Hypersensitivity to man-made electromagnetic fields (EHS) correlates with immune responsivity to oxidative stress: a case report

References

• De Luca C, Chung Sheun Thai J, Raskovic D, et al. Metabolic and genetic screening of electromagnetic hypersensitive subjects as a feasible tool for diagnostics and intervention. Mediators Inflamm. 2014 Apr 9;2014:1–13. doi: 10.1155/2014/924184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belpomme D, Irigaray P. Why electrohypersensitivity and related symptoms are caused by non-ionizing man-made electromagnetic fields: an overview and medical assessment. Environ Res. 2022;212:113374.
   Google Scholar
• ICNIRP International commission on non-ionizing radiation protection. Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 2020;118(5):483–524. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pall ML. Wi-fi is an important threat to human health. Environ Res. 2018;164:405–416. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO 2007. World Health Organization. Extremely low frequency fields. Environ Health Criteria Monograph. 2007;(238). Available from: http://www.who.int/pehemf/publications/Complet_DEC_2007.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Belyaev I, Dean A, Eger H, et al. EUROPAEM EMF guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses. Rev Environ Health. 2016;31(3):363–397. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leszczynski D. Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS). Rev Environ Health. 2022;37(3):423–450. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0038
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHO 2014. World Health Organization. Electromagnetic fields and public health: mobile phones; fact sheet No.193. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Lai H. Exposure to static and extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields and cellular free radicals. Electromagn Biol Med. 2019;38(4):231–248. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1656645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pooam M, Jourdan N, El Esawi M, et al. HEK293 cell response to static magnetic fields via the radical pair mechanism may explain therapeutic effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields. PLOS ONE. 2020 Dec 3;15(12):e0243038. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243038
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sherrard RM, Morellini N, Jourdan N, et al. Low-intensity electromagnetic fields induce human cryptochrome to modulate intracellular reactive oxygen species. PLOS Biol. 2018 Oct 2;16(10):e2006229. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006229
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Durdik M, Kosik P, Markova E, et al. Microwaves from mobile phone induce reactive oxygen species but not DNA damage, preleukemic fusion genes and apoptosis in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 7;9(1):16182. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52389-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gurhan H, Bajtoš M, Barnes F. Weak radiofrequency field effects on chemical parameters that characterize oxidative stress in human fibrosarcoma and fibroblast cells. Biomolecules. 2023;13(7):1112. doi: 10.3390/biom13071112
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pooam M, Jourdan N, Aguida B, et al. Exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field modulates ROS in human HEK293 cells as a function of signal amplitude. Communicative & Intgr Biol. 2022;15(1):54–66. doi: 10.1080/19420889.2022.2027698
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnes F, Freeman JER. Some thoughts on the possible health effects of electric and magnetic fields and exposure guidelines. Front Public Health. [2022 Sep 15;10:994758. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.994758 PMID: 36187692; PMCID: PMC9521330.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Usselman R, Chavarriaga C, Castello P, et al. The quantum biology of reactive oxygen species partitioning impacts cellular bioenergetics. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):38543. doi: 10.1038/srep38543
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sies H. Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine. Redox Biol. 2015;4:180–183. pmid:25588755. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, et al. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39(1):44–84. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguida B, Chabi M-M, Baouz S, et al. Near-infrared light exposure triggers ROS to downregulate inflammatory cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human cell culture. Antioxidants. 2023;12(10):1824. doi: 10.3390/antiox12101824
   Google Scholar
• Aerts S, Verloock L, Van den Bossche M, et al. Emissions from smart meters and other residential radiofrequency sources. Health Phys. 2019;116(6):776–788. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001032
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jalilian H, Eeftens M, Ziaei M, et al. Public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in everyday microenvironments: an updated systematic review for Europe. Environ Res. 2019 Sep;176:108517. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.048. Epub 2019 May 31. PMID: 31202043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Vazquez R, Escobar I, Franco T, et al. Physical units to report intensity of electromagnetic wave. Environ Res. 2022;204, Part C: 112341. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramirez-Vazquez R, Escobar I, Vandenbosch GAE, et al. Personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: a comparative analysis of international, national, and regional guidelines. Environ Research. 2024; 246: Article number 118124. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118124
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramirez-Vazquez R, Escobar I, Vandenbosch GE, et al. Enrique Arribas measurement studies of personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: a systematic review. Environ Res. 2023 Feb 1;218:114979. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114979
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dieudonné M. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: a critical review of explanatory hypotheses. Environ Health. 2020 May 6;19(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12940-020-00602-0. PMID: 32375774; PMCID: PMC7201940.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hajhashemi V, Vaseghi G, Pourfarzam M, et al. Are antioxidants helpful for disease prevention? Res Pharm Sci. 2010 Jan;5(1):1–8. PMID: 21589762; PMCID: PMC3093095.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meulmeester FL, Luo J, Martens LG, et al. Antioxidant supplementation in oxidative stress-related diseases: what have we learned from studies on alpha-tocopherol? Antioxidants. 2022;11(12):2322. doi: 10.3390/antiox11122322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. Aims Biophys. 2017;4(3):337–361. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2017.3.337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguida B, Pooam M, Ahmad M, et al. Infrared light therapy relieves TLR-4 dependent hyper-inflammation of the type induced by COVID-19. Commun Integr Biol. 2021;14(1):200–211. doi: 10.1080/19420889.2021.1965718
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Görlach A, Bertram K, Hudecova S, et al. Calcium and ROS: a mutual interplay. Redox Biol. 2015 Dec;6:260–271. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.010. Epub 2015 Aug 11. PMID: 26296072; PMCID: PMC4556774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morabito C, Rovetta F, Bizzarri M, et al. Modulation of redox status and calcium handling by extremely Low frequency electromagnetic Fields in C2C12 muscle cells: a real-time, single-cell approach. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;48(4):579–589. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertagna F, Lewis R, Ravi S, et al. Effects of electromagnetic fields on neuronal ion channels: a systematic review. 2021. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1499(1):82–103. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14597
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dufor T, Lohof AM, Sherrard RM. Magnetic stimulation as a therapeutic approach for brain modulation and repair: underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(22):16456. doi: 10.3390/ijms242216456
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joneidi Z, Mortazavi Y, Memari F, et al. The impact of genetic variation on metabolism of heavy metals: genetic predisposition? Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 May;113:108642. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108642. Epub 2019 Mar 5. PMID: 30849640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar