582
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A comparative analysis of rural and urban MSM depressive symptomology: the mediating effects of loneliness

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon &
Pages 200-211 | Received 14 Nov 2018, Accepted 08 Mar 2019, Published online: 17 Mar 2019

References

  • Almeida, J., Johnson, R. M., Corliss, H. L., Molnar, B. E., & Azrael, D. (2009). Emotional distress among LGBT youth: The influence of perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(7), 1001–1014.
  • Alvy, L. M., McKirnan, D. J., Mansergh, G., Koblin, B., Colfax, G. N., Flores, S. A., … Group, P. M. S. (2011). Depression is associated with sexual risk among men who have sex with men, but is mediated by cognitive escape and self-efficacy. AIDS and Behavior, 15(6), 1171–1179.
  • Baams, L., Grossman, A. H., & Russell, S. T. (2015). Minority stress and mechanisms of risk for depression and suicidal ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Developmental Psychology, 51(5), 688–696.
  • Barber, C. E. (2013). Perceptions of aging-friendly community characteristics: Does county rurality make a difference? Online Journal of Rural Research & Policy, 8(2), 1–10.
  • Benoit, A. C., Cotnam, J., Raboud, J., Greene, S., Beaver, K., Zoccole, A., … Loutfy, M. (2016). Experiences of chronic stress and mental health concerns among urban Indigenous women. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 19(5), 809–823.
  • Bontempo, D. E., & D’Augelli, A. R. (2002). Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths’ health risk behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30(5), 364–374.
  • Bowen, A., Williams, M., & Horvath, K. (2004). Using the internet to recruit rural MSM for HIV risk assessment: Sampling issues. AIDS and Behavior, 8(3), 311–319.
  • Cody, P. J., & Welch, P. L. (1997). Rural gay men in northern New England: Life experiences and coping styles. Journal of Homosexuality, 33(1), 51–67.
  • D’Augelli, A. R., Pilkington, N. W., & Hershberger, S. L. (2002). Incidence and mental health impact of sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths in high school. School Psychology Quarterly, 17(2), 148–167.
  • Demir, Y., & Kutlu, M. (2016). The relationship between loneliness and depression: Mediation role of internet addiction. Educational Process: International Journal, 5(2), 97–105.
  • Downing, G. (2013). Virtual youth: Non-heterosexual young people’s use of the internet to negotiate their identities and socio-sexual relations. Children’s Geographies, 11(1), 44–58.
  • Eaton, W. W., Smith, C., Ybarra, M., Muntaner, C., & Tien, A. (2004). Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: Review and revision (CESD and CESD-R). In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment. Instruments for adults (Vol. 3, pp. 363–377). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Fisher, C. M., Irwin, J. A., & Coleman, J. D. (2014). LGBT health in the midlands: A rural/urban comparison of basic health indicators. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(8), 1062–1090.
  • Friedman, M. S., Marshal, M. P., Guadamuz, T. E., Wei, C., Wong, C. F., Saewyc, E. M., & Stall, R. (2011). A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals. American Journal of Public Health, 101(8), 1481–1494.
  • Galliher, R. V., Rostosky, S. S., & Hughes, H. K. (2004). School belonging, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms in adolescents: An examination of sex, sexual attraction status, and urbanicity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(3), 235–245.
  • Gutman, L., McLoyd, V. C., & Tokoyawa, T. (2005). Financial strain, neighborhood stress, parenting behaviors, and adolescent adjustment in urban African American families. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15, 425–449. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2005.00106.x
  • Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218–227.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2014). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Heckman, T. G., Somlai, A. M., Kalichman, S. C., Franzoi, S. L., & Kelly, J. A. (1998). Psychosocial differences between urban and rural people living with HIV/AIDS. The Journal of Rural Health, 14(2), 138–145.
  • Hsieh, N., & Hawkley, L. (2018). Loneliness in the older adult marriage: Associations with dyadic aversion, indifference, and ambivalence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(10), 1319–1339.
  • Hubach, R. D., Dodge, B., Li, M. J., Schick, V., Herbenick, D., Ramos, W. D., … Reece, M. (2015). Loneliness, HIV-related stigma, and condom use among a predominantly rural sample of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). AIDS Education and Prevention, 27(1), 72–83.
  • Kaza, N. (2013). The changing urban landscape of the continental United States. Landscape and Urban Planning, 110, 74–86.
  • Kennedy, M. (2010). Rural men, sexual identity and community. Journal of Homosexuality, 57(8), 1051–1091.
  • Kim, Y. K., & Shin, W. S. (2008). A comparison study on perception of body image and dietary habits of high school students between urban and rural areas. Korean Journal of Community Nutrition, 13(2), 153–163.
  • Kosciw, J. G., & Diaz, E. M. (2006). The 2005 national school climate survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York, NY: In GLSEN (Ed.).
  • Kuyper, L., & Fokkema, T. (2010). Loneliness among older lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: The role of minority stress. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(5), 1171–1180.
  • Lee, M. G., & Quam, J. K. (2013). Comparing supports for LGBT aging in rural versus urban areas. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 56(2), 112–126.
