Ecological gait dynamics: stability, variability and optimal design

Referance

• N.A. Bernstein, 1935. The problem of interrelation between coordination and localization. Archives of Biological Science, 38, 1–35 (translated from Russian)
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , N . 1967 . Coordination and regulation of movements , New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , NA . 1996 . “ On dexterity and its development ” . In Dexterity and its development , Edited by: Latash , ML and Turvey , MT . 97 – 207 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Brizuela , G . 1997 . The influence of basketball shoes with increased ankle support on shock attenuation and performance in running and jumping . Journal of Sports Science , 15 : 505 – 515 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley , JG . 2008 . Visual guidance of landing behavior when stepping down to a new level . Experimental Brain Research , 184 ( 2 ) : 223 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carello , C and Turvey , MT . 2004 . Physics and psychology of the muscle sense . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 13 : 25 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cauna , N . 1965 . “ The effects of aging on the receptor organs of the human dermis ” . In Advances in biology of skin, vol. 6: Aging , Edited by: Montagna , W . 63 – 96 . New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chang , R , Van Emmerik , REA and Hamill , J . 2008 . Quantifying rearfoot-forefoot coordination in human walking . Journal of Biomechanics , 41 : 3101 – 3105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiel , HJ and Beer , RD . 1997 . The brain has a body: adaptive behavior emerges from interactions of nervous system, body and environment . Trends in Neuroscience , 20 : 553 – 557 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clement , DB . 1981 . A survey of overuse running injuries . Physician and Sports Medicine , 9 ( 5 ) : 47 – 58 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cloak , R , Galloway , S and Wyon , M . 2010 . The effect of ankle bracing on peak mediolateral ground reaction force during cutting maneuvers in collegiate male basketball players . Journal of Strength and Conditioning , 24 : 2429 – 2433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad , M . 1986 . “ What is the use of chaos? ” . In Chaos , Edited by: Holden , AV . 3 – 14 . Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cowie , D , Braddock , O and Atkinson , J . 2008 . Visual control of action in step descent . Experimental Brain Research , 186 ( 2 ) : 343 – 348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davids , K . 2003 . Movement systems as dynamical systems: the functional role of variability and its implications for sports medicine . Sports Medicine , 33 ( 4 ) : 245 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickenson , M . 2000 . How animals move: an integrative view . Science , 288 : 100 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingwell , JB and Cavanagh , PR . 2001 . Increased variability of continuous overground walking in neuropathic patients is only indirectly related to sensory loss . Gait and Posture , 14 ( 1 ) : 1 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingwell , JB . 2000 . Slower speeds in patients with diabetic neuropathy lead to improved local dynamic stability of continuous overground walking . Journal of Biomechanics , 33 ( 10 ) : 1269 – 1277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingwell , JB . 2001 . Local dynamic stability versus kinematic variability of continuous overground and treadmill walking . Biomechanical Engineering , 123 : 27 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duchon , AP and Warren , W . 2002 . A visual equalization strategy for locomotor control: of honeybees, robots, and humans . Psychological Science , 13 : 272 – 278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , E . 2004 . Characteristic plantar pressure distribution patterns during soccer-specific movements . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 32 : 140 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fajen , BR , Riley , MA and Turvey , MT . 2009 . Information, affordances, and the control of action in sport . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 40 : 79 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitch , H , Tuller , B and Turvey , MT . 1982 . “ The Bernstein perspective: III. Tuning of coordinative structures with special reference to perception ” . In Understanding human motor control , Edited by: Kelso , JAS . 271 – 281 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Full , RJ and Koditschek , DE . 1999 . Templates and anchors: neuromechanical hypotheses of legged locomotion on land . Journal of Experimental Biology , 202 : 3325 – 3332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , JJ . 1958 . Visually controlled locomotion and visual orientation in animals . British Journal of Psychology , 49 : 182 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , JJ . 1986 . The ecological approach to visual perception , New York : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gilmore , R . 1981 . Catastrophe theory for scientists and engineers , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Greene , P . 1972 . “ Problems of organization of motor systems ” . In Progress in theoretical biology , Edited by: Rosen , R and Snell , F . Vol. 2 , 303 – 339 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hamill , J , Derrick , TR and Holt , KG . 1995 . Shock attenuation and stride frequency during running . Human Movement Science , 14 : 45 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamill , J , Haddad , JM and McDermott , WJ . 2000 . Issues in quantifying variability from a dynamical systems perspective . Journal of Applied Biomechanics , 16 : 407 – 418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamill , J . 1999 . A dynamical systems approach to lower extremity running injuries . Clinical Biomechanics , 14 : 297 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingber , DE . 2008 . Tensegrity and mechanotransduction . Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies , 12 : 198 – 200 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelso , JAS . 1995 . Dynamic patters; the self-organization of brain and behavior , 1st , Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kelso , JAS , Scholz , JP and Schöner , G . 1988 . Dynamics govern switching among patterns of coordination in biological movement . Physics Letters A , 134 : 8 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kugler , PN and Turvey , MT . 1987 . Information, natural law, and the self-assembly of rhythmic movements , Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Kurz , MJ and Stergiou , N . 2003 . The aging humans neuromuscular system expresses less certainty for selecting joint kinematics during gait . Neuroscience Letters , 348 ( 3 ) : 155 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaFiandra , M . et al., 2002. The effect of walking speed and adding a backpack on trunk dynamics during treadmill walking (Technical Report No. T03-3). U.S. Army Institute of Environmental Medicine: U.S. Army
