Critical thinking and Catholic religious education: an empirical research report from the Philippines

References

• Bailin, S. 1999. “The Problem with Percy: Epistemology, Understanding and Critical Thinking.” Informal Logic 19 (2–3): 161–170.
   Google Scholar
• Bailin, S., Roland Case, Jerrold R. Coombs, Leroi B. Daniels, 1999. “Conceptualizing Critical Thinking.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 31 (3): 285–302. doi: 10.1080/002202799183133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailin, S., and H. Siegel. 2007. “The Nature of Critical Thinking.” In The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Education, edited by N. Blake, P. Smeyers, R. Smith, and P. Standish, 181–193. London: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Baxter Magolda, M. B. 1987. “The Affective Dimension of Learning: Faculty-student Relationships That Enhance Intellectual Development.” College Student Journal 21: 46–58.
   Google Scholar
• Baxter Magolda, M. B. 2004. “Evolution of a Constructivist Conceptualization of Epistemological Reflection.” Educational Psychologist 39 (1): 31–42. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep3901_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belenky, M. F., B. Clinchy, N. Goldberger, and J. Tarule. 1986. Women’s Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bernardo, A. B. I. 2008. “Exploring Epistemological Beliefs of Bilingual Filipino Pre-service Teachers in the Filipino and English Languages.” The Journal of Psychology 142 (2): 193–208. doi: 10.3200/JRLP.142.2.193-208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardo, A. B. I. 2009. “Exploring the Links Between Social Axioms and the Epistemological Beliefs About Learning by Filipino Students.” In Psychological Aspects of Social Axioms, edited by K. Leung, and M. H. Bond, 163–175. New York: Springer Science.
   Google Scholar
• Brownlee, J. 2004. “Teacher Education Students’ Epistemological Beliefs.” Research in Education 72: 1–17. doi: 10.7227/RIE.72.1
   Google Scholar
• Carmody, B. 2017. “The Catholic School: Non-confessional?” International Studies in Catholic Education 9 (2): 162–175. doi: 10.1080/19422539.2017.1360608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines. 1997. Catechism for Filipino Catholics. Manila: Word and Life Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines. 2011. Pastoral letter on 400 years of Catholic education in the Philippines. http://www.cbcpnews.com/cbcpnews/?p=324.
   Google Scholar
• Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP). 2014. [Catholic schools and student population, Academic year 2013–14]. Unpublished raw data.
   Google Scholar
• Chai, C. S. 2006. “Teachers’ Professional Development in a Computer-supportive Collaborative Learning Environment: A Descriptive and Interpretive Inquiry.” Unpublished doctoral diss., University of Leicester.
   Google Scholar
• Chai, C. S., F. Deng, B. Wong, and Y. Qian. 2010. “South China Education Majors’ Epistemological Beliefs and Their Conceptions of the Nature of Science.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 19 (1): 111–125. doi: 10.3860/taper.v19i1.1507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chai, C. S., H. Y. Hong, and T. Teo. 2009. “Singaporean and Taiwanese Pre-service Teachers’ Beliefs and Their Attitude Towards ICT Use: A Comparative Study.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 18 (1): 117–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chai, C. S., and M. S. Khine. 2008. “Assessing the Epistemological Beliefs among Pre-service Teachers in Singapore.” In Knowing, Knowledge, and Beliefs, edited by M. S. Khine, 287–299. Perth: Springer Science.
   Google Scholar
• Chai, C. S., T. Teo, and C. B. Lee. 2008. The Change in Epistemological Beliefs and Beliefs About Teaching and Learning: A Study among Pre-service Teachers. Singapore: National Institute of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Chai, C. S., T. Teo, and C. B. Lee. 2010. “Modeling the Relationships among Beliefs About Learning, Knowledge, and Teaching of Pre-service Teachers in Singapore.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 19 (1): 25–42. doi: 10.3860/taper.v19i1.1507
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, K. W. 2010. “The Role of Epistemological Beliefs in Hong Kong Pre-service Teachers' Learning.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 19 (1): 7–24. doi: 10.3860/taper.v19i1.1506
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, K. W., and R. G. Elliott. 2000. “Exploratory Study of Epistemological Beliefs of Hong Kong Teacher Education Students: Resolving Conceptual and Empirical Issues.” Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education 28 (3): 225–234. doi: 10.1080/713650691
   Google Scholar
• Chan, K. W., and R. G. Elliott. 2002. “Exploratory Study of Hong Kong Teacher Education Students’ Epistemological Beliefs: Cultural Perspectives and Implications on Beliefs Research.” Contemporary Educational Psychology 27 (3): 392–414. doi: 10.1006/ceps.2001.1102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, K. W., and R. G. Elliott. 2004a. “Epistemological Beliefs Across Cultures: Critique and Analysis of Beliefs Structure Studies.” Educational Psychology 24 (2): 123–142. doi: 10.1080/0144341032000160100
   Google Scholar
• Chan, K. W., and R. G. Elliott. 2004b. “Relational Analysis of Personal Epistemology and Conceptions About Teaching and Learning.” Teaching and Teacher Education 20: 817–831. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2004.09.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler, M., M. Boyes, and L. Ball. 1990. “Relativism and Stations of Epistemic Doubt.” Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 50: 370–395. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(90)90076-K
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Congregation for Catholic Education. 1988. The religious dimension of education in a Catholic school. http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_19880407_catholic-school_en.html.
