The Bind that Ties: Socioemotional Wealth Preservation in Family Firms

References

• Adams , J. , Taschian , A. and Shore , T. 1996 . Ethics in family and non family owned firms: An exploratory study . Family Business Review , 9 ( 2 ) : 157 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Adkins , L. 1995 . Gendered work , Buckingham : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Aghion , P. , Van Reneen , J. and Zingales , L. 2009 . Innovation and institutional ownership , Working paper 14769, National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w14769
   Google Scholar
• Agmon , T. and Lessard , D. 1977, September . Investor recognition of corporate international diversification . Journal of Finance , 32 : 1049 – 1055 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahimud , Y. and Lev , B. 1981 . Risk reduction as a management motive for conglomerate mergers . Bell Journal of Economics , 12 : 605 – 617 .
   Google Scholar
• Ahuja , G. , Lampert , C. M. and Tandon , V. 2008 . Moving beyond Schumpeter: Management research on the determinants of technological innovation . The Academy of Management Annals , 2 : 1 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldrich , H. and Auster , E. R. 1986 . Even dwarfs started small . Research in Organizational Behavior , 8 : 165 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Aldrich , H. E. and Langton , N. 1998 . “ Human resource management and organizational life cycles ” . In Frontiers of entrepreneurship research , Edited by: Reynolds , P. D. , Bygrave , W. Carter , N. M. 349 – 357 . Babson Park, MA : Babson College, Center for Entrepreneurial Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Aldrich , H. and Waldinger , R. 1990 . Ethnicity and entrepreneurship . Annual Review of Sociology , 16 : 111 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , A. , Chen , T. and Radhakrishan , S. 2007 . Corporate disclosures by family firms . Journal of Accounting and Economics , 44 ( 1 ) : 238 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , M. P. and Panian , S. K. 1982 . Power, performance, and succession in the large corporation . Administrative Science Quarterly , 27 ( 4 ) : 538 – 547 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , R. C. and Reeb , D. M. 2003a . Founding-family ownership and firm performance: Evidence from the S&P 500 . The Journal of Finance , 58 ( 3 ) : 1301 – 1328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , R. C. and Reeb , D. M. 2003b . Founding-family ownership, corporate diversification, and firm leverage . Journal of Law and Economics , 46 : 653 – 684 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , R. C. and Reeb , D. M. 2004 . Board composition: Balancing family influence in S&P 500 firms . Administrative Science Quarterly , 49 ( 2 ) : 209 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , R. C. , Mansi , S. A. and Reeb , D. M. 2003 . Founding family ownership and the agency cost of debt . Journal of Financial Economics , 68 ( 2 ) : 263 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronoff , C. 2004 . Self-perpetuation family organization built on values: Necessary condition for long-term family business survival . Family Business Review , 17 ( 1 ) : 55 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Arregle , J. L. , Hitt , M. A. , Sirmon , D. G. and Very , P. 2007 . The development of organizational social capital: Attributes of family firms . Journal of Management Studies , 44 ( 1 ) : 73 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashforth , B. E. and Humphrey , R. 1995 . Emotion in the workplace: A reappraisal . Human Relations , 48 ( 2 ) : 97 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astrachan , J. H. and Jaskiewicz , P. 2008 . Emotional returns and emotional costs in privately held family businesses: Advancing traditional business valuation . Family Business Review , 21 ( 2 ) : 139 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astrachan , J. H. , Klein , S. B. and Smyrnios , K. X. 2002 . The F-PEC scale of family influence: A proposal for solving the family business definition problem . Family Business Review , 15 ( 1 ) : 45 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Bammens , Y. , Voordeckers , W. and Van Gils , A. 2008 . Boards of directors in family firms: A generational perspective . Small Business Economics , 31 ( 2 ) : 163 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barach, J.A. (1984) Is there a cure for the paralyzed family board? Sloan Management Review, 26(1), 3–12.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett , T. , Eddleston , K. and Kellermanns , F. 2009 . Business owners' role salience, career satisfiers, and performance-related outcomes in family versus non-family firms . Family Business Review , 22 ( 1 ) : 29 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Baron , R. A. 2008 . The role of affect in the entrepreneurial process . Academy of Management Review , 33 ( 2 ) : 328 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu , N. , Dimitrova , L. and Paeglis , I. 2009 . Family control and dilution in mergers . Journal of Banking and Finance , 33 ( 4 ) : 829 – 841 .
   Google Scholar
• Becker , G. 1981 . A treatise on the family , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beckhard , R. and Dyer , G. W. 1983 . Managing continuity in the family-owned business . Organizational Dynamics , 12 ( 1 ) : 5 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beehr , T. A. , Drexler , J. A. and Faulkner , S. 1997 . Working in small family businesses: Empirical comparisons to non-family businesses . Journal of Organizational Behaviour , 18 ( 3 ) : 297 – 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Bennedsen , M. , Meisner , N. , Perez-Gonzalez , F. and Wolfenzon , D. 2007 . Inside the family firm: The role of families in succession decisions and performance . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 20 ( 2 ) : 647 – 691 .
