UK university students’ perceptions and negotiations of sexual consent

References

• Beres, M. (2007). ‘Spontaneous’ sexual consent: an analysis of sexual consent literature. Feminism & Psychology, 17(1), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353507072914
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beres, M. (2010). Sexual miscommunication? Untangling assumptions about sexual communication between casual sex partners. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 12(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050903075226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beres, M., Herold, E., & Maitland, S. (2004). Sexual consent behaviors in same-sex relationships. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33(5), 475–486. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ASEB.0000037428.41757.10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, S. (2006). Rape and sexual power in early America. UNC Press Books.
   Google Scholar
• Blunt-Vinti, H. D., Jozkowski, K. N., & Hunt, M. (2018). Show or tell? Does verbal and/or nonverbal sexual communication matter for sexual satisfaction? Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 45(3), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2018.1501446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogle, K. (2008). Hooking up: Sex, dating, and relationships on campus. New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Borges, A. M., Banyard, V. L., & Moynihan, M. M. (2008). Clarifying consent: primary prevention of sexual assault on a college campus. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 36(1–2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852350802022324.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bows, H., & Herring, J. (2020). Getting away with murder? A review of the ‘rough sex defence’. The Journal of Criminal Law Online First, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022018320936777
   Google Scholar
• Brady, G., & Lowe, P. (2020). ‘Go on, go on, go on’: sexual consent, child sexual exploitation and cups of tea. Children & Society, 34(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Burkett, M., & Hamilton, K. (2012). Postfeminist sexual agency: Young women’s negotiations of sexual consent. Sexualities, 15(7), 815–833. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460712454076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, R. (2008). The psychological impact of rape victims. American Psychologist, 63(8), 702–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantor, D., Fisher, B., Chibnall, S., Townsend, R., Lee, H., Bruce, C., & Thomas, G. (2015). Report on the AAU campus climate survey on sexual assault and sexual misconduct Available at: http://www.aau.edu/uploadedFiles/AAU_Publications/AAU_Reports/Sexual_Assault_Campus_Survey/Report%20on%20the%20AAU%20Campus%20Climate%20Survey%20on%20Sexual%20Assault%20and%20Sexual%20Misconduct.pdf ( accessed. Association of American Universities. 02 July 2020
   Google Scholar
• Cleere, C., & Lynn, S. J. (2013). Acknowledged versus unacknowledged sexual assault among college women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(12), 2593–2611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513479033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deming, M. E., Covan, E. K., Swan, S. C., & Billings, D. L. (2013). Exploring rape myths, gendered norms, group processing, and the social context of rape among college women: A qualitative analysis. Violence Against Women, 19(4), 465–485. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801213487044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duval, A., Lanning, B. A., & Patterson, M. S. (2018). A systematic review of dating violence risk factors among undergraduate college students. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 21(3), 567–585. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018782207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmir, R., Schmied, V., Jackson, D., & Wilkes, L. (2011). Interviewing people about potentially sensitive topics. Nurse Researcher, 19(1), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2011.10.19.1.12.c8766
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fedina, L., Holmes, J., & Backes, B. (2018). Campus sexual assault: A systematic review of prevalence research from 2000 to 2015. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 19(1), 76–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016631129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frith, H., & Kitzinger, C. (2001). Reformulating sexual script theory. Theory & Psychology, 11(2), 209–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354301112004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, D. S. (1998). Consent for sexual behavior in a college student population. Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 1(10), 1–16. http://www.ejhs.org/volume1/consent1.htm
   Google Scholar
• Hammack, P., & Cohler, B. (2009). The story of sexual identity: narrative perspectives on the gay and lesbian life course. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, A. J., Terry, K. J., & Ackerman, A. R. (2019). Campus sexual assault: Forging an action-focused research agenda. Sexual Abuse, 31(3), 263–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063218800471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugen, A., Rieck, S., Salter, P., & Philips, N. (2018). What Makes It Rape? A Lay Theories Approach to Defining Rape Among College Students. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 40(1), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2017.1398091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman, S. E., & Muehlenhard, C. L. (1999). “By the semi‐mystical appearance of a condom”: how young women and men communicate sexual consent in heterosexual situations. Journal of Sex Research, 36(3), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499909551996
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys, T. (2007). Perceptions of sexual consent: the impact of relationship history and gender. Journal of Sex Research, 44(4), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490701586706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys, T., & Herold, E. (2003). Should universities and colleges mandate sexual behavior?: Student perceptions of antioch college’s consent policy. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 15(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v15n01_04
   Google Scholar
• Humphreys, T., & Herold, E. (2007). Sexual consent in heterosexual relationships: development of a new measure. Sex Roles, 57(3–4), 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9264-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, S. M., & Cram, F. (2003). Disrupting the sexual double standard: young women’s talk about heterosexuality. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42(1), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466603763276153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joffe, H. (2012). Thematic analysis. In D. Harper & A. Thompson (Eds.), Qualitative research methods in mental health and psychotherapy. (pp. 210–223). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, A. M., & Hoover, S. M. (2015). The potential of sexual consent interventions on college campuses: A literature review on the barriers to establishing affirmative sexual consent. Pure Insights, 4(1), 5. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/pure/vol4/iss1/5
   Google Scholar