   Google Scholar
• Lamoth , CJC . 2009 . Steady and transient coordination structures of walking and running . Human Movement Science , 28 ( 3 ) : 371 – 386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latash , ML . 1993 . Control of human movement , Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Latash , ML , Scholz , J and Schöner , G . 2002 . Motor control strategies revealed in the structure of motor variability . Exercise and Sport Science Reviews , 30 : 26 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layne , LA and Pollack , KM . 2004 . Nonfatal occupational injuries from slips, trips, and falls among older workers treated in hospital emergency departments, United States 1998 . American Journal of Industrial Medicine , 46 ( 1 ) : 32 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , DN and Lishman , R . 1977 . Visual control of locomotion . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 18 : 224 – 230 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , DN , Lee , MH , Durnford , SJ , Crowley , JS and Rupert , AH . 1997 . Visual vestibular interaction in the dynamic visual acuity test during voluntary head rotation . Aviation and Space Environmental Medicine , 68 : 111 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , SM . 2002 . The tensegrity-truss as a model for spine mechanics: biotensegrity . Journal of Mechanics and Medical Biology , 2 ( 3–4 ) : 375 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magalhaes , FH and Goroso , DG . 2009 . Preparatory EMG activity reveals a rapid adaptation pattern in humans performing landing movements in blindfolded condition . Perceptual Motor Skills , 109 ( 2 ) : 500 – 516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marigold , DS and Patla , AE . 2008 . Visual information from the lower visual field is important for walking across multi-surface terrain . Experimental Brain Research , 188 : 23 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNitt-Gray , JL . 1993 . Kinetics of the lower extremities during drop landings from three heights . Journal of Biomechanics , 26 ( 9 ) : 1037 – 1046 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messier , SP and Pittala , KA . 1988 . Etiological factors associated with selected running injuries . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 20 ( 5 ) : 501 – 505 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels , CF and Carello , C . 1981 . Direct perception , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Mulavara , AP and Bloomberg , JJ . 2002 . Identifying head-trunk and lower limb contributions to gaze stabilization during locomotion . Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium and Orientation , 12 ( 5–6 ) : 255 – 269 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulavara , AP , Verstraete , MC and Bloomberg , JJ . 2002 . Modulation of head movement control in humans during treadmill walking . Gait and Posture , 16 ( 3 ) : 271 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , SA . 2009 . Gait variability is altered in patients with peripheral arterial disease . Journal of Vascular Surgery , 49 ( 4 ) : 924 – 931 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newell , KM and Corcos , DM . 1993 . Variability in motor control , Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor , KM and Bottum , MC . 2009 . Differences in cutting knee mechanics based on principle component analysis . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 41 : 867 – 878 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orendurff , MS . 2005 . Regional foot pressure during running, cutting, jumping, and landing . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 36 ( 3 ) : 566 – 571 .
   Google Scholar
• Palatinus , Z , Carello , C and Turvey , MT . 2011 . Principles of part-whole selective perception by dynamic touch extend to the torso . Journal of Motor Behavior , 43 ( 2 ) : 87 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , BT , Van Emmerik , REA and Bloomberg , JJ . 2006 . Stride cycle influence on goal-directed head movements made during walking . Gait and Posture , 24 : 70 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard , CD . 2005 . Gender differences during an unanticipated cutting maneuver . Journal of Applied Biomechanics , 21 : 143 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed , E . 1986 . Motor variability but functional specificity: demise of the concept of motor commands . Behavioral Brain Science , 9 : 620 – 622 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed , ES and Jones , R . 1982 . Reasons for realism , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Riccio , GE . 1993 . “ Information in movement variability about the qualitative dynamics of posture and orientation ” . In Variability and motor control , Edited by: Newell , KM and Corcos , DM . 317 – 357 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Riley , M and Turvey , MT . 2002 . Variability and determinism in motor behavior . Journal of Motor Behavior , 34 : 99 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins , S , Waked , W and McClaran , J . 1995 . Proprioception and stability: foot position awareness as a function of age and footware . Age and Ageing , 24 ( 1 ) : 67 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins , S . 1997 . Foot position awareness in younger and older men: the influence of footwear sole properties . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 45 ( 1 ) : 61 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen , R . 1988 . “ The epistomology of complexity ” . In Dynamic patterns in complex systems , Edited by: Kelso , JAS , Mandell , AJ and Schlesinger , MF . 7 – 29 . Singapore : World Scientific .