   Google Scholar
• Berle , A. A. and Means , G. C. 1932 . The modern corporation and private property , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Berrone , P. , Cruz , C. and Gomez Mejia , L. R. in press . Socioemotional wealth in family firms: An agenda for future research .
   Google Scholar
• Berrone , P. , Cruz , C. , Gomez-Mejia , L. R. and Larraza-Kintana , M. 2010 . Socioemotional wealth and organizational response to institutional pressures: Do family controlled firms pollute less? . Administrative Science Quarterly , 55 : 82 – 113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrone , P. , Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Cennamo , C. and Cruz , C. 2011 . Socioemotional wealth and proactive stakeholder management: Why family controlled firms care more about their stakeholders (Unpublished paper). IESE Business School
   Google Scholar
• Bertrand , M. and Schoar , A. 2006 . The role of family in family firms . Journal of Economic Perspectives , 20 ( 2 ) : 73 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjornberg , A. and Nicholson , N. 2007 . The family climate scales—development of a new measure for use in family business research . Family Business Review , 12 ( 2 ) : 229 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Brun de Pontet , S. and Wrosch , C. G . 2002 . An exploration of the generational differences in levels of control held among family businesses approaching succession . Family Business Review , 20 ( 4 ) : 337 – 355 .
   Google Scholar
• Cannella , A. and Paetzold , R. L. 1994 . Pfeffer's barriers to the advance of organizational science: A rejoinder . Academy of Management Review , 19 ( 2 ) : 331 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carney , M. 2005 . Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms . Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice , 29 ( 3 ) : 249 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrasco-Hernandez , A. and Sanchez-Marin , G. 2007 . The determinants of employee compensation in family-owned firms: Empirical evidence . Family Business Review , 20 ( 3 ) : 215 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cascino , S. , Pugliese , A. , Mussolino , D. and Sansone , C. 2010 . The influence of family ownership on the quality of accounting information . Family Business Review , 23 ( 3 ) : 246 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casson , M. 1999 . The economics of family firms . Scandinavian Economic History Review , 47 ( 1 ) : 10 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Castanias , R. and Helfat , C. 1991 . Managerial resources and rents . Journal of Management , 17 : 155 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castanias , R. and Helfat , C. 1992 . Managerial and windfall rents in the market for corporate control . Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization , 18 : 153 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , H. and Hsu , W. 2009 . Family ownership, board independence and R&D investment . Family Business Review , 22 ( 5 ) : 347 – 362 .
   Google Scholar
• Chen , S. , Chen , X. and Cheng , Q. 2008 . Do family firms provide more or less voluntary disclosure? . Journal of Accounting Research , 46 ( 3 ) : 499 – 536 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , S. , Chen , X. , Cheng , Q. and Shevlin , T. 2010 . Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms? . Journal of Financial Economics , 45 ( 1 ) : 41 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Chirico , F. and Salvato , C. 2008 . Knowledge integration and dynamic organizational adaptation in family firms . Family Business Review , 21 ( 12 ) : 169 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Chrisman , J. , Chua , J. and Kellermanns , F. 2009 . Priorities, resource stocks, and performance in family and non family firms . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 33 ( 3 ) 739:760
   Google Scholar
• Chrisman , J. , Chua , J. and Sharma , P. 2005 . Trends and directions in the development of a strategic management theory of the family firm . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 29 : 555 – 575 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrisman , J. , Sharma , P. and Taggar , S. 2007 . Family influences on firms: An introduction . Journal of Business Research on Family Business Studies , 60 ( 10 ) : 1005 – 1011 .
   Google Scholar
• Chrisman , J. , Steier , L. P. and Chua , J. 2008 . Toward a theoretical basis for understanding the dynamics of strategic performance in family firms . Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice , 32 ( 6 ) : 935 – 947 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua , J. , Chrisman , J. and Sharma , P. 1999 . Defining the family business by behaviour . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 23 ( 4 ) : 19 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Claessens , S. , Djankov , S. , Fan , P. and Lang , L. 2002 . Disentangling the incentive and entrenchment effects of large shareholdings . Journal of Finance , 57 ( 6 ) : 2741 – 2771 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins , J. 1990 . A market performance comparison of U.S. firms active in domestic, developed and developing countries . Journal of International Business Studies , 21 ( 2 ) : 271 – 287 .
   Google Scholar
• Combs , J. , Penney , C. , Crook , R. and Short , J. 2010 . The impact of family representation on CEO compensation . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 36 ( 6 ) : 1125 – 1144 .
   Google Scholar
• Craig , J. B.L. and Moores , K. 2006 . A 10-year longitudinal investigation of strategy, systems and environment on innovation in family firms . Family Business Review , 19 ( 1 ) : 1 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz , C. , Gomez-Mejia , L. R. and Becerra , M. 2010 . Perceptions of benevolence and the design of agency contracts: CEO–TMT relationships in family firms . Academy of Management Journal , 53 ( 1 ) : 69 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz , C. , Justo , R. and De Castro , J. in press . Does family employment enhance MSEs performance?: Integrating socioemotional wealth and family embeddedness perspectives . Journal of Business Venturing ,
   Google Scholar
• Cruz , C. , Justo , R. and Gomez-Mejia , L. R. 2011 . Solving the paradox: A multifaced approach to corporate entrepreneurship in family firms , (Working paper). IE Business School
   Google Scholar
• Daily , C. M. and Dollinger , M. J. 1992 . An empirical examination of ownership structure in family and professionally managed firms . Family Business Review , 5 ( 2 ) : 117 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Dalton , D. R. , Daily , C. M. , Ellstrand , A. E. and Johnson , J. L. 1998 . Meta-analytic reviews of board composition leadership structure and financial performance . Strategic Management Journal , 19 ( 3 ) : 269 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton , D. R. , Hitt , M. A. , Certo , S. T. and Dalton , C. M. 2007 . The fundamental agency problem and its mitigation: Independence, equity, and the market for corporate control . Academy of Management Annals , 1 : 1 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , P. S. and Harveston , P. D. 2001 . The phenomenon of substantive conflict in the family firm: A cross-generational study . Journal of Small Business Management , 39 ( 1 ) : 14 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Kok , J. , Uhlaner , L. and Thurik , A. 2006 . Professional HRM practices in family-owned-managed enterprises . Journal of Small Business Management , 44 ( 4 ) : 441 – 460 .
   Google Scholar
• Dechow , P. , Sloan , R. and Sweeney , A. 1996 . Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC . Contemporary Accounting Research , 13 ( 1 ) : 1 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Déniz-Déniz , M. C. and Cabrera-Suarez , K. 2005 . Corporate social responsibility and family business in Spain . Journal of Business Ethics , 56 : 27 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyer , G. W. 1989 . Integrating professional management into a family-owned business . Family Business Review , 2 ( 3 ) : 221 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyer , G. W. 1992 . The entrepreneurial experience: Confronting career dilemmas of the start-up executive , San Francisco : Jossey–Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Dyer , G. W. 2003 . The family: The missing variable in organizational research . Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice , 27 ( 4 ) : 401 – 416 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyer , G. W. and Sanchez , M. 1998 . Current state of family business theory and practice as reflected in the Family Business Review 1988–1997 . Family Business Review , 11 ( 3 ) : 287 – 295 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyer , G. W. and Whetten , D. A. 2006 . Family firms and social responsibility. Preliminary evidence from the S&P500 . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 30 ( 4 ) : 785 – 802 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyreng , S. , Hanlon , M. and Maydrew , E. 2008 . Long-run corporate tax avoidance . The Accounting Review , 84 : 61 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Easterwood , C. 1997 . Takeovers and incentives for earnings management: An empirical analysis . Journal of Applied Business Research , 14 ( 1 ) 29: 48
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and a review. Academy of Management Review, 14(2), 57–74.
   Google Scholar
• Epstein , N. B. , Bishop , D. , Ryan , C. , Miller , I. and Keitner , G. 1993 . “ The McMaster model view of healthy family functioning ” . In Normal family processes , Edited by: Walsh , F. 138 – 160 . New York/London : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , M. and Wang , S. 1999 . Earnings Management by acquiring firms in stock for stock mergers . Journal of Accounting and Economics , 27 ( 2 ) : 149 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faccio , M. and Lang , H. 2002 . The ultimate ownership of Western European corporations . Journal of Financial Economics , 65 ( 3 ) : 365 – 395 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fama , E. and French , K. 1997 . Industry costs of equity . The Journal of Finance , 43 : 153 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Fama , E. F. and Jensen , M. C. 1983 . Separation of ownership and control . Journal of Law and Economics , 26 : 301 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatemi , A. 1984 . Shareholder benefits from corporate international diversification . Journal of Finance , 39 ( 5 ) : 1325 – 1345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez , P. 2002 . Valuation methods and shareholder value creation , San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fiegener , M. K. , Brown , B. M. , Prince , R. A. and File , K. M. 1996 . Passing on strategic vision . Journal of Small Business Management , 34 ( 3 ) : 15 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher , D. 2000 . “ Family and enterprise ” . In Enterprise and small business: Principles, practice and policy , Edited by: Carter , S. and Jones-Evans , D. Essex : Pearson Education .
   Google Scholar
• Frank , M. , Lynch , L. and Rego , S. 2009 . Are financial and tax reporting aggressiveness reflective of broader corporate policies? . The Accounting Review , 84 ( 4 ) : 467 – 498 .
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , E. R. 1984 . Strategic management: A stakeholder approach , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , E. R. and McVea , J. 2001 . “ A stakeholder approach to strategic management ” . In Handbook of strategic management , Edited by: Hitt , M. , Freeman , E. R. and Harrison , J. 189 – 207 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Gallo , M. A. and Sveen , J. 1991 . Internationalizing the family business: Facilitating and restraining forces . Family Business Review , 4 ( 2 ) : 181 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Vega , M. 2006 . Does technological diversification promote innovation? An empirical analysis for European firms . Research Policy , 35 ( 2 ) : 230 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartner , W. , Bird , B. and Starr , J. 1992 . Acting as if: Differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 16 ( 1 ) : 13 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Gaspar , J. , Massa , M. and Matos , P. 2006 . Favoritism in mutual fund families? Evidence on strategic cross-fund subsidization . Journal of Finance , 61 : 73 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gersick , K. , Davis , J. , Hampton , M. and Lansberg , I. 1997 . Generation to generation: Life cycles of the family business , Boston : Harvard Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Godfrey , P. C. 2005 . The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: A risk management perspective . Academy of Management Review , 30 ( 4 ) : 777 – 798 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg , S. and Wooldridge , B. 1993 . Self-confidence and managerial autonomy: Successor characteristics critical to succession in family-owned firms . Family Business Review , 6 ( 1 ) 55:73
   Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Berrone , P. and Franco-Santos , M. 2010 . Compensation and organizational performance: Theory, research, and practice , New York : M.E. Sharpe .
   Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Hoskisson , R. E. , Makri , M. , Sirmon , D. G. and Campbell , J.T. 2011 . Innovation and the preservation of socioemotional wealth: The paradox of R&D investment in family controlled high technology firms , (Unpublished manuscript). Mays Business School, Texas A&M University
   Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Larraza-Kintana , M. and Makri , M. 2003 . The determinants of executive compensation in family-controlled public corporations . Academy of Management Journal , 46 ( 2 ) : 226 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Makri , M. and Larraza-Kintana , M. 2010 . Diversification decisions in family-controlled firms . Journal of Management Studies , 47 ( 2 ) : 223 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Nuñez-Nickel , M. and Gutierrez , I. 2001 . The role of family ties in agency contracts . Academy of Management Journal , 44 ( 1 ) : 81 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Takacs-Haynes , K. , Nuñez-Nickel , M. , Jacobson , K. J.L. and Moyano-Fuentes , J. 2007 . Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family-controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills . Administrative Science Quarterly , 52 ( 1 ) : 106 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Tosi , H. L. and Hinkin , T. 1987 . Managerial control, performance and executive pay . Academy of Management Journal , 30 ( 1 ) : 51 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandstrand , O. 1998 . Towards a theory of the technology-based firm . Research Policy , 27 ( 6 ) : 465 – 489 .
   Google Scholar
• Habbershon , T. and Pistrui , J. 2002 . Enterprising families domain: Family-influenced ownership groups in pursuit of transgenerational wealth . Family Business Review , 15 ( 3 ) : 223 – 237 .
   Google Scholar
• Habbershon , T. G. 2006 . “ The family as a distinct context for entrepreneurship ” . In Entrepreneurship: The engine of growth , Edited by: Rice , M. and Habbershon , T. G. Vol. 3 , 79 – 98 . Westport, CT : Praeger Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Habbershon , T. G. , Williams , M. L. and McMillan , I. C. 2003 . A unified systems perspective of family firm performance . Journal of Business Venturing , 18 ( 4 ) : 451 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , A. and Nordqvist , M. 2008 . Professional management in family businesses: Toward an extended understanding . Family Business Review , 21 ( 1 ) : 51 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambrick , D. C. and Finkelstein , S. 1995 . The effects of ownership structure on conditions at the top: The case of CEO pay raises . Strategic Management Journal , 16 ( 3 ) : 175 – 193 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handler, W.C. (1990). Success in family firms: A mutual role adjustment between entrepreneur and next-generation family members. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(1), 37–51.
   Google Scholar
• Hannan , M. T. and Freeman , J. 1984 . Structural inertia and organizational change . American Sociological Review , 49 : 149 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , R. and Reid , R. 2008 . “ Barriers to growth in family-owned smaller businesses ” . In International handbook of HRM entrepreneurship , Edited by: Barrett , R. and Mayson , S. 260 – 284 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , R. , Martinez , J. and Ward , J. 1994 . Is strategy different for the family-owned business? . Family Business Review , 7 ( 2 ) : 159 – 174 .
   Google Scholar
• Haw , I. , Hu , L. , Hwang , S. and Wu , W. 2004 . Ultimate ownership, income management, and legal and extra legal institutions . Journal of Accounting Research , 42 ( 4 ) : 423 – 462 .
   Google Scholar
• Healy , P. and Wahlen , J. 1998 . A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting (Unpublished working paper) , Indiana University .
   Google Scholar
• Heck , R. K.Z. and Mishra , C. S. 2008 . Family entrepreneurship . Journal of Small Business Management , 46 : 313 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillman , A. and Dalziel , T. 2003 . Boards of directors and firm performance: Integrating agency and resource-dependence perspectives . Academy of Management Review , 28 ( 3 ) : 383 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitt , M. A. , Hoskisson , R. E. and Kim , H. 1997 . International diversification: Effects on innovation and firm performance in product diversified firms . Academy of Management Journal , 40 ( 4 ) : 767 – 798 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitt , M. A. , Ireland , R. D. and Hosskisson , R. E. 2009 . Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization, concepts and cases , 8 , Mason, OH : South-Western .
   Google Scholar
• Hoskisson , R. E. , Hitt , M. A. , Johnson , R. A. and Grossman , W. 2002 . Conflicting voices: The effects of ownership heterogeneity and internal governance on corporate strategy . Academy of Management Journal , 45 ( 4 ) : 697 – 716 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James , H. S. 1999 . Owner as manager, extended horizons and the family firm . International Journal of the Economics of Business , 6 ( 1 ) : 41 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Jiraporn , P. and Dadalt , P. 2009 . Does founding family control affect earnings management? . Applied Economic Letters , 16 : 113 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , C. D. , Makri , M. and Gomez-Mejia , L. R. 2008 . Affiliate directors and perceived risk bearing in publicly traded, family-controlled firms: The case of diversification . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 32 ( 6 ) : 1007 – 1026 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorissen , A. , Laveren , E. , Martens , R. and Reheul , A.-M. 2005 . Real versus sample-based differences in comparative family business research . Family Business Review , 18 ( 3 ) : 229 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kepner , E. 1983 . The family and the firm: A co-evolutionary perspective . Organizational Dynamics , 12 ( 1 ) : 57 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kets de Vries , M. 1993 . The dynamics of family controlled firms: The good and the bad news . Organizational Dynamics , 21 ( 3 ) : 59 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kets de Vries , M. 1996 . Human dilemmas in family business , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Kets de Vries , M. , Carlock , R. and Florent-Treacy , E. 2007 . Family business on the couch: A psychological perspective , John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Khalil , S. , Cohen , J. and Trompeter , G. 2010 . Auditor resignation, audit firm client valuation and firm ownership structure , Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/
   Google Scholar
• Kim , W. C. , Hwang , P. and Burgers , W. 1993 . Multinationals' diversification and the risk–return trade-off . Strategic Management Journal , 14 ( 3 ) : 275 – 286 .
   Google Scholar
• Kogut , B. 1985, Fall . Designing global strategies: Comparative and competitive value-added chains . Sloan Management Review , : 27 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Korn/Ferry . 2000 . Annual report on corporate governance , New York : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Kotey , B. and Folker , C. 2007 . Employee training in SMEs: Effect of size and firm type—family and non-family . Journal of Small Business Management , 45 ( 2 ) : 214 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn , T. 1962 . The structure of scientific revolutions , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• La Porta , R. , Lopez-de-Silanes , F. and Shleifer , A. 1999 . Corporate ownership around the world . Journal of Finance , 54 ( 2 ) : 471 – 517 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landes , D. 2006 . Dynasties: Fortunes and misfortunes of the world's greatest business families , New York : Viking .
   Google Scholar
• Lansberg , I. S. 1999 . Succeeding generations , Boston, MA : Harvard Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Laplume , A. , Sonpar , K. and Litz , R. A. 2008 . Stakeholder theory: Reviewing a theory that moves us . Journal of Management , 34 ( 6 ) : 1152 – 1189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Breton-Miller , J. , Miller , D. and Steve , L. 2004 . Toward an integrative model of effective FOB succession . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 28 ( 4 ) : 305 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon-Guerrero , A. , McCann , J. and Haley , J. 1998 . A study of practice utilisation in family-owned firms . Family Business Review , 11 ( 3 ) : 107 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Lessard , D. 1985 . “ Principles of international portfolio selection ” . In International financial management , Edited by: Lessard , D. R. 16 – 30 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Leuz , C. , Nanda , D. and Wysocki , P. 2003 . Earnings, management and investor protection: An international comparison . Journal of Financial Economics , 69 : 509 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Loukas , S. , Lena , T. and Manolis , X. 2005 . Corporate governance rating and family firms: The Greek case , Retrieved from http://129.3.20.41/eps/fin/papers/0503/0503011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lubatkin , M. , Durand , R. and Ling , Y. 2007 . The missing lens in family firm governance theory: A self–other typology of parental altruism . Journal of Business Research , 60 : 1022 – 1029 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubatkin , M. , Schulze , W. , Ling , Y. and Dino , R. 2005 . The effects of parental altruism on the governance of family-managed firms . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 26 : 313 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makri , M. and Lane , M. 2008 . Responding to technological maturity: A socio-cognitive model of science and innovation in technological communities . Journal of High Technology Management Research , 18 ( 1 ) : 1 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Makri , M. , Hitt , M. and Lane , P. 2010 . Complementary technologies, knowledge relatedness and invention outcomes in high technology mergers and acquisitions . Strategic Management Journal , 31 ( 1 ) : 602 – 638 .
   Google Scholar
• Margolis , J. D. and Walsh , J. P. 2003 . Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business . Administrative Science Quarterly , 48 ( 2 ) : 268 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , G. , Gomez-Mejia , L. R. and Campbell , J. 2011 . Family firms, dominant shareholders and earnings management: The role of socioemotional wealth in the earnings management decision (Unpublished paper). Mays Business School, Texas A&M University
   Google Scholar
• Martin, G., Makri, M., & Gomez-Mejia, L.R. (2011). Shareholder proposals in family controlled firms (working paper), IE Business School.
   Google Scholar
• Mayo , M. , Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Firfiray , S. and Villena , V. 2011 . Toward a contingency theory of telecommuting adoption: Organizational, environmental and leadership constraints , (Unpublished paper). IE Business School
   Google Scholar
• Mayo , M. , Pastor , J. , Gomez-Mejia , L. and Cruz , C. 2009 . Why some firms adopt telecommuting while others do not: A contingency perspective . Human Resource Management , 48 ( 6 ) : 917 – 939 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConaughy , D. 2000 . Family CEOs vs. non-family CEOs in the family-controlled firm: An examination of the level and sensitivity of pay to performance . Family Business Review , 13 ( 2 ) : 121 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• McConaughy , D. and Phillips , G. 1999 . Founders versus descendents: The profitability, efficiency, growth characteristics and financing in large, public, founding-family-controlled firms . Family Business Review , 12 ( 2 ) : 123 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• McConaughy , D. , Mathews , C. and Fialko , A. 2001 . Founding family-controlled firms: efficiency, risk and value . Journal of Small Business Management , 39 ( 1 ) : 31 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEachern , W. A. 1975 . Management control and performance , Lexington, MA : D.C. Heath .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , M. and Zucker , L. G. 1989 . Permanently failing organizations , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , D. and Le Breton-Miller , I. 2005 . Managing for the long run: Lessons in competitive advantage from great family businesses , Cambridge, MA : Harvard Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , D. , Le Breton-Miller , I. and Lester , R. 2011 . Family and lone-founder ownership and strategic behavior: Social context, identity and institutional logics . Journal of Management Studies , 48 ( 1 ) : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , D. , Le Breton-Miller , I. and Lester , R. H. 2010 . Family ownership and acquisition behavior in publicly-traded companies . Strategic Management Journal , 31 ( 2 ) : 121 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , D. , Le Breton-Miller , I. , Lester , R. H. and Cannella , A. 2007 . Are family firms really superior performers? . Journal of Corporate Finance , 13 : 829 – 858 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, D., Steier, L., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2003). Lost in time: Intergenerational succession, change and failure in family business. Journal of Business Verturing, 18(4), 513–531.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra , C. S. and McConaughy , D. C. 1999 . Founding family control and capital structure: The risk of loss of control and the aversion to debt . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 23 : 53 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. K. , Agle , B. R. and Wood , D. J. 1997 . Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts . Academy of Management Review , 22 ( 4 ) : 853 – 886 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morck , R. and Yeung , B. 2003 . Agency problems in large family business groups . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 27 ( 3 ) : 367 – 382 .
   Google Scholar
• Morck , R. and Yeung , B. 2004 . Family control and the rent seeking society . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 28 ( 4 ) : 391 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morck , R. , Stangeland , D. A. and Yeung , B. 2000 . “ Inherited wealth, corporate control and economic growth: The Canadian disease? ” . In Concentrated corporate ownership , Edited by: Morck , R. 319 – 369 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morck , R. , Wolfenzon , D. and Yeung , B. 2005 . Corporate governance, economic entrenchment, and growth . Journal of Economic Literature , 43 ( 3 ) : 655 – 720 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Bullon , F. and Sanchez-Bueno , M. 2011 . The Impact of family involvement on the R&D intensity of publicly traded firms . Family Business Review , 24 ( 1 ) 62:70
   Google Scholar
• Mustakallio , M. , Autio , E. and Zahra , S. A. 2002 . Relational and contractual governance in family firms: Effects on strategic decision making . Family Business Review , 15 ( 3 ) : 205 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Nag , R. , Hambrick , D. and Chen , M. 2007 . What is strategic management, really? Inductive derivation of a consensus definition of the field . Strategic Management Journal , 28 ( 9 ) : 935 – 955 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , R. 1959 . The simple economics of basic scientific research . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 74 ( 4 ) : 297 – 306 .
   Google Scholar
• Neubauer , F. and Lank , A. 1998 . The family business: Its governance for sustainability , London : Macnillan .
   Google Scholar
• Orlizky , M. , Schmidt , F. L. and Rynes , S. L. 2003 . Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis . Organization Studies , 24 ( 3 ) : 403 – 441 .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , D. , Jennings , D. and Zhou , X. 1993 . Late adoption of the multidivisional form by large U.S. corporations: Institutional, political and economic accounts . Administrative Science Quarterly , 38 ( 3 ) : 100 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , T. and Wiseman , R. 1999 . Decoupling risk taking from income stream uncertainty: A holistic model of risk . Strategic Management Journal , 20 ( 11 ) : 1037 – 1062 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Gonzalez , F. 2006 . Inherited control and firm performance . American Economic Review , 9 ( 5 ) : 1559 – 1588 .
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer , J. 1993 . Barriers to the advance of organizational science: Paradigm development as a dependent variable . Academy of Management Review , 18 ( 4 ) : 599 – 620 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post , J. E. 1993 . The greening of the Boston Park Plaza Hotel . Family Business Review , 6 ( 2 ) : 131 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Rangan , S. 1998 . Earnings management and the performance of seasoned equity offerings . Journal of Financial Economics , 50 : 101 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , R. S. and Adams , J. S. 2001 . Human resource management: A survey of practices within family and non-family firms . Journal of European Industrial Training , 25 ( 6 ) : 310 – 320 .
