Including a relationship-focus in paediatric occupational therapy interventions: Introducing the PAIR Model

References

• Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1979). Infant-mother attachment. The American Psychologist, 34(10), 932–937. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M., & Stayton, D. J. (1971). Individual differences in strange situation behaviour of one-year-olds. In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), The origins of human social relations (pp. 17–58). New York,NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ainsworth, M. D., Blehar, M. C., & Water, E. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, S. L., Frederico, M., & Long, M. (2018). Attachment and children with disabilities: Knowledge and views of early intervention professionals. Children Australia, 43(4), 245–254. doi:10.1017/cha.2018.38
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkins-Burnett, S., & Allen-Meares, P. (2000). Infants and toddlers with disabilities: Relationship-based approaches. Social Work, 45(4), 371–379. doi:10.1093/sw/45.4.371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson, L., Chisholm, V., Scott, B., Goldberg, S., Vaughn, B. B., Dickens, J., and Tam, F. (1999). Maternal sensitivity, child functional level, and attachment in Down Syndrome. In J. I. Vondra & D. Barnett (Eds.), Atypical Attachment in Infancy and Early Childhood AinsworthAmong Children at Developmental Risk: Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (Vol. 64, pp. 45–66). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, B. L., McIntyre, L. L., Blacher, J., Crnic, K., Edelbrock, C., & Low, C. (2003). Pre-school children with and without developmental delay: Behavioural problems and parenting stress over time. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47(4–5), 217–230. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00484.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barfoot, J., Meredith, P., Ziviani, J., & Whittingham, K. (2015). Relationship-based parenting to support developmental outcomes for a young child with cerebral palsy: A practice application. The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(10), 640–643. doi:10.1177/0308022615583304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barfoot, J., Meredith, P., Ziviani, J., & Whittingham, K. (2016). Relationship-based approaches in early childhood intervention: Are these applicable to paediatric occupational therapy under the NDIS? Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 64(3), 273–276. doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barfoot, J., Meredith, P., Ziviani, J., & Whittingham, K. (2017). Parent‐child interactions and children with cerebral palsy: An exploratory study investigating emotional availability, functional ability, and parent distress. Child: Care, Health and Development, 43(6), 812–822. doi:10.1111/cch.12493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barfoot, J., Meredith, P., Ziviani, J., & Whittingham, K. (2022). PlayConnections: Relationship-focussed early childhood intervention training for allied health practitioners. International Journal of Disability Development and Education, 69(1), 217–238. doi:10.1080/1034912X.2021.1955334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby, J. (1969/1984). Attachment and loss.Vol.1: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Case-Smith, J. (2013). Systematic review of interventions to promote social-emotional development in young children with or at risk for disability. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(4), 395–404. doi:10.5014/ajot.2013.004713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case-Smith, J., Clark, G. J. F., & Schlabach, T. L. (2013). Systematic review of interventions used in occupational therapy to promote motor performance for children ages birth–5 years. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(4), 413–424. doi:10.5014/ajot.2013.005959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case-Smith, J., & O’Brien, J. C. (2010). Occupational therapy for children. Maryland Heights, MI: Mosby Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Chiarello, L. A., & Palisano, R. J. (1998). Investigation of the effects of a model of physical therapy on mother-child interactions and the motor behaviors of children with motor delay. Physical Therapy, 78(2), 180–194. doi:10.1093/ptj/78.2.180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comfort, M., & Gordon, P. (2006). The Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale (KIPS): A practical observational assessment of parenting behavior. NHSA Dialog A Research-To-Practice Journal for the Early Intervention Field, 9(1), 22–48. doi:10.1207/s19309325nhsa0901_4
   Google Scholar
• Di Rezze, B., Law, M., Eva, K., Pollock, N., & Willem Gorter, J. (2014). Therapy behaviours in paediatric rehabilitation: Essential attributes for intervention with children with physical disabilities. Disability and rehabilitation, 36(1), 16–22. doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.775358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dirks, T., Blauw-Hospers, C. H., Hulshof, L. J., & Hadders-Algra, M. (2011). Differences between the family-centered “COPCA” program and traditional infant physical therapy based on neurodevelopmental treatment principles. Physical Therapy, 91(9), 1303–1322. doi:10.2522/ptj.20100207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolev, S., Oppenheim, D., Koren-Karie, N., & Nurit Yirmiya, N. (2009). Emotional availability in mother-child interaction: The case of children with autism spectrum disorders. Parenting, Science and Practice, 9(3–4), 183–197. doi:10.1080/15295190902844332
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake, K., Belsky, J., & Fearon, R. J. D. (2014). From early attachment to engagement with learning in school: The role of self-regulation and persistence. Developmental Psychology, 50(5), 1350. doi:10.1037/a0032779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dujardin, A., Santens, T., Braet, C., De Raedt, R., Vos, P., Maes, B., & Bosmans, G. (2016). Middle childhood support-seeking behaviour during stress: Links with self-reported attachment and future depressive symptoms. Child Development, 87(1), 326–340. doi:10.1111/cdev.12491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earhart, J., & Zamora, I. (2015). The Development of an Intervention Using Relationship-Based Strategies to Promote Positive Learning Habits. Infants & Young Children: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Early Childhood Intervention, 28(1), 32–45. doi:10.1097/IYC.0000000000000023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Early Childhood Intervention Australia, 2016. National guidelines: Best practice in early childhood intervention. https://www.eciavic.org.au/documents/item/1419
   Google Scholar
• Fraiberg, S. (1980). Clinical studies in infant mental health: The first year of life. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Fraiberg, S. (1982). Pathological defenses in infancy. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 51(4), 612–635. doi:10.1080/21674086.1982.11927012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraiberg, S., Adelson, E., & Shapiro, V. (1975). Ghosts in the nursery: A psychoanalytic approach to the problem of impaired infant–mother relationships. Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 14(3), 387–422. doi:10.1016/S0002-7138(09)61442-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanzlik, J. R. (1989). The effect of intervention on the free-play experience for mothers and their infants with developmental delay and cerebral palsy. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 9(2), 33–51. doi:10.1300/J006v09n02_04
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heffron, M. C. (2000). Clarifying concepts of infant mental health–promotion, relationship-based preventive intervention, and treatment. Infants and Young Children, 12(4), 14–21. doi:10.1097/00001163-200012040-00007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoare, B. J., Wallen, M. A., Thorley, M. N., Jackman, M. L., Carey, L. M., & Imms, C. (2019). Constraint-induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4(4), CD004149. Polatajko HJ, Mandich AD. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004149.pub3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Housman, D. (2017). The importance of emotional competence and self-regulation from birth: A case for the evidence-based emotional cognitive social early learning approach. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 13(1), 1–19. doi:10.1186/s40723-017-0038-6
   Google Scholar
• Innocenti, M. S., Roggman, L. A., & Cook, G. A. (2013). Using the PICCOLO with parents of children with a disability. Infant Mental Health Journal, 34(4), 307–318. doi:10.1002/imhj.21394
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2014). Attachment-based interventions: Sensitive parenting is the key to positive parent–child relationships. In P. Holmes & S. Farnfield (Eds.), Attachment: The guidebook to attachment theory and interventions (pp. 2–31). New York: Taylor and Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Karaasalan, O., Diken, I. H., & Mahoney, G. (2011). A randomized control study of responsive teaching with young Turkish children and their mothers. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 33(1), 18–27. doi:10.1177/0271121411429749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, D., & Graham, F. (2015). The use of coaching in occupational therapy: An integrative review. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 62(3), 160–176. doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klebanov, M. S., & Travis, A. D. (2014). The critical role of parenting in human development. Hoboken, NJ: Taylor and Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Köhler-Dauner, F., Roder, E., Krause, S., Buchheim, A., Gündel, H., Fegert, J. M., & Waller, C. (2019). Reduced caregiving quality measured during the strange situation procedure increases child’s autonomic nervous system stress response. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 13(1), 41. doi:10.1186/s13034-019-0302-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, M. C., & Darrah, J. (2014). Emerging therapy approaches: An emphasis on function. Journal of Child Neurology, 29(8), 1101–1107. doi:10.1177/0883073814533151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, M. C., Darrah, J., Pollock, N., Wilson, B., Russell, D. J., Walter, S. D., & Galuppi, B. (2011). Focus on function: A cluster, randomized controlled trial comparing child- versus context-focused intervention for young children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 53(7), 621–629. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03962.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawlor, M. C. (2003). The significance of being occupied: The social construction of childhood occupations. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57(4), 424–434. doi:10.5014/ajot.57.4.424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, G., & Nam, S. (2011). The parenting model of developmental intervention. International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities, 41, 73–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mares, S., Newman, L., & Warren, B. (2011). Biomedical Problems in Infancy. In Clinical Skills in Infant Mental Health 2nd Edn, New South Wales: Acer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, L., Ziviani, J., Ware, R. S., & Boyd, R. N. (2014). Mastery motivation in children with congenital hemiplegia: Individual and environmental associations. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 56(3), 267–274. doi:10.1111/dmcn.12356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton, Y., & Roe, S. (2017). Occupational therapy home programmes for children with unilateral cerebral palsy using bimanual and modified constraint induced movement therapies: A critical review. The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 80(6), 337–349. doi:10.1177/0308022616664738
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, C., Darrah, J., Gordon, A., Harbourne, R., Spittle, A., Johnson, R., & Fetters, L. (2016). Effectiveness of motor interventions in infants with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 58(9), 900–908. doi:10.1111/dmcn.13105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortensen, J. A., & Mastergeorge, A. M. (2014). A meta-analytic review of relationship-based interventions for low-income families with infants and toddlers: Facilitating supportive parent–child interactions. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(4), 336–353. doi:10.1002/imhj.21451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muir, E., Lojkasek, M., & Cohen, N. J. (1999). A manual describing a dyadic infant-led approach to problems in infancy and early childhood. Toronto: The Hincks-Dellcrest Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsen, P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implementation Sci, 10(53). doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oono, I. P., Honey, E. J., & McConnachie, H. (2013). Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (Review). Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 8(6), 2380–2479. doi:10.1002/ebch.1952