   Google Scholar
• Rucci , M . 2007 . Miniature eye movements enhance fine spatial detail . Nature , 447 : 851 – 855 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santello , M , McDonough , MJ and Challis , JH . 2001 . Visual and non-visual control of landing movements in humans . Journal of Physiology , 15 : 313 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarr , G . 2010 . Simple geometry in complex organisms . Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies , 14 : 424 – 444 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scholz , JP and Kelso , JAS . 1990 . Intentional switching between patterns of bimanual coordination is dependent on the intrinsic dynamics of the patterns . Journal of Motor Behavior , 22 : 198 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholz , JP and Schöner , G . 1999 . The uncontrolled manifold concept; identifying control variables for a functional task . Experimental Brain Research , 126 : 289 – 306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholz , JP , Schöner , G and Latash , ML . 2000 . Identifying the control structure of multijoint coordination during pistol shooting . Experimental Brain Research , 135 ( 3 ) : 382 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schöner , G and Kelso , JAS . 1988 . A dynamic pattern theory of behavioral change . Journal of Theoretical Biology , 135 : 501 – 524 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seay , JF , Van Emmerik , REA and Hamill , J . 2011 . Low back pain status affects pelvis-trunk coordination and variability during walking and running . Clinical Biomechanics , 26 ( 6 ) : 572 – 572 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidaway , B , McNitt-Gray , J and Davis , G . 1989 . Visual timing of muscle activation in preparation for voluntary movement in landing . Ecological Psychology , 3 : 253 – 264 .
   Google Scholar
• Sparrow , WA and Newell , KM . 1998 . Metabolic energy expenditure and the regulation of movement economy . Psychological Bulletin and Reviews , 5 ( 2 ) : 173 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strogatz , SH . 1994 . Nonlinear dynamics and chaos , Cambridge , MA : Perseus Books .
   Google Scholar
• Timmis , JG , Bennett , SJ and Buckley , JG . 2009 . Visuomotor control of step descent: evidence of specialized role of the lower visual field . Experimental Brain Research , 195 ( 2 ) : 219 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.T. Turvey, Fitch, H.L., & Tuller, B., 1982. The Bernstein Perspective: I. The problems of degrees of freedom and context-conditioned variability. In: J.A.S. Kelso, ed. Understanding human motor control. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 239–252
   Google Scholar
• Turvey , MT . 1992 . Affordances and prospective control: an outline of the ontology . Ecological Psychology , 4 : 173 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Turvey , MT . 2007 . Action and perception at the level of synergies . Human Movement Science , 26 : 657 – 697 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turvey , MT and Fonseca , S . 2009 . “ Nature of motor control: perspectives and issues ” . In Progress in motor control: a multidisciplinary perspective , Edited by: Sternad , D . 93 – 123 . New York : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Turvey , MT , Shaw , RE and Mace , WM . 1978 . “ Issues in a theory of action: degrees of freedom, coordinative structures, and coalitions ” . In Attention and performance, VII , Edited by: Requin , J . 557 – 592 . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Van Emmerik , REA . 2007 . “ The functional role of movement variability in movement coordination ” . In Ecological task analysis and movement , Edited by: Davis , W and Broadhead , G . 25 – 52 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Van Emmerik , REA and van Wegen , EH . 2000 . On variability and stability in human movement . Journal of Applied Biomechanics , 16 : 394 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Essen , DC , Anderson , CH and Felleman , DJ . 1992 . Information processing in the primate visual system: an integrated systems perspective . Science , 24 : 419 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenaar , RC and Van Emmerik , REA . 2000 . Resonant frequencies of the arms and legs identify different walking patterns . Journal of Biomechanics , 33 ( 7 ) : 853 – 861 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren , WH . 1995 . “ Self-motion: visual perception and visual control ” . In Perception of space and motion , Edited by: Epstein , W and Rogers , S . 263 – 312 . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Warren , WH , Lee , DN and Young , DS . 1986 . Visual control of steplength during running over irregular terrain . Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance , 12 : 259 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , S . 2008 . Shock and impact reduction in moderate and strenuous landing activities . Sports Biomechanics , 7 ( 2 ) : 296 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar