418
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Running shoe crash-pad design alters shoe touchdown angles and ankle stability parameters during heel–toe running

, , &
Pages 81-93 | Received 04 Oct 2014, Accepted 04 Mar 2015, Published online: 09 Apr 2015

References

  • ASTM D2240-05 international (reapproved 2010). Standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness.
  • Brauner, T., Sterzing, T., Gras, N., & Milani, T.L. (2009). Small changes in the varus alignment of running shoes allow gradual pronation control. Footwear Science, 1(2), 103–110.
  • Breine, B., Malcolm, P., Frederick, E.C., & de Clercq, D. (2014). Relationship between running speed and initial foot contact patterns. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(8), 1595–1603.
  • Brüggemann, G.-P., Brüggemann, L., Heinrich, K., Müller, M., & Niehoff, A. (2011). Biological tissue response to impact like mechanical loading. Footwear Science, 3(1), 13–22.
  • Cavanagh, P.R., & Lafortune, M.A. (1980). Ground reaction forces in distance running. Journal of Biomechanics, 13(5), 397–406.
  • Clarke, T.E., Frederick, E.C., & Cooper, L.B. (1983a). Effects of shoe cushioning upon ground reaction forces in running. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 4(4), 247–251.
  • Clarke, T.E., Frederick, E.C., & Hamill, C.L. (1983b). The effects of shoe design parameters on rearfoot control in running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 15(5), 376–381.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Dancey, C.P., & Reidy, J. (2011). Statistics without maths for psychology. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Hamill, J., Russell, E.M., Gruber, A.H., & Miller, R. (2011). Impact characteristics in shod and barefoot running. Footwear Science, 3(1), 33–40.
  • Hasegawa, H., Yamauchi, T., & Kraemer, W.J. (2007). Foot strike patterns of runners at the 15-km point during an elite-level half marathon. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), 888–893.
  • Heidenfelder, J., Sterzing, T., & Milani, T.L. (2010). Crash-pad thickness systematically reduces impact shock in running shoes. Footwear Science, 2(2), 85–91.
  • Hennig, E.M. (2011). Eighteen years of running shoe testing in Germany – a series of biomechanical studies. Footwear Science, 3(2), 71–81.
  • Hennig, E.M., Valiant, G., & Liu, Q. (1996). Biomechanical variables and the perception of cushioning for running in various types of footwear. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 12, 141–150.
  • Hintermann, B., & Nigg, B.M. (1998). Pronation in runners – implications for injuries. Sports Medicine, 26(3), 169–176.
  • Hreljac, A., Marshall, R.N., & Hume, P.A. (2000). Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(9), 1635–1641.
  • James, S., Bates, B., & Osternig, L. (1978). Injuries to runners. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 6(2), 40–52.
  • Kersting, U.G., & Brüggemann, G.-P. (1999). Adaptation of the human calcaneus to variation of impact forces during running. Clinical Biomechanics, 14, 494–503.
  • Kersting, U.G., & Brüggemann, G.-P. (2006). Midsole material-related force control during heel-toe running. Research in Sports Medicine: An International Journal, 14(1), 1–17.
  • Kong, P.W., Lim, C.Y., Ding, R., & Sterzing, T. (in press). Subjective evaluation of running footwear depends on country and assessment method: A bi-national study. Ergonomics.
  • Lam, W.K., Sterzing, T., & Cheung, J.T.-M. (2013). Influence of protocol complexity on fit perception of basketball footwear. Footwear Science, 5(3), 155–163.
  • Larson, P., Higgins, E., Kaminski, J., Decker, T., Preble, J., Lyons, D., … Normile, A. (2011). Foot strike patterns of recreational and sub-elite runners in a long-distance road race. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(15), 1665–1673.
  • McClay, I., & Manall, K., (1998). A comparison of three dimensional lower extremity kinematics during running between excessive pronators and normals. Clinical Biomechanics, 13(3), 195–203.
  • Milani, T.L., Schnabel, G., & Hennig, E.M. (1995). Rearfoot motion and pressure distribution patterns during running in shoes with varus and valgus wedges. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 11, 177–187.
  • Milani, T.L., Hennig, E.M., & Lafortune, M.A. (1997). Perceptual and biomechanical variables for running in identical shoe constructions with varying midsole hardness. Clinical Biomechanics, 12(5), 294–300.
  • Miller, D.I. (1990). Ground reaction forces in distance running. In P. Cavanagh (Ed.), The biomechanics of distance running (pp. 203–224). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books.
  • Mills, K., Blanch, P., & Vicenzino, B. (2010). Identifying clinically meaningful tools for measuring comfort perception of footwear. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(10), 1966–1971.
  • Milner, C., Ferber, R., Pollard, C., Hamill, J., & Davis, I. (2006). Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(2), 323–328.
  • Morio, C., Lake, M.J., Gueguen, N., Rao, G., & Baly, L. (2009). The influence of footwear on foot motion during walking and running. Journal of Biomechanics, 42, 2081–2088.
  • Mündermann, A., Nigg, B., Stefanyshyn, D., & Humble, R. (2002). Development of a reliable method to assess footwear comfort during running. Gait & Posture, 16, 38–45.
  • Mündermann, A., Stefanyshyn, D.J., & Nigg, B.M. (2001). Relationship between footwear comfort of shoe inserts and anthropometric and sensory factors. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(11), 1939–1945.
  • Nigg, B.M. (2001). The role of impact forces and foot pronation: a new paradigm. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 11(1), 2–9.
  • Nigg, B.M. (2010). Biomechanics of sport shoes. Calgary: University of Calgary.
  • Nigg, B.M., Bahlsen, A.H., Denoth, J., Lüthi, S., & Stacoff, A. (1986). Factors influencing kinetic and kinematic variables in running. In B.M. Nigg (Ed.), Biomechanics of running shoes (pp. 139–160). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Nigg, B.M., Bahlsen, H.A., Lüthi, S.M., & Stokes, S. (1987). The influence of running velocity and midsole hardness on external impact forces in heel-toe running. Journal of Biomechanics, 20(10), 951–959.
  • Nigg, B.M., Cole, G.K., & Brüggemann, G.P. (1995). Impact forces during heel-toe running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 11, 407–432.
  • Nigg, B.M., & Wakeling, J.M. (2001). Impact forces and muscle tuning: A new paradigm. Exercise & Sport Science Reviews, 29(1), 27–41.
  • O'Connor, K., & Hamill, J., (2004). The role of selected extrinsic foot muscles during running. Clinical Biomechanics, 19(1), 71–77.
  • Oriwol, D., Sterzing, T., Maiwald, C., Brauner, T., Heidenfelder, J., & Milani, T.L. (2009). Pronation velocity values of running shoes are dependent on the mathematical routines applied during data post processing. Cape Town: 22nd Congress International Society of Biomechanics.
  • Oriwol, D., Sterzing, T., & Milani, T.L. (2011). The position of medial dual density in running shoes does not influence biomechanical variables. Footwear Science, 3(2), 107–116.
  • Perry, S.D., & Lafortune, M.A. (1995). Influences of inversion/eversion of the foot upon impact loading during locomotion. Clinical Biomechanics, 10(5), 253–257.
  • Rosnow, R.L., & Rosenthal, R. (2009). Effect sizes: Why, when and how to use them, Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 217(1), 6–14.
  • Shorten, M., & Mientjes, M.I.V., (2011). The ‘heel impact’ force peak during running is neither ‘heel’ nor ‘impact’ and does not quantify shoe cushioning effects. Footwear Science, 3(1), 41–58.
  • Sterzing, T., Lam, W.K., & Cheung, J.T.-M. (2012). Athletic footwear research by industry and academia. In R.S. Goonetilleke (Ed.), The science of footwear (pp. 605–622). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Sterzing, T., Schweiger, V., Ding, R., Cheung, J.T.-M., & Brauner, T. (2013). Influence of rearfoot and forefoot midsole hardness on biomechanical and perception variables during heel-toe running. Footwear Science, 5(2), 71–79.
  • Taunton, J.E. (2002). A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(2), 95–101.
  • Van Gheluwe, B., Tielemans, R., & Roosen, P. (1995). The influence of heel counter rigidity on rearfoot motion during running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 11, 47–67.
  • Whittle, M.W. (1999). Generation and attenuation of transient impulsive forces beneath the foot: A review. Gait & Posture, 10, 264–275.
  • Willems, T.M., de Clercq, D., Delbaere, K., Vanderstraeten, G., de Cock, A., & Witrouw, E. (2006). A prospective study of gait related risk factors for exercise-related lower leg pain. Gait & Posture, 23(1), 91–98.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.