• Jozkowski, K. N., Manning, J., & Hunt, M. (2018). Sexual consent in and out of the bedroom: disjunctive views of heterosexual college students. Women’s Studies in Communication, 41(2), 117–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2018.1470121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jozkowski, K. N., Marcantonio, T. L., Rhoads, K. E., Canan, S., Hunt, M. E., & Willis, M. (2019). A content analysis of sexual consent and refusal communication in mainstream films. The Journal of Sex Research, 56(6), 754–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1595503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jozkowski, K. N., & Peterson, Z. D. (2013). College students and sexual consent: unique insights. Journal of Sex Research, 50(6), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.700739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jozkowski, K. N., Peterson, Z. D., Sanders, S. A., Dennis, B., & Reece, M. (2014). Gender differences in heterosexual college students’ conceptualizations and indicators of sexual consent: Implications for contemporary sexual assault prevention education. The Journal of Sex Research, 51(8), 904–916. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2013.792326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krebs, C., Lindquist, C., Warner, T., Fisher, B., & Martin, S. (2007). The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study. National Institute of Justice. accessed 02 July 2020), https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/221153.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Littleton, H., Grills, A., Layh, M., & Rudolph, K. (2017). Unacknowledged rape and re-victimization risk: Examination of potential mediators. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 41(4), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684317720187
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcantonio, T., Jozkowski, K. N., & Wiersma-Mosley, J. (2018b). The influence of partner status and sexual behavior on college women’s consent communication and feelings. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(8), 776–786. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2018.1474410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcantonio, T., Jozkowski, N., & Lo, W. (2018a). Beyond “just saying no”: A preliminary evaluation of strategies college students use to refuse sexual activity. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(2), 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1130-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGregor, J. (2005). Is it rape?: On acquaintance rape and taking women’s consent seriously. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Moylan, C., & Javorka, M. (2020). Widening the lens: an ecological review of campus sexual assault. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 21(1), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018756121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muehlenhard, C. L., Humphreys, T. P., Jozkowski, K. N., & Peterson, Z. D. (2016). The complexities of sexual consent among college students: A conceptual and empirical review. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(4–5), 457–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1146651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro, V. E. (2010). An unholy trinity? Non-consent, coercion and exploitation in contemporary legal responses to sexual violence in England and Wales. Current Legal Problems, 63(1), 45–71. https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/63.1.45
   Google Scholar
• NUS. (2010). Hidden marks: a study of women students’ experiences of harassment, stalking, violence and sexual assault.
   Google Scholar
• Office for National Statistics (2019) Sexual offences in England and Wales. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/sexualoffencesinenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2017 (accessed November 02 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, Z. D., & Muehlenhard, C. L. (2007). Conceptualizing the “wantedness” of women’s consensual and nonconsensual sexual experiences: Implications for how women label their experiences with rape. Journal of Sex Research, 44(1), 72–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490709336794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, A. (2008). Amor fati? Gender habitus and young people’s negotiation of (hetero) sexual consent. Journal of Sociology, 44(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783308089168
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rainn.org (2019) Effects of Sexual Violence | RAINN. Retrieved September 11 2019 from https://www.rainn.org/effects-sexual-violence
   Google Scholar
• Randall, M. (2010). Sexual assault law, credibility, and “ideal victims”: consent, resistance, and victim blaming. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law, 22(2), 397–433. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.22.2.397
   Google Scholar
• Rape Crisis England & Wales (2019). Retrieved August 21 2019, from https://rapecrisis.org.uk/get-informed/about-sexual-violence/statisticssexual-violence/
   Google Scholar
• Righi, M., Bogen, K., Kuo, C., & Orchowski, L. (2019). A qualitative analysis of beliefs about sexual consent among high school students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Epub Ahead of Print, 11(April), 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519842855
   Google Scholar
• Rowe, E., & Hills, P. (2020). The effect of passively viewing a consent campaign video on attitudes toward rape. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1741. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (1986). Sexual scripts. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 15, 97–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01542219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirling, J., Hills, P. & Wignall, L. (2020). Narrative approach to understand people’s comprehension of acquaintance rape: The role of Sex Role Stereotyping. Psychology & Sexuality, Online first, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2020.1745873
   Google Scholar
• Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291295
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Testa, M., & Livingston, J. A. (2009). Alcohol consumption and women’s vulnerability to sexual victimization: Can reducing women’s drinking prevent rape? Substance Use & Misuse, 44(9–10), 1349–1376. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080902961468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Teijlingen, E. R., & Hundley, V. (2002). The importance of pilot studies. Nursing Standard, 16(40), 33–36. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2002.06.16.40.33.c3214
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiederman, M. W. (2005). The gendered nature of sexual scripts. The Family Journal, 13(4), 496–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480705278729
   Google Scholar
• Willis, M., Hunt, M., Wodika, A., Rhones, D., Goodman, J., & Jozkowski, K. (2019). Explicit verbal sexual consent communication: effects of gender, relationship status, and type of sexual behaviour. International Journal of Sexual Health, 31(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2019.1565793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, M., Jozkowski, K., Canan, S., Rhoads, K., & Hunt, M. (2020). Models of sexual consent communication by film rating: a content analysis. Sexuality & Culture Online First. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-020-09731-7
   Google Scholar
• Willis, M., & Jozkowski, K. N. (2019). Sexual precedent’s effect on sexual consent communication. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(6), 1723–1734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1348-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, M., Jozkowski, K. N., & Read, J. (2019). Sexual consent in K–12 sex education: An analysis of current health education standards in the United States. Sex Education, 19(2), 226–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2018.1510769
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthen, M., & Wallace, S. (2017). Intersectionality and perceptions about sexual assault education and reporting on college campuses. Family Relations, 66(1), 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar