & C. A. Tyson (Eds.), Handbook of research in social studies education (pp. 65–80). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, N. C. (2010). What’s stopping you?: Classroom censorship for better or worse. Social Education, 74(6), 326–331. https://www.socialstudies.org/social-education/74/6/whats-stopping-you-classroom-censorship-better-or-worse
   Google Scholar
• Power, A. M. R., Roney, K., & Power, F. C. (2008). Orienting to the public good: Developing a moral self in the middle grades. Research in Middle Level Education Online, 31(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19404476.2008.11462049
   Google Scholar
• Quinn, B., & Bauml, M. (2018). Cultivating a mindset of civic engagement among young adolescents. Journal of Social Studies Research, 42(2), 185–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2017.05.003
   Google Scholar
• Romero, M., London, J., & Erbstein, N. (2010). Opportunities and challenges for youth civic engagement. Center for Regional Change. https://regionalchange.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk986/files/inline-files/Youth_Civic_Engagement.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rupenthal, M., & Furuness, S. (2020). Middle school curriculum aimed at developing agents of change. Middle School Journal, 51(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2019.1689775
   Google Scholar
• Saldaña, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E. S. (1999). The effects of investments in the social capital of youth on political and civic behavior in young adulthood: A longitudinal analysis. Political Psychology, 20(3), 553–580. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swan, K., Barton, K. C., Buckles, S., Burke, F., Charkins, J., Grant, S. G., … Wiesner-Hanks, M. (2013). The college, career, and civic life (C3) framework for social studies state standards: Guidance for enhancing the rigor of K–12 civics, economics, geography, and history. National Council for the Social Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Toledo, W. (2019). Civic perspective-taking: Examining how young children engage with locally relevant public issues. Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 14(3), 277–305. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00011_1
   Google Scholar
• Torney-Purta, J., & Amadeo, J.-A. (2011). Participatory niches for emergent citizenship in early adolescence: An international perspective. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 633(1), 180–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716210384220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torney-Purta, J., & Vermeer Lopez, S. (2006). Developing citizenship competencies from kindergarten through grade 12: A background paper for policymakers and educators. Education Commission of the States.
   Google Scholar
• van Kessel, C., & Crowley, R. M. (2017). Villainification and Evil in Social Studies Education. Theory & Research in Social Education, 45(4), 427–455. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2017.1285734
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voight, A., & Torney-Purta, J. (2013). A typology of youth civic engagement in urban middle schools. Applied Developmental Science, 17(4), 198–212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2013.836041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westheimer, J. (2015). What kind of citizen? Educating our children for the common good. Teachers College Press. https://www.ascd.org/el/articles/what-kind-of-citizens-do-we-need
   Google Scholar
• Westheimer, J. (2017). What kind of citizens do we need? Educational Leadership, 75(3), 12–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westheimer, J., & Kahne, J. (2004). What kind of citizen? The politics of educating for democracy. American Educational Research Journal, 41(2), 237–269. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312041002237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, B. E., Taylor, R., Atkins, R., & Johnston, M. (2018). Pedagogies for active citizenship: Learning through affective and cognitive domains for deeper democratic engagement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 75, 259–267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wray-Lake, L., Rote, W. M., Benavides, C. M., & Victorino, C. (2014). Examining developmental transitions in civic engagement across adolescence: Evidence from a national U.S. sample. International Journal of Developmental Science, 8(3–4), 95–104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-14142
   Google Scholar
• Zinn, H. (2015). A people’s history of the United States (Thirty-fifth anniversary ed.). HarperPerennial.
   Google Scholar