  • Li, M. J., Hubach, R. D., & Dodge, B. (2015). Social milieu and mediators of loneliness among gay and bisexual men in rural Indiana. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(4), 331–346.
  • Lieb, S., Fallon, S. J., Friedman, S. R., Thompson, D. R., Gates, G. J., Liberti, T. M., & Malow, R. M. (2011). Statewide estimation of racial/ethnic populations of men who have sex with men in the US. Public Health Reports, 126(1), 60–72.
  • Lyons, A., & Hosking, W. (2014). Health disparities among common subcultural identities of young gay men: Physical, mental, and sexual health. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(8), 1621–1635.
  • Lyons, A., Hosking, W., & Rozbroj, T. (2015). Rural‐urban differences in mental health, resilience, stigma, and social support among young Australian gay men. The Journal of Rural Health, 31(1), 89–97.
  • McConnell, E. A., Birkett, M. A., & Mustanski, B. (2015). Typologies of social support and associations with mental health outcomes among LGBT youth. LGBT Health, 2(1), 55–61.
  • Mereish, E. H., Katz-Wise, S. L., & Woulfe, J. (2017). Bisexual-specific minority stressors, psychological distress, and suicidality in bisexual individuals: The mediating role of loneliness. Prevention Science, 18(6), 716–725.
  • Mustanski, B., Andrews, R., & Puckett, J. A. (2016). The effects of cumulative victimization on mental health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents and young adults. American Journal of Public Health, 106(3), 527–533.
  • Oh, H. J., Ozkaya, E., & LaRose, R. (2014). How does online social networking enhance life satisfaction? The relationships among online supportive interaction, affect, perceived social support, sense of community, and life satisfaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 69–78.
  • Pachankis, J. E., Sullivan, T. J., Feinstein, B. A., & Newcomb, M. E. (2018). Young adult gay and bisexual men’s stigma experiences and mental health: an 8-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 54(7), 1381–1395. doi:10.1037/dev0000518
  • Poon, C. S., & Saewyc, E. M. (2009). Out yonder: Sexual-minority adolescents in rural communities in British Columbia. American Journal of Public Health, 99(1), 118–124.
  • Preston, D. B., D’Augelli, A. R., Cain, R. E., & Schulze, F. W. (2002). Issues in the development of HIV-preventive interventions for men who have sex with men (MSM) in rural areas. Journal of Primary Prevention, 23(2), 199–214.
  • Preston, D. B., D’Augelli, A. R., Kassab, C. D., Cain, R. E., Schulze, F. W., & Starks, M. T. (2004). The influence of stigma on the sexual risk behavior of rural men who have sex with men. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(4), 291–303.
  • Raymond, H. F., Rebchook, G., Curotto, A., Vaudrey, J., Amsden, M., Levine, D., & McFarland, W. (2010). Comparing internet-based and venue-based methods to sample MSM in the San Francisco Bay Area. AIDS and Behavior, 14(1), 218–224.
  • Rosenberger, J. G., Schick, V., Schnarrs, P., Novak, D. S., & Reece, M. (2014). Sexual behaviors, sexual health practices, and community engagement among gay and bisexually identified men living in rural areas of the United States. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(8), 1192–1207.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978). Developing a measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42(3), 290–294.
  • Russell, S. T., & Joyner, K. (2001). Adolescent sexual orientation and suicide risk: Evidence from a natural study. American Journal of Public Health, 91(8), 1276–1281.
  • Salomon, E., Mimiaga, M., Husnik, M., Welles, S., Manseau, M., Montenegro, A., … Mayer, K. (2009). Depressive symptoms, utilization of mental health care, substance use and sexual risk among young men who have sex with men in EXPLORE: Implications for age-specific interventions. AIDS and Behavior, 13(4), 811–821.
  • Shaw, L. H., & Gant, L. M. (2002). In defense of the Internet: The relationship between Internet communication and depression, loneliness, self-esteem, and perceived social support. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 5(2), 157–171.
  • Silva, T. J. (2018). ‘Helpin’ a buddy out’: Perceptions of identity and behaviour among rural straight men that have sex with each other. Sexualities, 21(1–2), 68–89.
  • Song, J., Zuo, B., Tan, X., & Dai, Y. (2017). Mediating effect of self-esteem in relationship between parental cohesion, peer acceptance and loneliness in left-behind children. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 31(5), 376–381.
  • Torres, L., & Taknint, J. T. (2015). Ethnic microaggressions, traumatic stress symptoms, and Latino depression: A moderated mediational model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(3), 393–401.
  • Waldo, C. R., Hesson-McInnis, M. S., & D’augelli, A. R. (1998). Antecedents and consequences of victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual young people: A structural model comparing rural university and urban samples. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(2), 307–334.
  • Waldorf, B. (2006). A continuous multi-dimensional measure of rurality: Moving beyond threshold measures. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association, Long Island, CA.
  • Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S., & Anderson, N. B. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335–351.
  • Williams, M. L., Bowen, A. M., & Horvath, K. J. (2005). The social/sexual environment of gay men residing in a rural frontier state: Implications for the development of HIV prevention programs. The Journal of Rural Health, 21(1), 48–55.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.