   Google Scholar
• Duquoc, C. 1985. “An Active Role for the People of God in Defining the Church’s Faith.” In The Teaching Authority of Believers, edited by J.-B. Metz and E. Schillebeeckx, 73–81. Edinburgh: Concilium. 180.
   Google Scholar
• Ennis, R. 1962. “A Concept of Critical Thinking: A Proposed Basis for Research in the Teaching and Evaluation of Critical Thinking Ability.” Harvard Educational Review 32: 81–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennis, R. 1993. “Critical Thinking Assessment.” Theory into Practice 32 (3): 179–186. doi: 10.1080/00405849309543594
   Google Scholar
• Episcopal Commission on Education and Religious Instruction. 1985. Maturing in Christian Faith: National Catechetical Directory for the Philippines (NCDP). Manila: St. Paul.
   Google Scholar
• Gottlieb, E., and Institute Mandel Leadership 2007. “Learning how to Believe: Epistemic Development in Cultural Context.” Journal of the Learning Sciences 16 (1): 5–35. doi: 10.1080/10508400709336941
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez, A.L.V. (2007). Catholic Schools in the Philippines: Beacons of Hope in Asia. In G. Grace & Joseph O’Keefe, S. J. (Eds.), International Handbook of Catholic Education: Challenges for Schools in the 21st Century (pp. 709–723). Grand Rapids: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Hare, W. 1979. Open-mindedness and Education. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hare, W. 1985. In Defence of Open-mindedness. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hofer, B. K. 2001. “Personal Epistemology Research: Implications for Learning and Teaching.” Educational Psychology Review 13 (4): 353–383. doi: 10.1023/A:1011965830686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofer, B. K. 2010. “Personal Epistemology in Asia: Burgeoning Research and Future Directions.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 19 (1): 179–184. doi: 10.3860/taper.v19i1.1516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofer, B. K., and P. R. Pintrich. 1997. “The Development of Epistemological Theories: Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing and Their Relation to Learning.” Review of Educational Research 67 (1): 88–140. doi: 10.3102/00346543067001088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofer, B. K., and P. R. Pintrich, eds. 2002. Personal Epistemology: The Psychology of Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hong, H. P., and S. P. Lin. 2010. “Teacher-education Students’ Epistemological Belief Change Through Collaborative Knowledge Building.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 19 (1): 99–110. doi: 10.3860/taper.v19i1.1511
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John Paul II, Pope. 1979, October 16. Catechesi Tradendae. http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_16101979_catechesi-tradendae.html.
   Google Scholar
• John Paul II, Pope. 1998. Encyclical letter. Fides et ratio (On the relation between faith and reason) (14 September 1998). http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_14091998_fides-et-ratio.html.
   Google Scholar
• King, P. M. 1992. “Learning how to Make Reflective Judgment.” Liberal Education 78 (1): 2–9.
   Google Scholar
• King, P. M., and K. S. Kitchener. 1994. Developing Reflective Judgment: Understanding and Promoting Intellectual Growth and Critical Thinking in Adolescents and Adults. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• King, P. M., and K. S. Kitchener. 2002. “The Reflective Judgement Model: Twenty Years of Research on Epistemic Cognition.” In Personal Epistemology: The Psychology of Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing, edited by B. K. Hofer and P. R. Pintrich, 37–62. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• King, P. M., and K. S. Kitchener. 2004. “Reflective Judgment: Theory and Research on the Development of Epistemic Assumptions Through Adulthood.” Educational Psychologist 39 (1): 5–18. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep3901_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitchener. 1983. “Cognition, Metacognition, and Epistemic Cognition: A Three-level Model of Cognitive Processing.” Human Development 4: 222–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, D. 1991. The Skills of Argument. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, D. 1999. “A Developmental Model of Critical Thinking.” Educational Researcher 28 (2): 16–25, 46. doi: 10.3102/0013189X028002016
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, D. 2000. “Metacognitive Development.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 9 (5): 178–181. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.00088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, D. 2001. “How do People Know?” Psychological Science 12 (1): 1–8. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, D., R. Cheney, and M. Weinstock. 2000. “The Development of Epistemological Understanding.” Cognitive Development 15 (3): 309–328. doi: 10.1016/S0885-2014(00)00030-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, D., and S. H. Park. 2005. “Epistemological Understanding and the Development of Intellectual Values.” International Journal of Educational Research 43: 111–124. doi: 10.1016/j.ijer.2006.05.003
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, D., and M. Weinstock. 2002. “What Is Epistemological Thinking and Why Does it Matter?” In Personal Epistemology: The Psychology of Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing, edited by B. K. Hofer, and P. R. Pintrich, 121–144. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Magno, C. 2010. “Looking at Filipino Pre-service Teachers’ Value for Education Through Epistemological Beliefs About Learning and Asian Values.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 19 (1): 61–78. doi: 10.3860/taper.v19i1.1509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansfield, A. F., and B. M. Clinchy. 2002. “Toward the Integration of Objectivity and Subjectivity: Epistemological Development from 10 to 16.” New Ideas in Psychology 20: 225–262. doi: 10.1016/S0732-118X(02)00008-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonough, G. P. 2009. “Can There be ‘Faithful Dissent’ within Catholic Religious Education in Schools?” International Studies in Catholic Education 1 (2): 187–199. doi: 10.1080/19422530903138150
   Google Scholar
• McDonough, G. P. 2011. “What is Assumed About a Catholic Student’s Ecclesial Agency, and why it Matters to Catholic Schooling.” Catholic Education: A Journal of Inquiry and Practice 14 (3): 272–291.
   Google Scholar
• McDonough, G. P. 2015. “The Catholic School, Controversial Issues and the Laity: a Canadian Research Study.” International Studies in Catholic Education 7 (2): 162–177. doi: 10.1080/19422539.2015.1072956
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moshman, D. 1995. “Reasoning as Self-constrained Thinking.” Human Development 38: 53–64. doi: 10.1159/000278299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moshman, D. 2015. Epistemic Cognition and Development: The Psychology of Justification and Truth. New York: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Passmore, J. 1967. “On Teaching to be Critical.” In The Concept of Education, edited by R. S. Peters, 192–211. New York: Humanities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Paul, R. W. 1990. Critical Thinking. Rohnert Park, CA: Center for Critical thinking and Moral Critique, Sonoma State University.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, W. G. Jr., N. A. Sprinthall, J. W. Wideman, and F. J. Jones. 1968. Patterns of Development in Thought and Values of Students in a Liberal Arts College: A Validation of a Scheme. Boston, MA: Harvard University; Cambridge, MA: Bureau of Study Counsel.
   Google Scholar
• Pilarczyk, D. 1998. “What is a Catholic School?” Origins 28 (23): 405–408.
   Google Scholar
• The Republic of the Philippines National Statistics Office. 2012. 2010 Census of Population and Housing Report.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, P. R. 1984. “Monitoring Text Comprehension: Individual Differences in Epistemological Standards.” Journal of Educational Psychology 76 (2): 248–258. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.76.2.248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rymarz, R. 2012. “Faithful Dissent and Religious Education in Canadian Catholic Schools: A Response to McDonough.” International Studies in Catholic Education 4 (1): 82–91. doi: 10.1080/19422539.2012.650493
   Google Scholar
• Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education (SCCE). 1977. The Catholic School. http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_19770319_catholic-school_en.html.
   Google Scholar
• Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education (SCCE). 1982. Lay Catholics in schools: Witnesses to faith. http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccatheduc/documents/rc_con_ccatheduc_doc_19821015_lay-catholics_en.html.
   Google Scholar
• Scheffler, I. 1973. Reason and Teaching. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Schoenfeld, A. 1983. “Beyond the Purely Cognitive: Belief Systems, Social Cognitions, and Metacognitions as Driving Forces in Intellectual Performance.” Cognitive Science 7 (4): 329–363. doi: 10.1207/s15516709cog0704_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schommer, M. 1994. “Synthesizing Epistemological Belief Research: Tentative Understandings and Provocative Confusions.” Educational Psychology Review 6 (4): 293–319. doi: 10.1007/BF02213418
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schraw, G. J., and L. J. Olafson. 2002. “Teachers’ Epistemological Worldviews and Educational Practices.” Issues in Education 8: 99–148.
   Google Scholar
• Siegel, H. 1988. Educating Reason: Rationality, Critical Thinking and Education. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, T. 2012. Beliefs About God Across Time and Countries. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• So, H. J., J. Y. Lee, S. Z. Roh, and S. K. Lee. 2010. “Examining Epistemological Beliefs of pre-Service Teachers in Korea.” The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 19 (1): 79–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, B. C. 2000. “Pre-service Teachers’ Epistemology Viewed Through Perspectives on Problematic Classroom Situations.” Journal of Education for Teaching 26 (3): 279–305. doi: 10.1080/713676891
   Google Scholar