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheim, D., Dolev, S., Koren-Karie, N., Sher-Censor, E., Yirmiya, N., & Saloman, S. (2007). Parental resolution of the child’s diagnosis and the parent-child relationship. In D. Oppenheim & D. F. Goldsmith (Eds.), Attachment theory in clinical work with children: Bridging the gap between research and practice (pp. 109–136). New York: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheim, D., Koren-Karie, N., Dolev, S., & Yirmiya, N. (2009). Maternal insightfulness and resolution of the diagnosis are associated with secure attachment in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. Child Development, 80(2), 519–527. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01276.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppenheim, D., Koren-Karie, N., Dolev, S., & Yirmiya, N. (2012). Maternal sensitivity mediates the link between maternal insightfulness/resolution and child–mother attachment: The case of children with autism spectrum disorder. Attachment & Human Development, 14(6), 567–584. doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.727256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkes, J., McCullough, N., Madden, A., & McCahey, E. (2009). The health of children with cerebral palsy and stress in their parents. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(11), 2311–2323. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05089.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennington, L., Goldbart, J., & Marshall, J. (2004). Interaction training for conversational partners of children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 39(2), 151–170. doi:10.1080/13682820310001625598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennington, L., Thomson, K., James, P., Martin, L., & McNally, R. (2009). Effects of it takes two to talk—The human program for parents of preschool children with cerebral palsy: Findings from an exploratory study. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52(5), 1121–1138. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0187)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polatajko, H., Mandich, A., Miller, L., & Macnab, J. (2001). Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP). Physical and Occupational Therapy, 20(2–3), 83–106. doi:10.1300/J006v20n02_06
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodger, S. (2010). Introduction to occupation-centred practice with children. In S. Rodger (Ed.), Occupation-Centred practice with children: A practical guide for occupational therapists (pp. 1–20). West Sussex: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Schore, J. R., & Schore, A. N. (2008). Modern attachment theory: The central role of affect regulation in development and treatment. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36(1), 9–20. doi:10.1007/s10615-007-0111-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz-Krohn, W., & Cara, E. (2000). Occupational therapy in early intervention: Applying concepts from infant mental health. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(5), 550–554. doi:10.5014/ajot.54.5.550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, D. J. (2004). Attachment and self-understanding: Parenting with the brain in mind. Journal of Prenatal& Perinatal Psychology and Health, 18(4), 273–285.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, K. (2008). Outcomes of relationship-based early intervention. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 1(3), 199–205. doi:10.1080/19411240802589395
   Google Scholar
• Totsika, V., & Sylva, K. (2004). The home observation for measurement of the environment revisited. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 9(2), 25–35. doi:10.1046/j.1475-357X.2003.00073.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Voort, A., Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Barlow, J. (2014). Sensitive parenting is the foundation for secure attachment relationships and positive social-emotional development of children. Journal of Children’s Services, 9(2), 165–176. doi:10.1108/JCS-12-2013-0038
   Google Scholar
• Van Ijzendoorn, M., Schuengel, C., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (1999). Disorganised attachment in early childhood: Meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants and sequelae. Development and Psychology, 11(2), 225–249. doi:10.1017/S0954579499002035
   Google Scholar
• Van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., Stolk, M. N. … Alink, L. R. A. (2006). Attachment-based intervention for enhancing sensitive discipline in mothers of 1- to 3-year-old children at risk for externalizing behavior problems: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 994–1005. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherston, D. (2007). Returning the treasure to babies: Infant mental health and early head start. Infant Mental Health Journal, 28(2), 246–251. doi:10.1002/imhj.20132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherston, D., Ribaudo, J., & Glovak, S. (2002). Becoming whole: combining infant mental health and occupational therapy on behalf of a toddler with sensory integration difficulties and his family. Infants and Young Children, 15(1), 19–28. doi:10.1097/00001163-200207000-00005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittingham, K. (2016). Mindfulness and transformative parenting. In E. Shonin, W. V. Gordon, & M. Griffiths (Eds.), Mindfulness and other Buddhist-derived approaches in mental health & addiction (pp. 363–390). Switzerland: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Zeanah, C., & Zeanah, P. D. (2009). The scope of infant mental health. In C. H. Zeanah (Ed.), Handbook of infant mental health (pp. 5–21). New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar