References
- Burkett, L. N., Kohrt, W. M., & Buchbinder, R. (1985). Effects of shoes and foot orthotics on VO2 and selected frontal plane knee kinematics. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 17, 158–163.
- Crowell, H. P., & Davis, I. S. (2011). Gait retraining to reduce lower extremity loading in runners. Clinical Biomechanics, 26, 78–83.
- Davis, I. S., Crowell, H. P., Fellin, R. E., & Altman, A. R. (2009). Reduced impact loading following gait retraining over a 6-month period. Gait and Posture, 30(Supplement 1), S4–S5.
- De Clercq, D., Aerts, P., & Kunnen, M. (1994). The mechanical characteristics of the human heel pad during foot strike in running: An in vivo cineradiographic study. Journal of Biomechanics, 27, 1213–1222.
- Derrick, T. R., Dereu, D., & McLean, S. P. (2002). Impacts and kinematic adjustments during an exhaustive run. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 998–1002.
- De Wit, B., & De Clercq, D. (2000). Timing of lower extremity motions during barefoot and shod running at three velocities. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 16, 169–179.
- De Wit, B., De Clercq, D., & Aerts, P. (2000). Biomechanical analysis of the stance phase during barefoot and shod running. Journal of Biomechanics, 33, 269–278.
- De Wit, B., De Clercq, D., & Lenoir, M. (1995). The effect of varying midsole hardness on impact forces and foot motion during contact in running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 11, 395–406.
- Divert, C., Mornieux, G., Baur, H., Mayer, F., & Belli, A. (2005). Mechanical comparison of barefoot and shod running. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26, 593–598.
- Dixon, S. J. (2008). Use of pressure insoles to compare in-shoe loading for modern running shoes. Ergonomics, 51, 1503–1514.
- Dixon, S. J., Collop, A. C., & Batt, M. E. (2005). Compensatory adjustments in lower extremity kinematics in response to a reduced cushioning of the impact interface in heel-toe running. Sports Engineering, 8, 47–55.
- Dixon, S. J., & Kerwin, D. G. (1999). The influence of heel lift manipulation on sagittal plane kinematics in running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 15, 139–151.
- Franz, J. R., Wierzbinski, C. M., & Kram, R. (2012). Metabolic cost of running barefoot versus shod: Is lighter better? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44, 1519–1525.
- Giandolini, M., Horvais, N., Farges, Y., Samozino, P., & Morin, J.-B. (2013). Impact reduction through long-term intervention in recreational runners: Midfoot strike patten versus low-drop/low-heel height footwear. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113, 2077–2090.
- Goldmann, J., Potthast, W. and Bruggemann, P. (2013). Athletic training with minimal footwear strengthens toe flexor muscles. Footwear Science, 5, 19–25.
- Gruber, A. H., Freedman Silvernail, J., Brueggemann, P., Rohr, E., & Hamill, J. (2013). Footfall patterns during barefoot running on harder and softer surfaces. Footwear Science, 5, 39–44.
- Hamill, J., Russell, E. M., Gruber, A. H., & Miller, R. (2011). Impact characteristics in shod and barefoot running. Footwear Science, 3, 33–40.
- Hanson, N. J., Berg, K., Deka, P., Meendering, J. R., & Ryan, C. (2011). Oxygen cost of running barefoot vs. running shod. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32, 401–406.
- Hasegawa, H., Yamauchi, T., & Kraemer, W. J. (2007). Foot strike patterns of runners at the 15-km point during an elite-level half marathon. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21, 888–893.
- Hatala, K. G., Dingwall, H. L., Wunderlich, R. E., & Richmond, B. G. (2013). Variation in foot strike patterns during running among habitually barefoot populations. PLoS One, 8(1), e52548.
- Heidenfelder, J., Sterzing, T., & Milani, T. L. (2010). Systematically modified crash-pad reduces impact shock in running shoes. Footwear Science, 2, 85–91.
- Lake, M., & Cavanagh, P. (1996). Six weeks of training does not change running mechanics or improve running economy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28, 860–869.
- Lieberman, D. E., Venkadesan, M., Werbel, W. A., Daoud, A. I., D’Andrea, S., Davis, I. S., … Pitsiladis, Y. (2010). Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature, 463, 531–535.
- McNair, P. J., & Marshall, R. N. (1994). Kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with running in different shoes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 28, 256–260.
- Miller, E. E., Whitcome, K. K., Lieberman, D. E., Norton, H. L., & Dyer, R. E. (2014). The effect of minimal shoes on arch structure and intrinsic foot muscle strength. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 3, 74–85.
- Milner, C. E., Ferber, R., Pollard, C., D., Hamill, J., & Davis, I. S. (2006). Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38, 323–328.
- Moore, I. S., & Dixon, S. J. (2014). Changes in sagittal plane kinematics with treadmill familiarisation to barefoot running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 30, 626–631.
- Moore, I. S., Jones, A. M., & Dixon, S. J. (2012). Mechanisms for improved running economy in beginner runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44, 1756–1763.
- Moore, I. S., Jones, A. M., & Dixon, S. J. (2014). The pursuit of improved running performance. Can changes in cushioning and somatosensory feedback influence running economy and injury risk? Footwear Science, 6, 1–11.
- Nunns, M., House, C., Fallowfield, J., Allsopp, A., & Dixon, S. (2013). Biomechanical characteristics of barefoot footstrike modalities. Journal of Biomechanics, 46, 2603–2610.
- Nunns, M., Stiles, V., & Dixon, S. J. (2012). The effects of standard issue Royal Marine recruit footwear on risk factors associated with third metatarsal stress fractures. Footwear Science, 4, 59–70.
- Paquette, M. R., Zhang, S., & Baumgartner, L. D. (2013). Acute effects of barefoot, minimal shoes and running shoes on lower limb mechanics in rear and forefoot strike runners. Footwear Science, 5, 9–18.
- Perl, D. P., Daoud, A. I., & Lieberman, D. E. (2012). Effects of footwear and strike type on running economy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44, 1335–1343.
- Pratt, D. J. (1989). Mechanisms of shock attenuation via the lower extremity during running. Clinical Biomechanics, 4, 51–57.
- Ridge, S. T., Johnson, A. W., Mitchell, U. H., Hunter, I., Robinson, E., Rich, B. S., & Brown, S. D. (2013). Foot bone marrow edema after 10-week transition to minimalist running shoes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45, 1363–1368.
- Robbins, S. E., Gouw, G. J., & Hanna, A. M. (1989). Running-related injury prevention through innate impact-moderating behavior. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 21, 130–139.
- Robbins, S. E., & Hanna, A. M. (1987). Running-related injury prevention through barefoot adaptations. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 19, 148–156.
- Shorten, M., & Mientjes, M. I. V. (2011). The ‘heel impact’ force peak during running is neither ‘heel’ nor ‘impact’ and does not quantify shoe cushioning effects. Footwear Science, 3, 41–58.
- Sinclair, J., Greenhalgh, A., Brooks, D., Edmundson, C. J., & Hobbs, S. J. (2013). The influence of barefoot and barefoot-inspired footwear on the kinetics and kinematics of running in comparison to conventional running shoes. Footwear Science, 5, 45–53.
- Squadrone, R., & Gallozzi, C. (2009). Biomechanical and physiological comparison of barefoot and two shod conditions in experienced barefoot runners. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 49, 6–13.
- VibramFiveFingers (2012). ‘Getting Started’ [online]. Retrieved from: http://www.vibramfivefingers.it/education_why_barefoot.aspx
- Warne, J. P., & Warrington, G. D. (2014). Four-week habituation to simulated barefoot running improves running economy when compared with shod running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 24, 563–568.
- Wiegerinck, J. I., Boyd, J., Yoder, J. C., Abbey, A. N., Nunley, J. A., & Queen, R. M. (2009). Differences in plantar loading between training shoes and racing flats at a self-selected running speed. Gait and Posture, 29, 514–519.