The World Anti-Doping Agency: constructing a hybrid organisation in permanent stress (dis)order?

References

• Althusser , L. 1970 . “ Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (notes towards an investigation) ” . In Lenin and philosophy and other essays , 127 – 186 . New York : Monthly Review Press .
   Google Scholar
• Andersen , N.Å. 1999/2003 . “ Diskursive analysestrategier ” . In Nyt fra Samfundsavidenskaberne, Frederiksberg [Discursive analytical strategies: understanding Foucault, Koselleck, Laclau, Luhmann] , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Andersen , N.Å. and Born , A. W. 2007 . Heterophony and the postponed organization – organizing autopoietic systems . Tamara: journal for critical organization inquiry , 6 ( 1 & 2 ) : 176 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Backhouse , S. 2007 . International literature review: attitudes, behaviours, knowledge and education – drugs in sport. Past, present and future , Prepared for the World Anti-Doping Agency by the Carnegie Research Institute, Leeds Metropolitan University .
   Google Scholar
• Bette , K. H. 1999 . Systemtheorie und Sport , Frankfurt : Suhrkamp .
   Google Scholar
• Bette , K. H. and Schimank , U. 1995 . Doping im Hochleistungssport , Frankfurt : Suhrkamp .
   Google Scholar
• Bette , K. H. and Schimank , U. 1996 . Coping mit Doping: die Sportsverbände im Organisationsstress . Sportswissenschaft , 4 : 357 – 382 .
   Google Scholar
• Borch , C. 2005 . Systemic power: Luhmann, Foucault and analytics of power . Acta sociologica , 48 ( 2 ) : 155 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyes , S. 2001 . “ The International Olympic Committee, transnational doping policy and globalisation ” . In Drugs and doping in sport. Socio-legal perspectives , Edited by: O'Leary , J. 167 – 180 . London/Sydney : Cavendish Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Brewer , B. D. 2002 . Commercialisation in professional cycling 1950–2001: institutional transformation and the rationalization of ‘doping’ . Sociology of sport journal , 19 : 276 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiansen , A. 2005 . The legacy of Festina. Patterns of drug use in European cycling since 1999 . Sport in history , 25 ( 3 ) : 497 – 514 .
   Google Scholar
• Dimeo , P. 2007 . A history of drug use in sport – beyond good and evil , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Emirbayer , M. 1997 . Manifesto for a relational sociology . American journal of sociology , 2 : 281 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Ferstle , J. 2001 . “ World Conference on Doping in Sport ” . In Doping in elite sport – the politics of drugs in the Olympic movement , Edited by: Wilson , W. and Derse , E. 275 – 286 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Foster , K. 2001 . “ The discourses of doping: law and regulation in the war against drugs ” . In Drugs and doping in sport. Socio-legal perspectives , Edited by: O'Leary , J. 181 – 204 . London/Sydney : Cavendish Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Hanstad , D. V. 2008 . Drug scandal and organizational change with the International Ski Federation: a figurational approach . European sport management quarterly , 8 ( 4 ) : 379 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanstad , D. V. and Loland , S. 2005 . What is efficient doping control? , Oslo : Norwegian School of Sport Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Hanstad , D. V. , Smith , A. and Waddington , I. 2008 . The establishment of the World Anti-Doping Agency: a study of the management of organisational change and unplanned outcome . International review for the sociology of sport , 43 ( 3 ) : 227 – 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoberman , J. 2001 . “ How drug testing fails: the politics of doping control ” . In Doping in elite sport – the politics of drugs in the Olympic movement , Edited by: Wilson , W. and Derse , E. 241 – 274 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Hoberman , J. 2005 . Testosterone dreams , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hoff , D. , 2004 , Sociale styringsformer och antidopningspolicy – en rättssociologisk forskningsstrategi tillämpad på antidopningsarbetet inom idrotten [Social steeringforms and anti-doping policy – a legal-sociological research strategy on the anti-doping work in sport]. Published at: www.idrottsforum.org, 23 November, Malmö
   Google Scholar
• Houlihan , B. 2001 . “ The World Anti-Doping Agency: prospects for success ” . In Drugs and doping in sport. Socio-legal perspectives , Edited by: O'Leary , J. 125 – 145 . London/Sydney : Cavendish Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Houlihan , B. 2002 . Dying to win – doping in sport and the development of anti-doping policy , 2nd , Strasbourg : Council of Europe Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Houlihan , B. 2004 . Civil rights, doping control and the World Anti-Doping Code . Sport in society , 7 ( 3 ) : 420 – 437 .
   Google Scholar
• Jessop , B. 1990 . State theory – putting capitalist states in their place , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jessop , B. 2000 . Globalisering og interaktiv styring [Globalisation and governance] , Frederiksberg : Roskilde Universitetsforlag .
   Google Scholar
• Kolata, G., 2008. Study shows problems with Olympic-style tests. New York Times , 26 June. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/sports/olympics/26doping.html?_r=2&sq=lundby&st=nyt&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&scp=1&adxnnlx=1214552733-+MjVz9Vn408dKjZg3WUBrw
   Google Scholar
• Lausanne Declaration on Doping in Sport, Adopted by the World Conference on Doping in Sport, 4 February 1999. Lausanne, Switzerland. http://www.sportunterricht.de/lksport/Declaration_e.html
   Google Scholar
• Lieckweg , T. 2001 . Strukturelle Kopplung von Funktionssystemen ‘über’ Organisation . Soziale systeme , 2 : 267 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Luhmann , N. 1984/2000 . Sociale Systemer – Grundrids til en almen teori. København: Hans Reitzels Forlag. [Originally published title: Soziale Systeme – Grundriss einer allgemeinen Theorie. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1984.]
   Google Scholar
• Luhmann , N. 1995 . “ Instead of a preface to the English edition: on the concepts ‘subject’ and ‘action’ ” . In Social Systems , xxxvii – xliv . Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Luhmann , N. 1997 . Limits of steering . Theory, Culture & Society , 1 : 41 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Luhmann , N. 1998 . “ Der Staat des politischen Systems ” . In Perspektiven der Weltgesellschaft , Edited by: Beck , U. 345 – 380 . Frankfurt : Suhrkamp .
   Google Scholar
• Luhmann , N. 2003 . “ Organization ” . In Autopoietic organization theory – drawing on Niklas Luhmann's social systems perspective , Edited by: Bakken , T. and Hernes , T. 31 – 52 . Abstract, Liber, Oslo : Copenhagen Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lundby , C. , Achman-Andersen , N. J. , Juhl Thomsen , J. , Nørgaard , A. M. and Robach , P. 2008 . Testing for recombinant human erythropoietin in urine: problems associated with current anti doping testing . Journal of applied physiology , 105 : 417 – 419 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malcolm , D. and Waddington , I. 2008 . ‘No systematic doping in football’: a critical review . Soccer & society , 9 ( 2 ) : 198 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Miah , A. 2002 . Governance, harmonisation & genetics: the World Anti-Doping Agency and its European connections . European sport management quarterly , 2 : 350 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Miah , A. 2005 . From anti-doping to a ‘performance policy’, sport technology, being human, and doing ethics . European journal of sport science , 1 : 51 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, G.J., 2007. Report to the Commissioner of Baseball of an independent investigation into the illegal use of steroids and other performance enhancing substances by players in Major League Baseball. http://files.mlb.com/mitchrpt.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Møller , V. 2004 . “ The Anti-Doping campaign – farewell to the ideals of modernity? ” . In Doping and Public Policy , Edited by: Hoberman , J. and Møller , V. 145 – 160 . Odense : University Press of Southern Denmark .
   Google Scholar
• Park , J.-K. 2005 . Governing doped bodies: the World Anti-Doping Agency and the global culture of surveillance . Cultural studies><critical methodologies , 5 ( 2 ) : 174 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Parsons , T. 1971 . “ Theoretical orientations ” . In The system of modern societies , 4 – 28 . Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Reuters, 2007. John Fahey is new WADA boss. The Sydney Morning Herald , 18 November 2007. http://www.smh.com.au/news/sport/john-fahey-is-new-wada-boss/2007/11/18/1195321577269.html
   Google Scholar
• Rosewitz , B. and Schimank , U. 1988 . “ Verselbständigung und politische Steuerbarkeit gesellschaftlicher Teilsysteme ” . In Differenzierung und Verselbständigung – Zur Entwicklung gesellschaftlicher Teilsysteme , Edited by: Mayntz , R. 295 – 329 . Frankfurt : Campus Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Schimank , U. 1995 . “ Die Autonomie des Sports in der modernen Gesellschaft ” . In Soziologie des Sports – Theoriansätze, Forschungsergebnisse und Forschungsperspektiven , Edited by: Winkler , J. and Weis , K. 59 – 71 . Opladen : Westdeutscher Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Schimank , U. 2002/2006 . “ Feindliche Übernahmen': Typen intersystemischer Autonomiebedrohungen in der modernen Gesellschaft ” . In Teilsystemische Autonomie und politische Gesellschaftssteurung – Beiträge zur akteurzentrierten Differenzierungstheorie , Vol. 2 , 71 – 83 . Wiesbaden , VL : Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften .
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , A. J. and Butcher , R. 2000 . “ A philosophical overview of the arguments on banning doping in sport ” . In Values in sport , Edited by: Tännsjö , T. and Tamburrini , C. 185 – 199 . London : Spon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Skaset , H. B. 2004 . “ Problems and prospects of the anti-doping campaign ” . In Doping and public policy , Edited by: Hoberman , J. and Møller , V. 91 – 100 . Odense : University Press of Southern Denmark .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , B. and Smith , A. C.T. 2008 . Drug use in sport – implications for public policy . Journal of sport & social issues , 32 ( 3 ) : 278 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stichweh , R. 1987 . “ Die Autopoiesis der Wissenschaft ” . In Theorie als Passion – Niklas Luhmann zum 60. Geburtstag , Edited by: Baecker , D. 447 – 481 . Frankfurt : Suhrkamp .
   Google Scholar
• Stichweh , R. 1990 . Sport - Ausdifferenzierung, Funktion, Code . Sportswissenschaft , 20 : 373 – 389 .
   Google Scholar
• Tamburrini , C. 2000 . “ What's wrong with doping? ” . In Values in sport , Edited by: Tännsjö , T. and Tamburrini , C. 200 – 216 . London : Spon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tangen , J.-O. 2004 . Hvordan er idrett mulig? Skisse til en idrettssociologi [How is sport possible? An outline for a sociology of sport] , Kristiansand : HøyskoleForlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Teubner , G. 1991 . “ Autopoiesis and steering: how politics profit from the normative surplus of capital ” . In Autopoiesis and configuration theory: new approaches to societal steering , Edited by: ´T Veld , R. 127 – 141 . Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Teubner, G., 2002. Hybrid laws: constitutionalizing private governance networks. In : R. Kagan and K. Winston, ed. Legality and community . Berkeley, CA: Public Policy Press, 311–331. http://www.jura.unifrankfurt.de/ifawz1/teubner/dokumente/hybrid_law.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Teubner , G. 2007 . In the blind spot – the hybridization of contracting . Theoretical inquiries of law , 8 : 51 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Thyssen , O. 2000 . Luhmann og Sporten . Distinktion , 1 : 45 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport, Paris, October 2005. http://www.kum.dk/graphics/kum/downloads/Lovgivning/UNESCOkonventioner/Den%20internationale%20konvention%20mod%20doping%20i%20idr%E6t/UNESCO_Convention.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Verroken , M. 2005 . “ Drug use and abuse in sport ” . In Drugs in sport , 4th , Edited by: Mottram , D. R. 29 – 63 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Verroken , M. and Mottram , D. R. 2005 . “ Doping control in sport ” . In Drugs in sport , 4th , Edited by: Mottram , D. R. 309 – 356 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Vrijmann , E. N. 2001 . “ Harmonisation: a bridge too far? A commentary on current issues and problems ” . In Drugs and doping in sport. Socio-legal perspectives , Edited by: O'Leary , J. 147 – 166 . London/Sydney : Cavendish Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Waddington , I. 2000 . “ Doping in sport – a case study of cycling and the 1998 Tour de France ” . In Sport, health and drugs – a critical sociological perspective , 153 – 169 . London : E & FN Spon .
   Google Scholar
• World Anti-Doping Agency, 2003. World Anti-Doping Code , Copenhagen, March. http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/code_v3.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Anti-Doping Agency, 2007. World Anti-Doping Code , Madrid, November. http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/code_v2009_En.pdf
   Google Scholar