   Google Scholar
• Reid , R. S. , Morrow , T. , Kelly , B. , Adams , J. and McCartan , P. 2000 . Human resource management practices in SMEs: A comparative analysis of family and non-family-owned firms . Irish Business and Administration Research , 21 : 157 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Rogoff , E. and Heck , R. 2003 . Evolving research in entrepreneurship and family business: Recognizing family as the oxygen that feeds the fire of entrepreneurship . Journal of Business Venturing , 18 ( 5 ) : 559 – 566 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruef , M. , Aldrich , H. and Carter , N. Paper presented at the American Sociological Association Meeting . Chicago, IL. Don't go to strangers: Homophily, strong ties, and isolation in the formation of organizational founding teams , 16–19 August
   Google Scholar
• Rugman , A. 1979 . International diversification and the multinational enterprise , Lexington, MA : Lexington Books .
   Google Scholar
• Rugman , A. 1981 . Inside the multinationals: The economics of internal markets , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sacristan-Navarro , M. , Gomez-Anson , S. and Cabeza-Garcia , L. 2011 . Family ownership and control, the presence of other large shareholders, and firm performance: Further evidence . Family Business Review , 24 ( 1 ) : 71 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvato , C. and Moores , K. 2010 . Research on accounting in family firms: Past achievements and future challenges . Family Business Review , 23 ( 3 ) : 193 – 215 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scase , R. and Goffee , R. 1987 . The real world of the small business owner , 2 , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Scherer , F. 1999 . New perspectives on economic growth and technological innovation , Washington, DC : Brookings Institution Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schneper , W. D. and Guillen , M. F. 2004 . Stakeholder rights and corporate governance: A cross-national study of hostile takeovers . Administrative Science Quarterly , 49 ( 3 ) : 263 – 295 .
   Google Scholar
• Schulze , W. G. and Gedajlovic , E. 2010 . Wither family business? . Journal of Management Studies , 47 ( 2 ) : 191 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze , W. G. , Lubatkin , M. H. and Dino , R. N. 2003a . Exploring the agency consequences of ownership dispersion among the directors of private family firms . Academy of Management Journal , 46 ( 2 ) : 179 – 203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze , W. G. , Lubatkin , M. H. and Dino , R. N. 2003b . Toward a theory of agency and altruism in family firms . Journal of Business Venturing , 18 ( 4 ) : 473 – 490 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze , W. G. , Lubatkin , M. H. , Dino , R. N. and Buchholtz , A. K. 2001 . Agency relationships in family firms: Theory and evidence . Organization Science , 12 ( 2 ) : 99 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, W. (2003). Financial accounting theory (3rd ed.). Toronto: Prentice Hall
   Google Scholar
• Setia-Atmaja , L. , Tanewski , G. and Skully , M. 2009 . The role of dividends, debt and board structure in the governance of family-controlled firms . Journal of Business Finance and Accounting , 36 : 863 – 896 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane , S. and Venkataraman , S. 2000 . The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of study . Academy of Management Review , 25 : 216 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• Shanker , M. and Astrachan , J. 1996 . Myths and realities: Family businesses' contribution to the US Economy—A framework for assessing family business statistics . Family Business Review , 9 ( 3 ) : 107 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , P. 2004 . An overview of the field of family business studies: Current status and directions for the future . Family Business Review , 17 ( 1 ) : 1 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , P. and Sharma , S. 2011 . Drivers of proactive environmental strategy in family firms . Business Ethics Quarterly , 21 ( 2 ) : 309 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma , P. , Chrisman , J. J. and Chua , J. 2003 . Predictors of satisfaction with the succession process in family firms . Journal of Business Venturing , 18 ( 5 ) : 667 – 687 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma , P. , Chrisman , J. J. and Chua , J. H. 1996 . A review and annotated bibliography of family business studies , Boston, MA : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , P. , Chrisman , J. J. and Chua , J. H. 1997 . Strategic management of the family business: Past research and future challenges . Family Business Review , 10 : 1 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma , P. , Chrisman , J. J. , Pablo , A. L. and Chua , J. H. 2001 . Determinants of initial satisfaction with the succession process in family firms: A conceptual model . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 25 ( 3 ) : 17 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Shen , W. and Cannella , A. A. 2002 . Revisiting the performance consequences of CEO succession: The impacts of successor type, postsuccession senior executive turnover, and departing CEO tenure . Academy of Management Journal , 45 ( 4 ) : 717 – 733 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shleifer , A. and Vishny , R. 1992 . Liquidation values and debt capacities: A market equilibrium approach . Journal of Finance , 47 : 1343 – 1365 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirmon , D. G. and Hitt , M. 2003 . Managing resources: Linking unique resources, management, and wealth creation in family firms . Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice , 27 ( 4 ) : 339 – 358 .
   Google Scholar
• Sorenson , O. and Stuart , T. E. 2008 . Entrepreneurship: A field of dreams? . The Academy of Management Annals , 2 ( 1 ) : 517 – 543 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorenson , R. , Goodpaster , K. , Hedberg , P. and Yu , A. 2009 . The family point of view, family social capital, and firm performance: An exploratory test . Family Business Review , 22 ( 3 ) : 239 – 253 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockmans , A. , Lybaert , N. and Voordeckers , W. 2010 . Socioemotional wealth and earnings management in private family firms . Family Business Review , 23 ( 3 ) : 280 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundaram , A. , John , T. and John , K. 1996 . An empirical analysis of strategic competition and firm values: The case of R&D competition . Journal of Financial Economics , 40 ( 3 ) : 459 – 486 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tagiuri , R. and Davis , J. 1996 . Bivalent attributes of the family firm . Family Business Review , 9 ( 2 ) : 199 – 208 .
   Google Scholar
• Teoh , S. , Welch , I. and Wong , T. 1998 . Earnings management and the long-run market performance of initial public offerings . Journal of Finance , 53 ( 6 ) : 1935 – 1974 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosi , H. L. and Gomez-Mejia , L. R. 1989 . The decoupling of CEO pay and performance: An agency theory perspective . Administrative Science Quarterly , 34 : 169 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosi , H. L. , Gomez-Mejia , L. R. , Loughry , M. L. , Werner , S. , Banning , K. Katz , J. 1999 . “ Managerial discretion, compensation strategy, and firm performance: The case for the ownership structure ” . In Research in personnel and human resources management , Edited by: Ferris , G. R. Vol. 17 , 163 – 208 . Stamford, CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Trembley , M. and Chenevert , D. 2008 . Influence of compensation strategies in Canadian technology-intensive firms on organizational and human resources performance . Group & Organization Management , 33 ( 3 ) : 269 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Tsao , C. , Chen , S. , Lin , C. and Hyde , W. 2009 . Founding-family ownership and firm performance: The role of high-performance work systems . Family Business Review , 22 ( 4 ) : 319 – 332 .
   Google Scholar
• Uhlaner , L. M. , vanGoor-Balk , H. J.M. and Masurel , E. 2004 . Family business and corporate social responsibility in a sample of Dutch firms . Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development , 11 ( 2 ) : 186 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2002). Work at home in 2001. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/homey.t01htm
   Google Scholar
• Van Essen , M. , Carney , M. , Gedajlovic , E. , Heugens , P. and van Oosterhout , J. H. in press . How do family firms differ? A meta-analysis . Academy of Management Journal ,
   Google Scholar
• Villalonga , B. and Amit , R. 2006 . How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value? . Journal of Financial Economics , 80 ( 2 ) : 385 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpin , P. 2002 . Governance with poor investor protection: Evidence from top executive turnover in Italy . Journal of Financial Economics , 64 ( 1 ) : 61 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voordeckers , W. , Van Gils , A. and Van den Heuvel , J. 2007 . Board composition in small and medium-sized family firms . Journal of Small Business Management , 45 ( 2 ) : 137 – 156 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , D. 2006 . Founding family ownership and earnings quality . Journal of Accounting Research , 44 ( 4 ) : 619 – 656 .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , J. L. 1987 . Keeping the family business healthy , San Francisco : Jossey–Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , J. L. 2004 . Perpetuating the family business: 50 lessons learned from long-lasting successful families in business , New York : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Wasserman , N. 2006 . Stewards, agents, and the founder discount: Executive compensation in new ventures . Academy of Management Journal , 49 ( 5 ) : 960 – 976 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner , S. , Tosi , H. and Gomez-Mejia , L. R. 2005 . Organizational governance and employee pay: How ownership structure affects the firm's compensation . Strategic Management Journal , 26 ( 4 ) : 377 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westhead , P. , Cowling , M. and Howarth , C. 2001 . The development of family companies: Management and ownership imperatives . Family Business Review , 14 ( 4 ) : 369 – 382 .
   Google Scholar
• Wheelock , J. 1992 . “ The flexibility of small business family work strategies ” . In Small enterprise development: Policy and practice in action , Edited by: Caley , K. , Chittenden , F. , Chell , E. and Mason , C. 151 – 165 . London : Paul Chapman .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. 2009 . An examination of corporate tax shelter participants . The Accounting Review , 84 : 969 – 1000 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiseman , R. M. and Gomez-Mejia , L. R. 1998 . A behavioral agency model of managerial risk taking . Academy of Management Review , 22 ( 1 ) : 133 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Zellweger , T. and Astrachan , J. 2008 . On the emotional value of owning a firm . Family Business Review , 4 ( 4 ) : 347 – 363 .
   Google Scholar
• Zellweger , T. and Dehlen , T. in press . Value is in the eye of the owner: Affect infusion and minimum acceptable sale prices for private family firm ownership . Family Business Review ,
   Google Scholar
• Zellweger, T., Kellermanns, F., Chrisman, J., & Chua, J. (in press). Family control and family firm valuation by family CEOs: The importance of intertions for transgenerational control. Organization Science.
   Google Scholar
• Zellweger , T. and Nason , R. 2008 . A stakeholder perspective on family firm performance . Family Business Review , 21 ( 3 ) : 203 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhara , S. A. 2005 . “ Entrepreneurship and disciplinary scholarships: Return to the fountainhead ” . In Handbook of entrepreneurial research: Disciplinary perspectives , Edited by: Alvarez , S. A. , Agarwal , R. and Sorenson , O. 252 – 268 . New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Zona , F. and Gomez-Mejia , L. 2011 . Board processes and service performance in family and non-family firms (Unpublished paper). Bocconi University, Milan
   Google Scholar