Leucaena leucocephala and adjacent native limestone forest habitats contrast in soil properties on Tinian Island

References

• Donnegan JA, Butler SL, Grabowiecki W, Hiserote BA, Limtiaco D. Guam's forest resources, 2002. Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-243. Portland: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Marler T, Haynes J, Lindström A. Cycas micronesica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010; e.T61316A12462113; http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T61316A12462113.en
   Google Scholar
• USFWS [US. Fish and Wildlife Service]. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; endangered status for 16 species and threatened status for 7 species in Micronesia. Federal Register 2015; 80(190):59424-97.
   Google Scholar
• Marler TE. Cycad aulacaspis scale invades the Mariana Islands. Memoirs New York Botanical Garden 2012; 106:20-35.
   Google Scholar
• Marler TE. Temporal variations in leaf miner, butterfly, and stem borer infestations of Cycas micronesica in relation to Aulacaspis yasumatsui incidence. HortScience 2013; 48:1334-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marler TE, Lawrence JH. Demography of Cycas micronesica on Guam following introduction of the armoured scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui. J Trop Ecol 2012; 28:233-42; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266467412000119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. Conserving our nation's only native cycad species. Currents 2014; Fall, p. 28-31. Available at: http://greenfleet.dodlive.mil/files/2014/10/Fall14_Conserving_Cycad_Species.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Marler TE, Dongol N, Cruz GN. Plastic responses mediated by identity recognition in below-ground competition in Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill. Trop Cons Science 2016; 9:648-57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Hulme PE, Pergl J, Hejda M, Schaffner U, Vilà M. A global assessment of invasive plant impacts on resident species, communities and ecosystems: the interaction of impact measures, invading species' traits and environment. Glob Change Biol 2012; 18:1725-37; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02636.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilà M, Espinar JL, Hejda M, Hulme PE, Jarošík V, Maron JL, Pergl J, Schaffner U, Sun Y, Pyšek P. Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their effects on species, communities and ecosystems. Ecol Letters 2011; 14:702-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01628.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulme PE, Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Pergl J, Schaffner U, Vilà M. Bias and error in understanding plant invasion impacts. Trends Ecol & Evol 2013; 28:212-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read MD, Kang BT, Wilson GF. Use of Leucaena leucocephala (Lain.de Wit) leaves as nitrogen source for crop production. Fert Res 1985; 8:107-16; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048894
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smil V. Cycles of Life. Scientific American Library. New York: 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Heijden MG, Bardgett RD, Van Straalen NM. The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2008; 11:296-310; PMID:18047587; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Putten WH, Bardgett RD, Bever JD, et al. Plant-soil feedback: the past, present and future challenges. J Ecol 2013; 101:265-76; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haubensak KA, Parker IM. Soil changes accompanying invasion of the exotic shrub Cytisus scoparius in glacial outwash prairies of western Washington [USA]. Plant Ecology 2004; 175:71-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048088.32708.58; http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048088.32708.58
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu H, Liu W, Wan F, Liu B. An invasive aster (Ageratina adenophora) invades and dominates forest understories in China: altered soil microbial communities facilitate the invader and inhibit natives. Plant Soil 2007; 294:73-85; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9230-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimeno I, Vilà M, Hulme PE. Are islands more susceptible to plant invasion than continents? A test using Oxalis pes-caprae L. in the western Mediterranean. J Biogeography 2006; 33:1559-65; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01525.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marutani M, Manalastas E. Evaluation of two methods to estimate the populations of indigenous N-fixers associated with tropical legumes. Micronesica 2000; 33:153-60.
   Google Scholar
• Chimphango SBM, Potgieter G, Cramer MD. Differentiation of the biogeochemical niches of legumes and non-legumes in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Plant Ecology 2015; 216:1583-95; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-015-0542-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron KC, Di HJ, Moir JL. Nitrogen losses from the soil/plant system: a review. Ann Appl Biol 2013; 162:145-73; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.12014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer-Lorenzen M. The functional role of biodiversity in the context of global change. In Forests and global change, Eds Burslem D, Coomes D, Simonson W, Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, MA: 2014; 195-238.
   Google Scholar
• Lang AC, von Oheimb G, Scherer-Lorenzen M, et al. Mixed afforestation of young subtropical trees promotes nitrogen acquisition and retention. J Applied Ecol 2014; 51:224-33; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer-Lorenzen M, Palmborg C, Prinz A, Schulze E-D. The role of plant diversity and composition for nitrate leaching in grasslands. Ecology 2003; 84:1539-52; http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084%5b1539:TROPDA%5d2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dirnböck T, Kobler J, Kraus D, Grote R, Kiese R. Impacts of management and climate change on nitrate leaching in a forested karst area. J Envir Management 2016; 165:243-52; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.09.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger WH, Bernhardt ES. Biogeochemistry: An analysis of global change. 3rd ed. Academic Press; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez-Girón A, Díaz-Pinés E, Agustín Rubio A, Gavilán RG. Both altitude and vegetation affect temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in Mediterranean high mountain soils. Geoderma 2015; 237:1-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quan Q, Wang CH, He NP, et al. Forest type affects the coupled relationships of soil C and N mineralization in the temperate forests of northern China. Sci Rep 2014; 4:1-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barney JN. Invasive plant management must be driven by a holistic understanding of invader impacts. Applied Vegetation Science 2016; 19:183-4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12239
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao C, Peng R, Luo Y et al. Altered ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles by plant invasion: a meta-analysis. New Phytol 2008; 177:706-14; PMID:18042198; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02290.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardon C, Piola F, Bellvert F, Zhou X, Wu X, Fang C, Chen J, Li B. Evidence for biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) by plant secondary metabolites. New Phytol 2014; 204:621-31; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12944
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne R, Calonje M, Hill K, Stanberg L, Stevenson DW. The world list of cycads. Memoirs New York Botanical Garden 2012; 106:480-508.
   Google Scholar
• Brummitt NA, Bachman SP, Griffiths-Lee J, Lutz M, Moat JF, Farjon A, Donaldson JS, Hilton-Taylor C, Meagher TR, Albuquerque S, et al. Green plants in the red: A baseline global assessment for the IUCN sampled Red List Index for plants. PloS one 2015; 10:e0135152; PMID:26252495; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fragniere Y, Bétrisey S, Cardinaux L, Stoffel M, Kozlowski G. Fighting their last stand? A global analysis of the distribution and conservation status of gymnosperms. J Biogeography 2015; 42:809-20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12480
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USFWS [US. Fish and Wildlife Service]. Biological opinion for the joint Guam program office relocation of the US. Marine Corps from Okinawa to Guam and associated activities on Guam and Tinian. 2010; United States: Department of the Interior.
   Google Scholar
• Young FJ. Soil survey of the islands of Aguijan, Rota, Saipan, and Tinian, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson DW, Sommers LE. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. p. 961-1010. In: Sparks DL (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. SSSA Book Series No. Five. SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI: 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Mehlich A. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 1984; 15:1409-16; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103628409367568
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.P.A. [United States Environmental Protection Agency]. EPA Method 3005. Cincinnati, Ohio: USEPA; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Eno CF. Nitrate production in the field by incubating the soil in polyethylene bags. Proc Soil Sci Soc Am 1960; 24:277-9; http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400040019x
   Google Scholar
• Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ. Biometry: The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 4th Edition. New York: WH Freeman; 2011.
   Google Scholar