Osteoporosis Prevention, Detection, and Treatment: A Mandate for Primary Care Physicians

References

• National Osteoporosis Foundation. Physician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Washington, DC: National Osteoporosis Foundation, 1998
   Google Scholar
• Saadi H, Litaker D, Mills W, et al. Practice variation in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis: a case for more effective physician education in primary care. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 1999; 8(6): 767-71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cummings SR. Prevention of hip fractures in older women: a population-based perspective. Osteoporos Int 1998; 8(Suppl 1): S8-12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donangelo CM. Calcium and osteoporosis. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1997; 47(2 Suppl 1): 13-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Osteoporosis Foundation. Boning up on osteoporosis. Washington, DC: National Osteoporosis Foundation, 1998
   Google Scholar
• European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Consensus development statement: who are candidates for prevention and treatment for osteoporosis? Osteoporos Int 1997; 7: 1-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClung MR, McClung BL. Osteoporosis. In: Rakel RE, ed. Conn’s current therapy. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1997: 581-7
   Google Scholar
• American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39(11): 1791-801
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McEvoy G, ed. AHFS drug information. Bethesda, Md: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1999
   Google Scholar
• Saag KG, Emkey R, Schnitzer TJ, et al. Alendronate for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 33(5)9: 292-9
   Google Scholar
• Reid D, Cohen S, Pack S, et al. Risedronate is an effective and well-tolerated therapy in both the treatment and prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. (Abstr)] Bone Miner Res 1998; 23(5): W464
   Google Scholar
• Healey JH, Paget SA, Williams-Russo P, et al. A randomized controlled trial of salmon calcitonin to prevent bone loss in corticosteroid-treated temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Calcif Tissue Int 1996; 58(2): 73-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid IR. Osteoporosis—emerging consensus. Aust N Z J Med 1997; 27(6): 643-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, et al. Bone density at various sites for Prediction of hip fractures. Lancet 1993; 341(8839): 72-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harvey MR, Davidson S, Pearce P. The evaluation of screening for osteoporosis and case-finding in primary care. (Abstr) J Bone Miner Res Mtg 1999; 14(Suppl 1): T193
   Google Scholar
• Grisso JA, Kelsey JL, O’Brien LA, et al. Risk factors for hip fracture in men. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145(9): 786-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornuz J, Feskanich D, Willett WC, et al. Smoking, smoking cessation, and risk of hip fracture in women. Am J Med 1999; 106(3): 311-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein RF. Alcohol-induced bone disease: impact of ethanol on osteoblast proliferation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997; 21(3): 392-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainge MJ, Coupland CA, Cliffe SJ, et al. Cigarette smoking, alcohol and caffeine consumption, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1998; 8(4): 355-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger H, de Laet CE, van Daele PL, et al. Risk factors for increased bone loss in an elderly population: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147(9): 871-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madsen KL, Adams WC, Van Loan MD. Effects of physical activity, body weight and composition, and muscular strength on bone density in young women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30(1): 114-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff I, van Croonenborg JJ, Kemper HC, et al. The effect of exercise training on bone mass: a meta-analysis of published control trials in pre- and postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1999; 9(1): 1-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cumming RG, Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, et al. Calcium intake and fracture risk: results from the study of osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145(10): 926-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott JC. Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1997; 64(6 Suppl): 10-14S
   Google Scholar
• Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, et al. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on hone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 1997; 337(10): 670-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBoff MS, Kohlmeier L, Hurwitz S, et al. Occult vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal US women with acute hip fracture. JAMA 1999; 281 (16): 1505-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adachi JD, Bensen WG, Bianchi F, et al. Vitamin D and calcium in the prevention of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis: a 3-year follow-up. J Rheumatol 1996; 23(6): 995-1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Calcium. In: Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997: 71-145
   Google Scholar
• Lauritzen JB, Petersen MM, Lund B. Effect of external hip protectors on hip fractures. Lancet 1993; 341(8836): 11-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris ST, Bone HG, Ascott-Evans BH, et al. Alendronate use in postmenopausal women with low hone mass: combination with, comparison to, and use after discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). (Abstr) J Bone Miner Res 1999; 14(Suppl 1): SU380
   Google Scholar
• Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Lancet 1996: 348(9041): 1535-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber TH, Frezner MK. Alendronate increases bone density in male idiopathic osteoporosis. (Abstr) J Bone Miner Res 1999; 14(Suppl 1): F345
   Google Scholar
• Orwoll E, Ettinger M, Weiss S, et al. Alendronate treatment of osteoporosis in men. (Abstr) J Bone Miner Res 1999; 14(Suppl 1): 1205
   Google Scholar
• Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, et al. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 282(14): 1344-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid IR. Glucocorticoid osteoporosis—mechanisms and management. Eur J Endocrinol 1997; 137(3): 209-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fosamax manufacturer’s package insert information. In: Physicians’ desk reference. 51st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics, 1997
   Google Scholar
• Fogelman I, Ribot C, Smith R, et al. Risedronate produces dose-dependent increases in bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. (Abstr) Calcif Tissue Int 1999; 64(Suppl 1): P79
   Google Scholar
• Chestnut C, Baylink DJ, Doyle D, et al. Salmon-calcitonin nasal spray prevents vertebral fractures in established osteoporosis: further interim results of the “PROOF” study. (Abstr) Osteoporos Int 1998; 8(Suppl 3): 13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delmas PD, Bjarnason NH, Mitlak BH, et al. Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1997; 337(23): 1641-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettinger B, Black DM, Mitlak BH, et al. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. JAMA 1999; 282(7): 637-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar